Obibi obibi
Charles Robert Darwin - okike, ọsụ ụzọ ọsụ ụzọ na mbido ibi n'ụwa site na nna nna ya niile, site na mmalite nke ụdị ọ bụla. Onye dere akwụkwọ "sitere na akwụkwọ" sitere na mmalite nke ụdị mmadụ ", echiche na mbido mmadụ, ihe ọmụmụ nke mbụ" na anụmanụ "na-egosi mmetụta nke mmetụta", echiche banyere ihe na-akpata mbibi.
A mụrụ Charwin na February 12, 1809 na County of Shropshire (England) na ala Ugwu Darwin, na Shrewsbury. Robert Darwin, nna nwata nwoke ahụ, otu dọkịta na onye ego na-akwụ ụgwọ, nwa nke sayensị ebula ihe nkiri darwin. Mama Susann Darwin, na nwa agbọghọ - WAJWOOD, nwa nwanyị nke Artist Jozayia wajwood. Childrenmụaka isii toro na ezinụlọ Darwin. Ezinụlọ ahụ gara Chọọchị Tetaria, mana nne Charles tupu alụm di na nwunye bụ onye parission nke ụka Anglịkan.
N'afọ 1817, e nyere Charles n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Darwin dị afọ asatọ na-ezute sayensị na sayensị ma mee usoro mbụ na ịnakọta. N'oge ọkọchị nke 1817, nne nwa nwoke ahụ nwụrụ. Nna m nyere ụmụ ndị ikom Charles na Erasmus na 1818 ruo n'ọnụ ụlọ ịbanye n'okpuru ụlọ ụka Anglịkan - ụlọ akwụkwọ nke shasbury.
Charles enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọmụmụ ihe. Enyere asusu di iche na akwukwo. Isi mmiri nke nwata nwoke a na-anakọta nchịkọta na ịchụ nta. Amachibidoro omume Nna na ndị nkuzi ahụ ka ha buru uche, n'ikpeazụ, ha ga-eti ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, ụmụ agbọghọ Darwin pụtara agụụ ọzọ - na kemịkal nke Darwin jiri mba ahụ baara ya mba. Bọstasitium Charles Darwin rụchara ọrụ dị iche iche site na nsonaazụ amamiihe.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi na 1825, ya na nwanne ya nwoke gụsịrị akwụkwọ, tinyere Mahadum Edinburgh, na ngalaba ọgwụ. Tupu ya abanye nwa okorobịa ahụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka n'ọrụ ahụike.
Na Mahadum Edinburgh, Darwin nwere afọ abụọ. N'oge a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu ghọtara na ọgwụ ahụ adịghị akpọ oku. Nwa akwụkwọ ahụ kwụsịrị ịga nkuzi ma wepụ wepụ ihe nke anụmanụ juru. Charles onye nkụzi n'okwu a bụ ohu ahụ tọhapụrụ, onye bịara njem njem Njem Arazonia na Chroomtor ìgwè mmiri nke Waden.
Nchọpụta mbụ nke Darwin mere na mpaghara nke anatomis nke internebrates. Na-arụ ọrụ sayensị na-eto eto na Machị 1827 na nzukọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ Planiyevsky, onye so na 1826. N'otu otu, ụmụnne Darwin hụrụ ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya. N'oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka site n'aka Robert Edmond Wive. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme Robert Jamet Jametson, ebe ọ natara ezigbo ihe ọmụma banyere Geology, jiri mkpokọta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi nke Mahadum Edinrinburgh rụọ ọrụ.
Ozi banyere ọmụmụ banyere Ọkpara ahụ e mechiri emechighị Darwin - okenye obi ụtọ. Aghọtara m na enweghị m ike ịghọ dọkịta site n'aka Charles, Robert Darwin siri ọnwụ na ọbịbịa nke Ọkpara na kọleji nke Christ Cambridge Mahadum. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọbịa nke ndị ọbịa plinevsky nwere ike ịmaka Varu darwin n'ime okpukpe nke ụka, na 1828, o diri ule ahụ na Cambridge.
DarBridge anaghị amụnye ya n'anya. Oge ụmụ akwụkwọ na-achụ nta na ịnya ịnyịnya. Afọ ọhụrụ pụtara - ntinye. Charles banyere gburugburu ụmụ ahụhụ. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụkarị n'ọdịnihu mere ndị enyi Cambridge John Stevens, onye mepere nwa akwụkwọ ahụ ụzọ na ụwa nke botany dị ịtụnanya. Gọnsall wepụtara darwin na-eduzi ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-eme n'oge ahụ.
Site na usoro nke ule ikpeazụ, darwin malitere ịmanye ihe ndị a furu efu na isiokwu ndị isi. O weere ebe-isi ahu na nsonaazụ nke nsonaazụ nke nyocha ndị madera.
