Obibi obibi
"Dị ka Mamay agabigawo," ilu a ka na-ejikarị n'okwu Russia. A na-eji ya ma a bịa n'ihe mbibi, merie. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ngosipụta ole na ole nke oge nke Kilikov Bag, mgbe Dmitory Donskoy mebiri ndị agha Mamavo.Nwa na ndi ntorobịa
Ozi mama nwere ọnụọgụ ọcha tụrụ, n'ihi na ihe karịrị narị afọ isii gafere n'ọdịdị ya. Eleghị anya, amụrụ na 1335 n'isi obodo ọlaedo, obodo Saray-Batu. Okporo ụzọ ahụ si n'aka Angolian, ha kwupụtara Islam. Aha a bụ Terkic oge ochie nke mohammed.
Alụmdi na nwunye na-aga nke ọma na ada Khan Golden Cellen mama m na 1357 iji were post Bookbek: Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu na-eduzi, ndị agha na duru ndị agha ọrụ mba ọzọ. Na-enweghị alụmdi na nwunye ruo Tuulbek, Mamat ekweghị ọkwa dị elu.
Golden Horde
Na 1359, mb thee ọ bèri nwunye Berdibuk Khan, mamay na-ekwu agha. Site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu, ndị a na-akpọ "nnukwu jam" na Horde amalite. Ebe ọ bụ na Mamay abụghị ihe mgbochi, ọ gaghị ewere aha Khan. N'afọ 1361, ọ kpọsara Horde Khan (akụkụ nke Horde Golden (a na-akpọ akụkụ nke abụọ ahụ, a na-akpọ akụkụ nke abụọ. Abdullah, sitere na Genesullah Batum Batum.
Nzọụkwụ a mere mkpesa ngagharị nke ndị ọzọ na-arịọ arịrịọ maka ike maka ike, ma 1366 na-enwe ike ịlụ ọgụ maka mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke steeti ahụ, site n'aka nri akụ nke Vrimea. N'oge na-erubeghị afọ, o nwere isi obodo obodo Saram. Na amụma mba ofesi, Mamay lekwasịrị anya na Caparprochiments na steeti ndị Europe - Venice, Genita, Genita, Gransibili ike nke Lithuania na ndị ọzọ.
N'afọ 1370, akwụkwọ ozi Abdullah nwụrụ, na-ekwu, site n'aka Maira. Mohammed Banka, nwata nwoke dị afọ asatọ si na mmanụ ahụ dị na Gesus bataudse bilitere n'ebe ọ nọ. De Yura, ọ chịrị onwe ya mamamevaya Horde ruo mgbe 1380, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'agha Klikov. N'ezie, Mamai hiere ụzọ, na-enweghị iwere aha Khan.
Mmekọrịta nke ọchịchịrị na Moscow malitere n'ụzọ dị iche iche. N'ime afọ ndị mbụ, ọchịchị Mamay kwadoro isi obodo, na 1363, nkwekọrịta iji weghaara Dani na-emegharị Dani. Moscow Prince Dmitry ghọtara ike nke Mamia na Khan Abdullah.
Agbanyeghị, na 1370, Mamai họọrọ nnukwu isi ya ma nyefee Mikhail Tver. Otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Dmitry na nleta nke onwe ya gara leta Bekstolebebabebabebabebatebabebatebebebatebabeban ma weghachi akara. Nnukwu iro nke steeti abụọ ahụ ka na 1374, e tiri tatar squad na Nizhny Novgorod, nke ndị nnọchianya nke Maama so na ya. A na-etinye "nnukwu ọkụ" malitere, a na-etinye naanị nke naanị agha Kulikovsky.
N'afọ 1377, ụmụ na-eto eto Khan Golden malitere ịchị ụwa: N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1378 meriri akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Horde. Na-eso, ọ gara n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, Horde Heord, ebe Mamay jụrụ n'ezie. Site na mmalite nke afọ 1380, Tokhtamysh jisiri ike weghachi ókèala ọlaedo dum, naanị Crimea na mpaghara Oke Osimiri Oke Osimiri Northern Super Oke Osimiri Northern Black Oke Osimiri.
