Chiphunzitso
Kuchokera pansi pa cholembera cha wolemba waku Germany Ernst Gofman, mabuku ndi mabuku komanso mabuku omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zithunzi za Gothic. Mwana wake TSAKHS ndi yoyipa komanso wamwano, koma ali ndi talente yodabwitsa, ndipo yopanda pake yatcracker imakakamizidwa kuti athetse malangizo a mtedza. Ndi lingaliro lowopsa la nkhaniyi, Hoffman amadziwa momwe angapangire nthano zokongola, zathupi koma osati ana.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ernst Theodore Wilhelm Gofman adabadwa pa Januware 24, 1776 ku Konigsberg, East Prussia (tsopano - Kalinangrad, Russia). M'banja la Christopher LudPig hoffman ndi Albertina Daffer, mnyamatayo adakhala womaliza kwa ana atatuwo.
Zaka 2 pambuyo pobadwa kwa Hoffmann, makolo aang'ono adasiyana. Christopu, akutola mwana wa John Luwig, adapita ku Interburg (tsopano - a Cherningdavsk, mzinda womwe uli kudera la Kalinangrad), ndipo amayi omwe ali ndi Ernst adakhala ku Königsberg. Mwana wapakati adamwalira kuyambira ali wakhanda.
Gofman adawonetsa talente yayikulu yamasewera pa piano, polemba ndi kujambula, koma chitukuko cha maluso awa sichinadziwike madera apamwamba kwambiri ndi madera a prussia .
Mu 1781-1792, mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku sukulu ya Chilutera ya kuba. Mnyamatayo sanaphunzire ntchito ya Schiller, goethe, wothamanga, wolimba, wa Rousseau ndi Jean.
Pafupifupi 1787, Ernst adapanga abwenzi ndi Theodore Intlibon Mchiuno, wandale wamtsogolo yemwe adamudziwitsa Emanuel Kants ndi ntchito yake. Mu 1792, gofman anamvetsera nkhani zingapo zanzeru.
Chilengedwa
M'zaka za 1790s, wolemba adasuntha kwambiri: Wolemba wamkulu ku Dresden, pomwe Gofman adagunda zojambula za Rafael komanso Colleggggo, kenako ku Berlin.
Mu likulu la Germany lomwe lilipo, mnyamatayo adayamba kuyeserera kuti ndi wopatulika. Adalemba The Operatta "Dissi". Gawani talente yake ya hoffman yolimba ndi Louise, Mfumukazi Prussia. Chosangalatsa: Woweruza adayankha. Ndinalangizidwa kuti ndimufotokozere mkulu wa zisudzo zachifumu, zomwe pamupangiri wake unali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito. Ernst sanapeze yankho lodalirika - adachoka ku 4 (tsopano Poznan, Poland).
Inali nthawi yoyamba pachikhalidwe cha Hoffman, pamene Iye anali kutali ndi abale. Mnyamatayo adayamba kukhala mitu "yemwe wamkulu wa masukulu, ansembe, amalume," amalume ndi azakhali amatcha zodetsedwa "- mawu a wolembayo. Zovuta zake zinali zakuti Mjeremani adalumikizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha luso, koma mosera, osati maphunziro.
Mu 1802, kukhala pa mpira, hoffman kuchokera kumphaka zojambula za oyang'anira a plassian. Sizofooka ndi anyamata zomwe zojambulazo zidalekanitsidwa ndi alendo. Pomwe olemba adadziwika, madandaulo adayamba kulowa nawo. Akuluakulu a Berlin omwe amadziwa kubadwa kwa Hoffman, sanathetse Chilango cha "chigawenga", m'malo mwake likulu la Poland (kale likulu la Poland).
"Kuyang'anira" kugonjera thanzi la wolemba. M'matoni, adadzionetsera yekha, kumira m'matope pafupi ndi anthu osaphunzira. Komabe, chipata, chomwe chidatsatiridwa ndi hoffman zaka zambiri zokhala pakapula, chinali ndi zotsatira zabwino pazachilengedwe. Mjeremani amatumiza zolemba zake pa mpikisano wolemba mu Diart Frindüthigegege. Ngakhale kuti palibe ntchito 14 yomwe idapatsidwa mphoto yayikulu, Hoffman adatulutsidwa ma friedrichdewiri a friedrich (ndalama zagolide) kuti aluso waluso.
Mu 1804 adalandira udindo ku Warsaw. Panjira, Ernst anayang'ana pa Königsberg. Zambiri mu mzinda wapansi, wolemba sanakhaleko kokwanira.