Njem
Mgbe ị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1831, Charles Darwin nọgidere na Cambridge ruo oge ụfọdụ. Ọ raara onwe ya oge maka ọmụmụ nke ọrụ site na William Paleley "okike" na Alexander Von Humbeldt ("Okpeazụ Mba"). Akwụkwọ ndị a wetara Darwin na echiche nke ịga njem na ebe ị na-amụ ihe sayensị na omume. Maka mmejuputa echiche nke njem, Charles gafere Gedgevik, ma hapụzie alaeze ahụ gaa na North Wales maka ịkwa iko.
Mgbe m rutere Wales Darwin, m na-eche leta Prọfesọ Giyal na nkwanye nke onye isi ụgbọ mmiri nke English Rotzroy. Thegbọ mmiri ahụ n'oge ahụ gara njem na South America, Darwin nwere ike iwere ebe onye okike nọ na otu. N'eziokwu, a naghị akwụ ụgwọ ọnọdụ ahụ. Nna m hụrụ njem na njem ahụ, yana naanị "Deede Char Charles, Jozoya Muzwood nke Abụọ, chekwaa ọnọdụ ahụ. Ụmụ nwoke na-eto eto gara njem ụwa.
Njem ahụ malitere na 1831, wee nọrọ na October 2, 1836. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri "Beagle" dugara n'ọrụ ahụ na-agbapụ okporo ahịhịa. Darwin n'oge ahụ na-etinye ego n'ụlọ akụ nke mkpokọta maka nchịkọta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na okike. O duuru otu akụkọ zuru ezu banyere ihe o kwuru. Na ọ bụla dabara adaba, ọkà mmụta sayensị zitere otu ihe ndekọ ahụ na Cambridge. N'oge njem ahụ, Darwin anakọtara ọtụtụ anụmanụ na-enwe ọtụtụ anụmanụ, nke a na-eketa oke nke oke osimiri. Kọwara nke ọma nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ.
Na nso agwaetiti nke Cape Darwin mere nchọpụta nke oge nwa oge maka mgbanwe nke Geolololoala ya tinyere n'ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na Geolog n'ọdịnihu.
Na Patagonia, ọ chọpụtara Ụjọ ji foduru nke oge ochie anu ara megatarium. Presence esote ya na ụdị nke oge a mollusk shells gbara akaebe na-adịbeghị anya ofufe nke umu. The chọpụtara mere ka ndị nwere mmasị na nkà mmụta sayensị na okirikiri nke England.
The ọmụmụ nke stepwise plastic akụkụ nke Patagonia, nke ga-emepe nke oge ochie n'ígwé nke Earth, ada Darwin ọgwụgwụ banyere ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi nke boro na Lileel "Na mgbe niile na ofufe nke umu".
Na n'ikperé Chile, na "Beagle" otu hụrụ ala ọma jijiji. Charles hụ ụwa n'ụgbụgbọ elu oké osimiri. Na Andes, ọ hụrụ na shei nke mmiri invertebrates, nke mere a ọkà mmụta sayensị maka kọwa nkọ banyere omume nke mgbochi kpụkọtara ọnụ na atolls ruru ka tectonic ije nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ.
Na Galapagos Islands, Darwin chọpụtara ọdịiche dị n'etiti obodo umu anumanu si Chile ikwu na ndị nnọchiteanya nke gbara agbata obi isuo. The ihe nke ọmụmụ bụ Galapagos mbe na Birds lụtara.
Na Australia, ha hụrụ ebube nkịtị ụmụ anụmanụ na sunkonos otú dị iche si anụmanụ ụwa nke ọzọ na-na Darwin chesiri echiche ike banyere ihe ọzọ "kere".
Na otu nke "Beagle", Charles Darwin gara aki oyibo isuo, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwa, nke àgwàetiti Tenerife, na Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, na ọkụ na-enwu n'ala. Dị ka ihe nke anakọtara ozi, na ọkà mmụta sayensị kere ọrụ nke Naturalist Abamuru (1839), "Travel anụmanụ na Beagle ship (1840)," Building na nkesa nke coral kpụkọtara ọnụ "(1842). M kọwara ihe na-akpali eke onu - penitenthenes (pụrụ iche ice kristal na ice kpụkọrọ).
Mgbe alọta na njem, Darwin malitere nnata egosi nke ha ozizi banyere mgbanwe umu. Ibi na a nnọọ okpukpe gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọtara na ozizi ya na-ewetu adiaha nkwenkwe nke ẹdude ụwa iji. O kweere na Chineke, dị ka na kasị elu isi, ma kpamkpam edikpu na Christianity. Ikpeazụ ya azụ site na chọọchị ahụ mere mgbe ọnwụ nke Ann ada na 1851. Darwin akwụsịghị enyere ndị Church na-enye nkwado na parish ha, ma n'oge a nleta ezinụlọ na chọọchị ọrụ wee na-eje ije. Darwin kpọrọ onwe ya bụ onye.
Na 1838, Charles Darwin ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ nke London Geological Society. Nke a post nwere ruo mgbe 1841.
