Chiphunzitso
Nikolai Nikolayyovich Semenov - Wasayansi Wasayansi, omwe ntchito zake zimangophunzirabe ndikugwiritsa ntchito gulu lasayansi lapadziko lonse mu ntchito zawo. Ankakhala moyo wabwino womwe unali malo okwanira omwe anali ndi nkhawa komanso kupambana. M'maso mwake, dzikolo linali kusintha - kuchokera kwa Tsarist Russia kupita ku Soviet Union.
Nikolai Nikolaevich anapulumuka nkhondo yapachiweniweni, kusintha, kusokonezedwa kwa 30s, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala otani, adakhalabe wokhulupirika ku sayansi. Semenov akadakhalabe wolemba wasayansi yekha waku Russia yemwe adalandira mphoto ya Nobel mu chemistry.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nikolai NikolayEvich Semenov adabadwa pa Epulo 15, 1896 m'banja la asitikali a akatswiri. Abambo - Nikolay Alexandrovich, amayi - Elena Alexandrovna. Wasayansi wamtsogolo mpaka 1909 adakhala mwana ku Saratotov, ndiye kuti banjali lidasamukira ku Samara.
Apa adapita ku sukulu yeniyeni yomwe adamaliza maphunziro awo mu 1913. Munali mkati mwa makoma a bungwe la maphunziro a Nikolai adayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zamankhwala ndi sayansi. Kufuna kwa mphunzitsi wothandizidwa ndi sayansi vladimir ivanovich kmindolov, komwe wasayansi adzagwirizana ndi ubwenzi wautali komanso watentha.
Mnyamatayo ankayesedwa nthawi zonse poyesera, kuphunzira zochita zamankhwala, zomwe, zowopsa, zidatha ndi kuphulika. Koma pa m'badwo uno, semenov anali ndi chidwi ndi zotsatira zaphulika, zomwe zidakhala maziko a kafukufuku wake wa sayansi.
Pambuyo pa sukulu, Nikolai amalowa ku yunivesite ya petrograd pa dipatimenti ya masamu ya fizikisi ndi masamu masamu. Abambo ake sakhutira ndi mwana wake kusankha mwana wake wamwamuna, monga momwe amalakalaka atamuwona mu usilikali. Pakati pa kholo ndi mwana wanu pali mkangano womwe umakhala kwa zaka zingapo.
Pa 2nd, Nikolai akuchita chibwenzi motsogozedwa ndi Abraha Fedovich Ioffe. Imagwira ntchito pa matoto ndi mamolekyulu othandizidwa ndi electron. Nditamaliza maphunziro a yunivesite mu 1917 amasankha kukhalabe mu Alma Mater kuti akakonzekere pulosha.
Chapakatikati pa 1918, zochitika zimachitika, zomwe zimasintha kuchuluka kwa moyo wa wachinyamata wachinyamata. Kufika pa tchuthi cha chilimwe kwa makolo ku Samara, amasamalira nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Malinga ndi Nikolai Nikolayyevich, sanamve bwino bwino zomwe zinali kuchitika mdziko lankhondo la anthu a ku Samara Constrast, zomwe zinali zotsogoleredwa ku boma la Eserovo.
Za kubwerera ku Petrograd ndidayiwala. Semenov idakhala betri wamba yamagetsi. Inali pamalo osungirako mahatchi pafupifupi pamwezi kutsogolo kwa gulu lofiira. Koma mwachangu ndinazindikira kuti ntchito yankhondo siyolinga.
Nikolay adatenga tchuthi ku bambo wodwala kudwala kwambiri ku Samara. Kuchokera pamenepo ndinasamukira ku batri ya UFA, koma sindinapite kumbali, koma ku Tomsk, komwe kudawerengedwa chifukwa chokana gulu loyera. Semenov ikuyembekeza ku Tomsk kuti mupitilize kuchita nawo sayansi. Ku Tomsk Institute of Technology, adaperekedwa ndi labotale kuti ayambe kafukufuku komanso mwayi wophunzitsa sayansi.
Nikolai adakwanitsa kupanga sekondale zingapo zodziyimira ndikupanga msonkhano wasayansi ku Suyansi ku Institute, adagwira ntchito ndi ophunzira aluso.
Mu 1919, semenov anayenda molchak kulowa usilikali. Mutu wa dipatimenti ya fizikisi ya Tomsk Institute of Technology, Boris Petrovich Voinberg, adagwirizana ndi kusamutsa Nicholas ku wayilesi yomwe adatumizidwa ku Indul Status.