Zaka zambiri ku Poland, Hoffman adazindikira chisangalalo kwambiri. Apa adakumana ndi tsogolo lake wolemba Julius Edward Hizig. Anali ndi "nyenyezi zakumpoto," zomveka bwino m'mabuku. Linali hizig yemwe adazidziwa bwino ndi Hoffman ndi ntchito ya Novisa, Ludwig Teak, Ahima Von Arima ndi olemba ena a ku Germany omwe anali olemba ku Germany.
Pouziridwa ndi chibwenzi ndi anthu a zaluso, mnyamatayo akutulutsa njinga za njinga zamimba "Wopeka a Bery" (1804) pa nyimbo za Attenins. Pa chivundikiro cha wovota wa nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito pseudonym - Ernst Theodore Amadeus Hoffman, kapena E. T. A. Gofman. Dzina la Amadeus, Germany linaikidwa m'maganizo mwa Mailtor.
Chisangalalo cha wachinyamata sichinathe - mu Novembala 1806, panthawi yankhondo ya mgwirizano wachinayi, asitikali a Napoleon adagwidwa ndi Warsauw, ndi Prussian Serreats adataya ntchito. Hoffman anali mu Berlin. Anali ndi njala, atadyera pa banja, ndipo izi imodzi mwazomwe anali wa nyimbo zodziwika bwino kwambiri idabadwa - "sikisi isanu ndi umodzi". Pambuyo pake, wolembayo adzadziwika ndi a Johannes Clayyler, ngwazi yayikulu ya bukuli "yowala cac murra".
Kutsitsidwa kwa ma hoffmann kunachitika mu 1809 ndi kufalitsa kwa buku la Burbout ". Malinga ndi chiwembuchi, munthu akuti amakumana ndi dziko la Christopher Christopher Glitka. Ntchitoyi ndi msonkho malinga ndi a Jean Field "doppelganger", m'mabuku a nthawi ya chikondi ndi "umunthu wakuda wa munthu.
Kuyambira kumasulidwa kwa "Clivar Glitka" pantchito ya Gofman, nthawi yagogobe anabwera. Mu 1814 panali nkhani ya "mphika wagolide", nkhani ya opera "inina" idamalizidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, wolemba adayamba kulembera "Elixir Satana" (1815), yemwe amatchedwa "Elixir wamoyo" - amayembekeza kuti kupambana kwa bukuli kungabweretse phindu. Ziyembekezo zinasungidwa. Nkhani zazifupi zomwe zimasungidwa mu zotolera "Zosangalatsa za Kalolo" zidathandizidwa ndi anthu.
"Nutcrackerce ndi mbewa mfumu" (1816), ndi nthano chabe ya ana a bwenzi, adakhala buku. Umboni - Petra Tchaikovsky's ballet, filimu yojambula ndi makanema.
Nkhaniyi imafotokoza za bambo wachichepere yemwe amatha kumeza mtedza wokwanira. Tsiku lina mtsikana wina wamkazi yemwe adapatsa nati ya nati, akuwona chithunzi cha nkhondo ya munthu yolimbana ndi mbewa. Zimapezeka kuti nutcracker ndi wachinyamata wofunitsitsa ndi mbewa ya mfumukazi. Kuti abwerere mawonekedwe apitawa, ayenera kuthana ndi mfumu ndikupeza dona wake wabwino kwambiri.
Nkhani yonena za mtedza ndioyenera kuwerenga ana, mosiyana ndi ntchito zina za Hoffman. Mwachitsanzo, m'mbiri ya "Usiku Eduees" anatola zikhulupiriro zoyipa: "Mawa wamisala", "mpingo wa kutsata zamizimu mumzinda".
Mu 1819, "mwana woyipa ndi wokayikira khanda, pa dzina la zinnober" wabadwa. Pambuyo pakumveka mawu abwino, ozungulira amatha kuwona kupanda ungwiro kwakunja kwa kowoneka bwino. Mosiyana ndi izi - malingaliro ake oyipa akuwoneka nthabwala zonyezimira, zolimba - kukwera. Woyamba Thahsa adawona wolemba Balthazar ndi anthu ena apewe.
Balthazar amakondana ndi Candida, mwana wamkazi wamaphunziro. The Freak, kumvetsetsa zokhumba za mnyamata, kumakopa chidwi chilichonse chomwe chilipo. Popewa cholakwika chakupha, Balthazar amalumikizana ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi TSAKA.
Mu 1819, kuchuluka koyamba kwa "kuwunika amphaka murra" adawonekera. Nkhaniyi imachitika pankhope ya nyamayo, yomwe imakhala kubwalo la Johannes Kreaisler. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mavesi omwe alibe chilichonse chofanana ndi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa. Zimapezeka kuti mphaka pophukira kwa ufa wolenga utoto umatulutsa masamba kuchokera m'miyoyo ya mwini wake - wovota yabwino kwambiri.
