Obibi obibi
Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma, onye edemede na ndị edemede, ndị e wepụtara ndị ha na ha dịkọrọ ndụ na ọgbọ ha na-enweghị mmezu ya, Alexander Herzen ghọrọ otu n'ime akara ngosi kachasị mma nke mgbapụta nke mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Nke a machibidoro iwu ya ruo 1905, na-eche elekere ya mgbe ihe omume October.Nwa na ndi ntorobịa
A mụrụ mgbanwe Sveta n'ọdịnihu na March 1812 na Moscow, n'ụlọ a ma ama na Tver Boulevard, nke echekwara ụbọchị. Taa, e debere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ebe a. Gorky. A na-ama ụlọ ahụ maka Bulgakov "Master na Margarta", nke a na-akpọ "ụlọ Griboodov". Banyere onye a mụrụ n'ebe a, Herzel yiri ncheta na Parariasia.
![Ivan Yakovlev, nna Alexander Herzen Ivan Yakovlev, nna Alexander Herzen](/userfiles/126/11705_1.webp)
Ogo nke ala na TVerkoy, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị so na ụlọ ọrụ niile, ha na-ekwu maka akụ nke Nna ahụ, ndị Aristocrat na onye nwe ala Ivan Yakovlev. Genovlev, ama ama na okenye, na-amalite site na Belorina, Ivan Kalita aha ya bụ Andrei na-akpọ nna nna mbụ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi n'ụlọ Romanov. N'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ya, Alexander Herzen, onye nwere ezi mmekọrịta na ndị eze Russia, ghọrọ otu n'ime anụ ụlọ nke ụlọ ndị eze.
Nwa nwoke na-akọwara nna aha dị iche iche. Mama ya bụ nwoke dị afọ 16 Hanrietta Hague, nwa nwanyị nke onye ọrụ si na Stuttgart, Ivan dị afọ 45, Ivan Yakovlev wetara Gossow site na Germany, ebe ọ dịrị ndụ ruo ogologo oge. Onye nwe ala ahụ agaghị ịlụ onye na-eto eto na-eto eto, mana nwa ya nwoke ekwetara na ọ bịakwutere aha ikpeazụ ya, sụgharịrị onye German "."
Nna nke obere Sasha nwere inch incoud na nnukwu omume. O nyere nwa nwoke nke nwa ya nwoke aka. N'oge nwata, nke oge na-eto eto, Alexander kwuru maka mmezu nke mgbanwe nke French na akwụkwọ nke "na-enye ihe nkiri" Rousseau na Vousseau na Vousseau na Vousseau na Vousseau na Vousseau na Vosseau.
![Alexander Herzen na ntorobịa Alexander Herzen na ntorobịa](/userfiles/126/11705_2.webp)
Ná ngwụsị nke afọ 1820, nna ya lekọtara ndebanye aha nke nwanne na-eme ka ọ dị na Kremlin na ọrụ nke ezinụlọ nke alaeze na Moscow na mpaghara ya gburugburu. N'oge ahụ, nwata nwoke ahụ dị afọ 8, mana yakovllev rụpụtara ihe 14. Mgbe afọ 3 gasịrị, e nyere Sasha dị afọ 12 ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa nke onye na-edekọ kọleji, ọkwa dị ala na tebụl dị na tebụl.
Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Herzen maara Nikolai Ogarev, onye yakovlev nọ na mmekọrịta dị anya. Bonsmụ nwoke ahụ kwenyere na ọmịiko na ndị na-eme ihe ọjọọ ọmịiko, na-aga n'akụkụ ugwu nza, swooro iyi inye ndụ "na ọgụ maka abamuru nke ala ala." Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị Russia hapụrụ nyere ihe omume a na ndụ ndụ dị mkpa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Herzen. N'afọ 18, Alexander Herzen batara mahadum ahụ, na-ahọrọ edinaka na mgbakọ na mwepụ.