Ozizi nke ụmụ
Na 1837, Charles Darwin malitere ịnọgide na-enwe a edetu, iwere osisi iche na anụ ụlọ ìgwè. Na ọ ghara ụgha na echiche ya na eke nhọrọ. The mbụ ndetu banyere mmalite nke umu pụtara na 1842.
"Mmalite nke umu" bụ a yinye arụmụka ikwado ozizi evolushọn. Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime omumu bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ mmepe nke umu bi site eke nhọrọ. The ụkpụrụ ndị dị na ọrụ natara aha "Darwinism" na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.
Na 1856, na njikere nke ogologo version nke akwụkwọ malitere. Na 1859, ìhè hụrụ 1250 n'oge nke oru "The si malite umu site n'okike nhọrọ, ma ọ bụ ichebe eme udiri anumanu na mgba maka ndụ." The akwụkwọ a so na ụbọchị abụọ. Ndụ mgbe Darwin, akwụkwọ wee si na Dutch, Russian, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Polish, Hungarian, Spanish na Serbian asụsụ. Darwin ọrụ na-reprinted na-ewu ewu ugbu a. Ozizi n'okike ọkà mmụta sayensị mkpa ka ndị bụ na bụ ihe ndabere nke oge a ozizi evolushọn.
Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke Darwin bụ "mmalite nke a onye na-enwe mmekọahụ nhọrọ." Na ya, ọkà mmụta sayensị mepụtara ozizi nke mkpokọta nna nna na a onye na oge a na enwe. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eduzi a comparative anatomical analysis, tụnyere embryology data, na ndabere nke nke gosiri myirịta nke onye na enwe (na samial ozizi anthropogenesis).
Na akwụkwọ "On okwu nke mmetụta uche na mmadụ na anụmanụ, Darwin kọwara a onye dị ka akụkụ nke ihe evolutionary yinye. A onye dị ka a dị ndụ organism mepụtara si kasị ala anụmanụ ụdị.
Ndụ onwe
Charles Darwin lụrụ na 1839. Ọ bụ oké njọ banyere alụmdi na nwunye. Tupu i kpebie, m dere na a mpempe akwụkwọ niile "n'ihi na" na "megide". Mgbe mkpebi ikpe ahụ, "ịlụ-alụ-alụ" na November 11, 1838 mere a amaghị na site na nwa nwanne nna Emme Vajwood. Emma bụ ada Josai Muchwood II, nwanne nna Charles, a so nzuko omeiwu na onye nwe poselin factory. N'oge nke agbamakwụkwọ, na-alụ ọhụrụ tụgharịa 30 afọ. Ruo mgbe Charles Emma jụrụ aka na obi na-enye. The girl ada ozi na Darwin n'oge afọ nke ejegharị ejegharị na-South America. Emma - a girl gụrụ akwụkwọ. O dere a ozizi maka a ime obodo akwụkwọ, mụọ music na Paris si Frederick Chopin.
Agbamakwụkwọ wee ebe on Jenụwarị 29th. Agbamakwụkwọ na Anglican Church ẹkenịmde a nwanne na nwunye John Allen Merchalwood. Nwunye lụrụ ọhụrụ biri na London. On September 17, 1842, ezinụlọ ha kwagara a ogbe ndịda nke Kent.
Emma na Charles amuru ụmụ ya iri. Children ruru na ọkwá dị elu na otu. Sons George, Francis na Horace ndị òtù nke British Royal Society.
Atọ ụmụaka nwụrụ. Darwin jikotara painfulness nke ụmụaka na a yiri nkekọ ọ bụla ọzọ na Emma (ọrụ nke "soreness ụmụ si na nso-enyi na enyi ịgafe na uru nke anya crossings").
Onwu
Charles Darwin nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 73, Eprel 19, 1882. Elreade na Westminter Abbey.
Mgbe di ya nwụrụ, Emma zụtara ụlọ na Cambridge. Soncis na Horace bụ ụlọ ndị wuru n'ụlọ dị nso. Ke Cambridge, di ya nwụrụ biri na oge oyi. Maka oge ọkọchị ọ kwagara n'ụlọ ala na Kent. Nwụrụ na Ọktọba 7, 1896. E liri ya n'ime ala, n'akụkụ nwanne nwanyị Darwin - Erasmus.
Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị
- A mụrụ CharWin n'otu ụbọchị na Abraham Lincoln.
- Na foto, darwin dị ka ọdụm siri ike.
- Ọdịdị nke ụdị a ka a na-akpọ naanị mbipụta nke isii.
- Darwin ghọtara ụdị anụmanụ ọhụrụ na site na nlele gastrinomic: Ọ nwara ị totụ efere site na ihe mgbochi, Ekwo, Aguti, Iguti, Iguti.
- Na nsọpụrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị, enwere ụdị anụmanụ dị ụkọ.
- Darwin ajụla nkwenkwe ya: ruo ọgwụgwụ ụbọchị, ibi na ezinụlọ okpukpe miri emi, ọ nọ n'ihe banyere okpukpe mmadụ na-enwe obi abụọ.
- Njem "Beagles" gbatịrị kama afọ abụọ.