Zithunzi za zilembo zazikulu za autobagragragragragragragragragragragragragragical: Cuisler ndi Hofman Mwiniwake, ndipo Murr ndi mphaka wa wolemba yemwe adadzipereka ku bukulo. Nyamayo idafa ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chomaliza cha voliyumu yachiwiri. Pomaliza, bukulo likuti:
"Mwamuna wanzeru, wanzeru, komanso ndakatulo komanso ndakatulo za ndakatulo zakuthambo za m'munda wake wabwino kwambiri watenga imfa yosasinthika."Buku lachiwiri linasindikizidwa mu 1821.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1794, hoffman adayamba buku lokhala ndi Hutt, mkazi wokwatiwa yemwe adapereka maphunziro a nyimbo. Izi zinali zachikulire zaka 10, anali ndi ana 6. Mu February 1796, banja la Ernst la Ernst lidatsutsana ndi chikondi cha Mwana ndipo akuti adatumizidwa ku Ernst kupita ku zolinga zabwino za Globow.
Pafupifupi 1801, bambo adapita Marianna kwa mkazi wake Mikalin amangolirani Misha. Pambuyo 4 zaka, moyo wawo wobisika udaphwanya kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi wa Cecilia. Moyo wake unali waufupi - mwanayo anamwalira ali ndi zaka ziwiri.
Mu 1810, pokhala munthu wokwatira, wophunzira wachichepere a Julia a Julia adakonda Julia. Kumverera kwa Gofman kunali koonekeratu kuti makolowo anathamangira mwana wake wamkazi kuti akwatire, ndipo kwa Mulungu, wolemba pafupi adabweretsanso moyo wake. Nyuzipepala ya bukuli imaperekedwa kwa bukuli "Woon Juan" (1813).
Imfa
Mu 1819, thanzi la HOFFAN wazaka 43 lidasokonekera. Mavuto amoyo adasintha munthu waluso kukhala woledzera, syphilis adayambitsa kufooka kwa miyendo, ndipo kuyambira pa chiyambi cha 1822 - ziwalo kwa khosi. Ngakhale izi, Ernnst anapitilizabe kuti alengeze kuti ntchito yake yomaliza ndi mkazi wake kapena mlembi.
Nthawi yomweyo, hoffman amalimbana ndi zoweruza milandu. Mu buku "la Bloach" (1822) Wolemba anali ndi vuto loti wolemba abwerere ku Camcats Commission.
Mtsogoleriyo atakhazikitsidwa, mfumu ya Prussia yokhala ndi Friodrich Wilhelm III, adaganiza zobwezera ku Hoffman, ndiye kuti amamumanga. Mfumu idalangizidwa kulemba wolemba wachidzudzulo, ndipo "Ambuye" adzawerengedwa.
Gofnst Gofman anamwalira kuchokera ku Sypholis pa Juni 25, 1822 ali ndi zaka 46. Manda ali ku manda a ku Yerusalemu a Berlin. Pandaponda mandaneyo adawonetsa dzina la wolemba pobadwa ndi Regilia yake:
"Allause ya khothi, yabwino kwambiri pankhani yake, wolemba ndakatulo, woimba, wojambula, wojambula, wodzipereka kwa abwenzi ake."Mawu
Kuneneka ndi zomwe ndikudziwa ndikuwerenga za chikondi, makamaka, nyozo za matenda amisala, zomwe mu mtundu wa anthu zimafotokozedwa mumikaza wapadera wa misala; Amatengera cholengedwa chilichonse chifukwa cha kuti zilidi; Mwachitsanzo, onunkhira wamba a bbw, amalambira mulungu wamkazi. Abambo anzeru nthawi zina amabadwa chifukwa cha ana kapena wina yemwe amakhala woona mtima nthawi imeneyo akadzuka Mtundu wina wa chinyengo cha chinyengo. Kodi pali mkhalidwe wosangalatsa kuposa kukhutira?M'bali
- 1814 - "Malingaliro m'njira za Callo"
- 1815 - "Satana Wake"
- 1816 - "Nutcracker ndi mbewa mfumu"
- 1817 - "Usiku Eades"
- 1819 - "Khanda la Tsaks, pa dzina la Chinnober"
- 1819-18211 - "Abale Serapion"
- 1819-1821 - "Kuwala kwa Mphaka wa Mphaka wa Mphaka ndi Zidutswa za Bihannes Worhan Craisler yemwe mwangozi amapulumuka papepala"
- 1922 - "Ambuye of Bur"
Nyimbo
- 1804 - "Oimba Opeka" (Zipchpil)
- 1808 - "Harlequin" (Ballet)
- 1809 - "Dirna" (Meldrama)
- 1812 - Aurora (Opera)
- 1816 - "Udina" (Opera)