Pambuyo polowa tomark ya gulu lofiira, mawailesiyo adalowa. Yunivesite inakonzekereratu m'dzina la mkulu wa mzindawo, pamaziko a semenov omwe adachotsedwa kunkhondo.
Pambuyo pake, nkhani yoyera ya Nikography ya Nikolai Nikolayvich pafupifupi adamtsogolera mu 1937, pomwe adamangidwa mindandanda ya asayansi akumayambiriro kwa zigawenga. Pakati pa physico yopanda tanthauzo - mankhwala a semenov, koma iye ndi ena angapo "adatha kupulumuka. NkVD pa chifukwa chosamveka chomwe chidawasiya.
Sayansi
Mu 1920, a Nikolai, atayitanidwa ndi Abulahamu fderovich ifrovich ifromed ndikukonzekera kufika kwa mutu wa magetsi a X-ray ndi radiyologication. Kuyambira mu 1921 adasinthidwanso ku suyansi ya leinterad ndi ukadaulo.
M'chaka chomwechi, mchitidwe wachidwi umachitika, womwe umatha kutchedwa wachinsinsi, wokonzekereratu zamtsogolo za wasayansi. Pamodzi ndi mnzake wa mkalasi, Peter Kapitsita, adalamula chithunzi chawo cha wojambula wotchuka Boris Chistudiev.
"Bwanji osatikoka, otchuka mtsogolo?" Anafunsa Katsita. Zomwe adafunsa ngati akatswiri asayansi akusonkhana mtsogolo mwa Nobel oyang'anira. Pambuyo poyankha, wojambulayo adayimitsa chithunzi chosatsimikizika cha Shalyapin ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito.
Ndi Peter Kapingta Nikolai Semenov, zaka zambiri zaubwenzi ndi ntchito za sayansi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa. Mu 1922, adapanga njira yoyezera maginito a atomu m'manda amondogeneous, omwe adapambana asayansi a Otto kumbuyo ndi Walter Germah.
Mu 1927, a Nikolai Nikolayyovichi adayikidwa paudindo wa mutu ndi ukadaulo wa kunyengerera, ndipo kuyambira 1928 amakhala pulofesa wake. Mu 1931, imasinthidwa kukhala Institute Fickics yamankhwala ya UTHENGA WABWINO KWA UTHENGA WA MASCR, yomwe wasayansi amayang'anira zaka 55.
Munthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, semenov, pamodzi ndi asayansi ena a Soviet, ali kumbuyo kwawo, ku Kazan, komwe amapitilizabe kugwira ntchito pa nkhani zoyaka komanso kuphulika. Ntchito zake zidavomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ili ndi chiphunzitso cha kuphulika kwa mafuta ndikuwotcha masitepe owotcha magesi. Nikolai Nikolaevich amalenga chiphunzitso cha kufalikira kwa lawi lamoto, kufafaniza, kuwotcha zophulika.
Mu 1943, dzina lake Institute The Menics amasunthidwa ku Moscow, pomwe ntchito yogwira ntchito pa ntchito ya atomiki imayamba. Nkhondo itatha, semenov imayamba kuukira ndi asayansi ena, zomwe Profesa wazachiwerengero za sayansi ya Moscow State University Nikolavich Akulav.
Unali kampeni yamtengo wapatali kuchokera kwa wasayansi wamkulu. Anaimba mlandu wocheperako kutsogolo kwa kumadzulo komanso muzolemba.
Zamatsenga ndi ubwenzi ndi chakuti cholepheretsa Petro Kapitsi chitakhala chosasangalatsa pantchito ya wasayansi. Semenov idakanidwa kulolera kulolera kwa Semipatinsky Landfill, pomwe bomba loyamba la atomiki linali kuyezetsa. Ogwira ntchito ambiri asayansi omwe anali nawo, koma adaletsedwa ndi china chomuuza manejala pazotsatira za mayesowo.
Stulin atamwalira, ntchito yotsutsana ndi Semenov idatha, ndipo olamulira adalandira ndalama pambuyo poti alandire mphotho ya Nikolai NikolayEvich Nobel Mphotho. Mwambowu unachitika mu 1956. Mphotho ya "Kafukufuku mu Gawo la Kuchitira Mankhwala", wasayansi adagawanika ndi mnzake waku Britain ndi Sheril Binltood.
Nikolai Nikolayyovich adasankhidwa ku malo obisika a Sukulu ya Maphunziro a Sable of USSR Academy of the Science, Kenako adalandira mutu wa Purezidenti wa Sayansi.