N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ siri ike, Mamay na-eme mkpebi ịhazi mkpọsa na Russia iji chịkọta ọtụtụ ụtụ. A na-ewere ego na ndị agha nke Horden, maka ego ndị ọchịchị na-achị achị, ndị ọzọ na-alụ ọgụ megide Rulikov, nke mere na mpaghara Kulikov, nke mere Septemba 8, 1380. Onye isi ndị agha Russia bụ Moscow Prince Dminskoy.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ekwenye n'echiche na ntule nke ndị agha ọlaedo ahụ. Fọdụ na-ekwu na Mama nwere puku 60, ndị ọzọ kwenyere na site na 100 ruo iri puku abụọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta iri na ise, ma mechaa tụgharịa na puku mmadụ iri atọ, nke na-eme ihe egwu na mpaghara ihe mmado, anyị bụ Na-enwe obi ike na n'akụkụ abụọ o sitere na 5 ruo 10 puku ndị sochirinụ, ọ bụghị awa 3, dị ka akọwara na ihe ndị E MERE, na nkeji 20-30.
Edebere ozi banyere agha anọ edere: "Akụkọ banyere Mamav'onchyna", "akụkọ dị mkpirikpi banyere Klikov", ihe Mere nke Kulikov agha. " Okwu ahụ bụ "Kulikovskaya Agha" na Science webatara N. M. Karamzin na "Akụkọ banyere State Russia".
Ndị agha ekwetara na mpaghara ọdịda nke osimiri a nabatara na Don, ugbu a ọ bụ ókèala nke tula mpaghara. Ruo ogologo oge, ihe kpatara ili ya na-enweghị ili ozu dị iche iche, olulu mmiri ahụ kwụsịrị na nchọpụta ngwa ọgụ. Agbanyeghị, na 2006, n'ihi Geradara ọhụrụ ahụ, ha hụrụ ebubo ebubo ebubo olilis nke ndị ahụ metụtara. Ọkpụkpụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ kemịkal nke chernozem kọwara, nke na-emebi akwa ndị ahụ.
N'ụtụtụ nke ọnwa Septemba 8, ndị agha na-eche ruo mgbe a ga-agbagha anyụ ahụ. Agha ahụ malitere na obere esemokwu nke Alexander Peader Peapanda na-eme, nke e gburu ha abụọ. DMMY Dongy nke mbu mere agha na onye nche ahụ, guzoro ọtọ n'otu aka ahụ, na-agbanwe uwe na a Moscow Peanirian.
Mamay lere agha ahu site n'ebe di anya. Ozugbo ọ chọpụtara na e meriri ndị agha, ndị agemimeming nke ndị agha ya na-eme ka ihe fọdụrụ nke ndị agha ya, Tatars, na-akpọkwa ụgbọ elu. Ndị na-eto eto Khan, nke Mamaị bụ Beckerbeck, nwụrụ n'ọgbọ agha.
Site na Septemba 9 ruo Septemba 16 ka e liri ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'ọhịa. Na ili ili, e wuru chọọchị, nke a na-edoghị na ụbọchị a. Ebe ọ bụ na 1848, ihe ncheta maka oru ngo a. P. Brylov guzo na mpaghara Kulikov. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kwenyere mmeri nke Dmikov na ubi Kulikov wetara Russia iji tọhapụ ikike mba ofesi. Maka Horde, mmeri nke Mama nyere aka na nkwanye ùgwù ya n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Khan Chan Cathtamysh.
Mgbe mmeri na Kulik, mpaghara Mamay nwara ịnakọta ndị agha ọzọ iji mee mkpesa na Dincy Donkoy. Agbanyeghị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iburu ndị ọzọ na Russia, n'ihi na Khan Tukhysh na-agba mbọ ka ị merie ihe ndị mebiri emebi nke Mama.
Na Septemba 1380, Mama Mama na ndị agha Tokhtamyh zutere n'agha nke "na kaki". Dabere na ncheta echekwara, enweghị ọgụ ọ bụla - akụkụ bụ isi nke ndị agha Mamana na-aga n'akụkụ nke Tukhtamyh. Mamay ekpebighi iguzogide ha, gbanahụ na Crimea. Site na mmeri nke Touktamysh, agha obodo buru ibu we biri, agha-elu-obodo ahu we biri, na Horde ọla-edo ahu ghọrọ ya.
Ndụ onwe
Nwunye nne nke nne na-ewere Tulunbek, nwa nwanyị Khan Golden Horde Berdibuk. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ bara uru maka ọchịchịrị, e kenyere ya aha nwa Khan, Gursgen ". Ekele dịrị nso na Berdibuk mamai, ọ natara Post Bearlabek - Onye Minister nke mbụ. Nke a bụ ọkwa kachasị elu nke "na-enweghị mmasị" nwere ike itinye.
N'afọ 1380, mgbe Mamay tụfuru agha dị na Kalki, ọ gbagara Crimea, ebe e gburu ya. Tulunbek na Aram - ụmụ agbọghọ - nwetara Tichtamusha. O mere mkpebi ịlụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ mamaha iji mee ka iwu nke ya dịkwuo elu n'anya.