Ọrụ Ọha
The mahadum gburugburu Herzen na Ogarev kpụrụ a gburugburu nke dị ka kpọrọ ndị na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ochichi onye kwuo uche, na French mgbanwe, bụ onye ụjọ, n'usoro ochichi na utopian socialism nke Saint-Simon mgbe ya.
![Eserese nke onye dere ya Alexander Herzen Eserese nke onye dere ya Alexander Herzen](/userfiles/126/11705_3.webp)
A na-egosipụta nke anọ nke ọrụ ọhaneze ", mgbe Alexander Herzen, tinyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, megide onye nkuzi Mikhaillo, Gruubian na Dosomus. Ndị na-eto eto enwetala ebe a na-ebe ákwá na njem, ka malov hapụrụ ndị na-ege ntị. A chụrụ onye nkụzi ahụ ọkụ, kamakwa ndị mmeri nke ọgba aghara a tụbara na achicha ahụ.
Oge a na-eto eto na-eto eto, nke herzen na-ekere òkè na, mechara kpọọ ngosipụta nke mbụ nke mmegharị ụmụ akwụkwọ, bụ onye mmeri nke okpueze. Mgbe "Malovskaya akụkọ ihe mere eme" ndị uwe ojii hụrụ ileba anya na ndị na-eme ihe.
N'oge na-adịghị anya ka ị hapụsịrị mahadum, na 1834, ejide Herzen. Mgbanwe ndị na-eto eto, na-ekere òkè na Porushka, mechiri "e debar" abụ. Ruo ọnwa 9, a na-enyocha ya na nyocha n'isi obodo ahụ, wee si ebe ahụ na Vyaatka. Herzen rụkọrọ otu obere onye ọrụ ọrụ ma dee isiokwu na isi obodo.
![Ihe ncheta nke Alexander Herzen na ogige nke Moscodesu Ihe ncheta nke Alexander Herzen na ogige nke Moscodesu](/userfiles/126/11705_4.webp)
N'afọ 1837, Tsat Alexander II ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dị na Vyatka, nke Herzen mere ka ekpughere ya site na ọrụ nkà. Onye nketa na ihe ngosi, na ndu ndi ahu. N'ikpeazụ gbanwere iwe nke eze nke ezinụlọ na-eme ebere na Vasily Zhukovsky, onye nyere nwa okorobịa mara mma. N'afọ ahụ, a kpọfere Alexant Herzen na Vladimir na Vladimir, mgbe afọ 2 wepụrụ ya site na nlekọta ndị uwe ojii. Ọ laghachiri na Moscow.
N'afọ 1840, herzen nyere ugwu dị elu na isi obodo Northern, n'ozi ọma. Tupu ngbapụ nke St. Petersburg, onye ntụgharị jikọrọ Moscow Circon of Nikolai Stkevich, na-agbagha ndị na-akwado ihe ọmụma nke nkà ihe ọmụma na-achọghị.
N'ozi ahụ, onye ọrụ gọọmentị ahụ na-egbu oge otu otu afọ: Leta nna Herzen bịara n'aka ndị uwe ojii, nke ọ ga-afụ ọnụ ngalaba ahụ niile. Maka nkatọ, ewedara ya ma ziga ya na Novgorod onye ndụmọdụ ógbè obodo ahụ.
![Housen Housen na onye iro Syvetsey Housen Housen na onye iro Syvetsey](/userfiles/126/11705_5.webp)
Ego nna m mechara na 1842, ego nna ahụ nyeere Aleksan oso ji arụkwaghịm ma laghachi na Moscow. Lee, ọ ghọrọ kpakpando nke salons ma ọ bụ ọfụma. Inwe pseudonym bụ isinder, ibipụta isiokwu na nka. N'afọ ndị a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ "?
N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1846, nna onye dere ya nwụrụ. Na Jenụwarị n'afọ ọzọ, Herzen gara Europe ketara. Ulo ya na Syvethev nke ndi iro chebere. N'etiti-afọ 1970s, ụlọ ebe a na-eche echiche na-emeghe.