Mu 1973, anali m'modzi mwa ophunzira omwe adasayina kalata yomwe Pravda nyuzipepala ya Pravda ndi chitsutso cha machitidwe a Maphunziro sakav.
Nikolai NikolayEvich Addvent yogwira pasayansi ndi gulu komanso zochitika zina. Anasankhidwa kukhala ophunzira 14 a sayansi m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Pakupereka kwa sayansi ya Soviet, adakhalapo kawiri kosangalatsa kwa mphotho yakale, pambuyo pake mphotho ya Lenin idawonjezedwa ku mphothoyo.
Mu State Register of USSR, ntchito ya Semenova ya Semenova pamutuwu: "Zowopsa za Enerner Enerner Kuchita Zinthu Mwachilengedwe". Pambuyo pake, wasayansi wakusiya cholowa m'malo mwa mabuku ndi nkhani zasayansi.
Moyo Wanu
Asayansi anali atakwatirana katatu. Maria Isidovna Hidovna rollysha-Lidrovskaya anakhala wokwatirana naye, yemwe anali wachikulire kuposa Nikolai Nikolayyevich kwa zaka 17. Chifukwa cha wokondedwa wake, adasiya banja lakale. Anali ndi ana anayi. Koma, mwatsoka, mzimayi adamwalira chifukwa cha khansa pazaka ziwiri.
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mkazi wake, chaka chotsatira, semenov kumakwirira ku Marie Isidorna - Natalia Burtseva. Mwambowo unachitika mu 1924. Ana awiri anabadwira mgululi: Yuri ndi Lyudmila. Mkaziyo anathandiza mwamuna wake m'maulendo ake, anamasulira m'zilankhulo zitatu. Asayansi yemwe sanalankhule wina aliyense, koma amawerenga mabukuwo.
Moyo wa wasayansi wakhala nkhani yokambirana ku sukulu ya sayansi ndi Dipatimenti of Sayansi ya Komiti Yachisanu anali achichepere kwambiri kuposa maphunziro. Pambuyo povomera, awiriwa adasayina ndikukhala pamodzi kwa zaka 15. Kunalibe ana muukwatiwu.
Imfa
Asayansi wamwalira ku Moscow pa Seputembara 25, 1986 ali ndi zaka 90. Cholinga cha imfa ndi kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka.
Nikolai Nikolaevich waikidwa m'manda a Novodevichy. Palibe chithunzi pamanda ake, koma munthu wasayansi watha. Ntchitoyi idagwira ntchito yotchuka ya Sovietpptor Veviepptor Fladimir Fwalor.
Mphongo
• 1941 - mphoto ya Slatin• 1943 - membala wolemekezeka wachingelezi
• 1946 - dongosolo la banner red
• 1949 - mphoto ya Stil
• 1956 - Nobel Chemistry
• 1958 - membala wachilendo wa Royal Society of London
• 1960 - Dokotala wa Dokoni wa Oxford University
• 1962 - membala wolemekezeka ku New York Academy of Sayansi
• 1963 - membala wachilendo wa US National Academy of Sayansi
• 1965 - Dokotala wa Dokotala wa University of London
• 1966 - ngwazi ya Socialist
• 1969 - Banja Lalikulu wagolide wotchedwa M. V. Lomonosov
• 1976 - mphotho ya Lenin
• 1976 - ngwazi ya Socialist
• 1986 - dongosolo la Okutobala
M'bali
Mabuku
• 1934 - "
• 1958 - "pamavuto ena a mankhwala kinetics komanso kuchitidwa
• 1973 - "sayansi ndi anthu: Zolemba ndi zolankhula"
Zolemba
• 1923 - "Inomication ndi mipweya ndi mipweya yovuta"
• 1924 - chemistry ndi magetsi "
• 1925 - "pamtengo wokwera mtengo"
• 1930 - "
• 1930 - "Zosavuta kwambiri za mankhwala"
• 1931 - Kuphulika kwa mpweya ndi lingaliro lachitali la "
• 1940 - "chiphunzitso cha kutentha ndi kuphulika"
• 1940 - "chiphunzitso chakuwotcha ndi kuphulika" (kumapeto)
• 1953 - "mafunso akuluakulu a chiphunzitso chamakono chowotcha cha magemu osakanikirana"
• 1967 - "Kudziyanjanitsa ndi Maganizo Anuanu"
• 1986 - "Njira Yocheza"