Afọ isii ka nke ahụ gasịrị, megide Tokhtamysh mere izu nzuzo, ihe ọmụma banyere nke edobere. Eleghị anya ọ na-achọ ịnọchibido akwa Batu na ocheeze ya. Ekwenyere na ndị sonyere na izu nzuzo bụ ndị na-eme ka ndị na-eme ihe nke Mamay duru site tulunbek. Tukhtama m gburu nwunye ya, na-enyo enyo na Trouze.
Ikwu houplemụaka ole dị, ọ dịghị ka ọ ga-ekwe omume. A maara na otu n'ime ụmụ ya nwoke, Mansur Kiyacovich, mgbe ọnwụ nke nna ya hapụrụ Crimea ma mepụta ụzọ kwụ ọtọ Lituanian bụ akụkụ nke Lithuanian.
Alexle nwa ya Alex na 1392 nabatara Otọkhodoxy, inata aha Alexander. Ọ lụrụ nwa ya nwoke na Princess Anasia Omperog. Mkpụrụ nke abụọ nke Mansur, skider, ghọrọ isi nke polovtsy na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke ugwu ojii Oke Osimiri Northern.
Na narị afọ nke 16, a malitere ịkpọ ndị isi na akwụkwọ Litunian nke Ghinshy, site na aha obodo Glinsk, ebe obibi dị. Ikekwe, nke a bụ ọla edo ugbu a. Glinsky - githuanian na-atọ ụtọ Lithus Gethuanian, nke Elena Glinskaya mere, nne Ivan Grezny mere. N'ihi ya, otu n'ime ụmụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ bụ Grand Duke nke Moscow na Russia niile.
Ihe mkpuchi Dashkevichi, Vitnevetsky, ruzhinsky, ovrrog, tụleekwa ụmụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ahunames ndị a Lanames nke gbara ọrụ dị mkpa na nguzobe nke Zaporozhye nke oge a.
Mkpụrụ nke onye ọzọ bụ onye Ukraine nwere ụlọ ọrụ Ukraine. N'afọ 2003, a tọhapụrụ fim ahụ na-eduzi fim ahụ, a tọhapụrụ ya banyere nke ikpeazụ. Ihe osise a dabere na mbipụta onye edemede nke akụkọ mgbe ochie banyere ndị Ukraine. Ọkara mmefu ego na-ewu ewu dị na Nduzi nkeonwe.
Onwu
N'oge ọnwụ nke Mama dị afọ iri anọ na ise, ihe kpatara ọnwụ na-egbu egbu. E nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ banyere otu Mamai si nwuo. A maara na mgbe mmeri Tokhtamysh, Mamai gbara ọsọ n'ebe e wusiri ike Cafe (Feroodosia ọgbara ọhụrụ). O menyeere ya akụnụba. Ndị bi na Genoese bi na ebe e wusiri ike, buru ụzọ kweta ya n'ọnọdụ akụ, wee gbuo n'usoro Tichtamysh.
Dabere na data ndị ọzọ, Mama gafere Tokhtamysh, onye mere ndụ ya Beucalbek. Han lụrụ ya na nsọpụrụ niile, ili ahụ dị na Sheikh Mama (aha nke ugbu a - obodo nke Aivazvskone, adịghị anya site na Ferosonia). Kurag chọpụtara na mberede onye omenkà I. K. Aivazsky. Dabere na data ndị ọzọ, Mamay's Mamay na-eli (mechiri emebere Media ochie nke oge a).
E liri akụkọ banyere Dominika Mama na ngwa agha ọlaedo n'oge ahụ, a na-akpọ n'isọpụrụ ya, nke dị n'ókèala nke Volgograd nke Volgograd nke oge a. E kwenyeghi n'ọtụtụ ihe egwu na ụdị mamav Kugan, ahụghị ili ahụ. Ugbu a, a na-akpọ Mamanev Kurgan dị ka ihe ncheta "ndị dike nke agha stalingingrad".
N'isi
- 1955 - Karyshkovsky p. o. "Kulikovskaya agha"
- 1981 - Shennikov A. "Isi nke ofmụ Mamaia"
- 2010 - Kunush R. Yu. "Mamai: Akụkọ nke" Pho-Hero "na akụkọ ihe mere eme (ncheta afọ 630 nke ọgụ Kulikovsky)
- 2010 - Kuneshav R. Yu. "Mamai Chronicle na Mama (Mw'sgbasa Exeotyypy)"
- 2012 - Pucalov A.V. "N'ajụjụ nke mkpụrụ ego nke Mamaia"