Akwụkwọ na echiche nkà ihe ọmụma
Na Paris, leba anya nke "ndị ikwu okwu" asị ". Mgbe mgbanwe nke February, nke na-anabata nke na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, yana mmejọ ọbara nke ndị ọrụ, ọ mechara kwụsị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. O bikọrọ, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ "glass nke ndị", na-ewere ego. Inwe ihe onwunwe n'anya na ekwensu, Alexander Herzen bịara nso.
![Detara Alexans Detara Alexans](/userfiles/126/11705_6.webp)
Mụtara banyere akwụkwọ banyere "olu ndị mmadụ", Gọọmenti Russia nyere iwu ka ọ laghachi n'ala nna ya. Mgbe ọdịda ya gasịrị sochirinụ gbasasịrị ma machibido iwu na njedebe nke ndụ. Na Russia, echefughị herzen. Magazin Nekrasovsky "dịkọrọ ndụ" bipụtara "akwụkwọ ozi site n'ụzọ Azọba", akụkọ banyere France, echiche ya nke Russia.
Mgbe ahụ na Napoleon III III E guzobere na France, emechiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Paris. Iji zere mkpagbu, Alexander Vladimirovich kwagara dị mma. N'ebe a, gbakee na nsogbu ezinụlọ ma chigharịa ọdachi, Herzen gara n'ihu dee nyocha akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ. Site na njedebe nke mgbanwe nke olileanya nke ndị na-eme nke ndị na-ememe mba ahụ, ha dara na Europe. Ọkpụkpụ na nkà ya na nkà ihe ọmụma emeghị ewu ewu na ọdịda anyanwụ. N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ Jernen, ndetu nke ndakpọ olileanya site n'iwu dị na Europe dara.
![Alexander Herzen na Nikoloy Ogarev Alexander Herzen na Nikoloy Ogarev](/userfiles/126/11705_7.webp)
Ternyaahụ, "ọdịda anyanwụ" na-alaghachi echiche Russia. Ugbu a ọ rụrụ ụka na obodo ahụ bụ nwa embrayo nke Socialsm, nke na ndị ọzọ mmepe ga-agbanwe ọha mmadụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eme ka Europe zoro ezo ná "izu ohi" Bourgeoi "site na izu okè.
N'afọ 1849, mgbe e jidere, Nicholas m na Russia, ihe ndị Herzen na nne ya maka ọrụ ndị na-eme mgbanwe, onye na-ede akwụkwọ na onye dere ya na London. N'etiti 1850s, o mepere ụlọ obibi obibi, ebe site na Almanac "Polar Polar". Otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Olarev sonyere ya. N'oge ọkọchị nke 1857, mbipụta mbụ nke magazin a "Bell" bipụtara, ebe ndị na-akwagara ndị na-akwachi anya nke Serford na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.
![Ihe ncheta nke Alexander Herzen na olili ozu Ihe ncheta nke Alexander Herzen na olili ozu](/userfiles/126/11705_8.webp)
Esemokwu nke Eksan nke Alexander nke Alexander nke Abụọ gụpụtara ya site na magazin ndị a na-ekwupụta nke ọha na eze nwere nkà, ruo mgbe herzen kwadoro ọgbaghara 1863-1864. Vales gwara mweghachi okwu ahụ site na ịkanye ndị Dnieper. "Bell" nye ndị agha Russia ka ha na-aga n'akụkụ okporo osisi were ndị na-elebara magazin ahụ anya. Mbinye ahụ dara ugboro isii, ruru ọkara nke mbipụta.
Na Russia, Herzen ndị na-eleda ma katọọ ya. Na n'etiti ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị 1860, a manyere onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịkwaga Geneva: gọọmentị Britain mere nrụgide Russia ma nyekwa Alexander Ivanovich ịhapụ obodo ahụ. N'oge ọkọchị nke 1867th "Bell" mechiri. Afọ ise tupu mgbe ahụ, otu akara a nwere "kpakpando kpakpando". N'afọ 1868, a bipụtara ụdị ncheta nke herzen "ịzụta na Duma". Memoirs nwere mmasị dị ka ebe a na-ese ihe ma bibie ebe a ma ama na BIBLOLOLOLAPLY.
Ndụ onwe
Banyere otú onye ahụ na-ede ahụ si leba anya na oge ntorobịa ya, site na eserese nke ahịhịa ahịhịa Herzen A. zbraev. Ihu dị gịrịgịrị, ihu dị mfe na-ere anya na-ere ọkụ enweghị ike ịmasị ụmụ nwanyị. Otu n'ime ha bụ Natalia Zaharin - ọ ghọrọ nwunye Alexander. Di na nwunye di na nwunye - nkata maka akwukwo. Natalia bụ nwa nwanne Despena, nwanne nwanyị nwanyị ya nke Nna ya.
![Natalia Alexandrovna, nwunye Alexander Herzen Natalia Alexandrovna, nwunye Alexander Herzen](/userfiles/126/11705_9.webp)
Herzen ezuru ya n'ụlọ iji lụọ. Studes bụ ndị isi na Vladimir, ebe n'oge ahụ na-eje ozi njikọ njikọ ahụ. E nwekwara sasha na mbụ, na-egosi na nna nke A. Vitberg. Ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama ama, prọfesọ kuziri Lausanne na Mahadum. Na mkpokọta, a mụrụ ndị di na nwunye iri ise site na mmadụ atọ ahụ lanarịrị.
Na France, ebe Herzena hapụrụ Moscow, Natalia nwere akwụkwọ uri German Georveg. Ruo oge ụfọdụ, ezinụlọ abụọ (Helvag lụrụ di) bi na otu ụlọ, ruo mgbe Herzen jidere di ma ọ bụ nwunye, onye kwenyere na Georg na-enweghị ya, na Treason. Mgbe ngwakọta sara azụ, Gerlebu hapụrụ ụlọ ahụ. Herzen nwere obi abụọ a mụrụ nna m mụrụ na 1850 nke ada Olga, ma ghọtara nwa agbọghọ ahụ. O biri ndụ miri emi ma nwụọ n'ime afọ 103.
Otu afọ mgbe amuchara nwa nwanyị ahụ, bụ ndị ezinụlọ ahụ tara ahụhụ. N'oké Osimiri Mediterenian, mmiri riri ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nke a na-a swoụ nwa ya nwoke dị afọ 8. Ahụ ha ahụghị. Aven Otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị - na 1852 - Natalia Herzen nwụrụ site na ịmụ nwa. Bọchị ole na ole ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Ọkpara bụ Vladimir nwụrụ.
N'afọ 1856, onye nọworo ogologo oge na onye otu Ogaren kwagara London na London, onye Herzen "were" nwunye ya natalia tuchkov. Site na 1857th na ọnwụ nke Alexander Ivanovich, ha biri ọnụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a kwụsịtụghị ọbụbụenyi ahụ.
N'afọ 1858, Tichkov mụrụ nwa nwa nwanyị Elizabet, ma mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị. Lisa gburu onwe ya igbu onwe ya n'afọ 17, ụmụ ejima ahụ wee nwụọ site na Dipyheria. Ebe ọ bụ na Natalia Tuchkov agbagharaghị ndị Herzen na-echeta na Hiszen tụkwasịrị ọha na eze ụmụ Nikolokovich.
Onwu
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke Herzen na Tuchkov kwagara Paris. Na isi obodo French biri ogologo oge: na Jenụwarị 1870, onye edemede ahụ nwụrụ. Ihe kpatara onwu bu oria.
![Alexander Herzen na ọnwụ Alexander Herzen na ọnwụ](/userfiles/126/11705_10.webp)
Herzen buliri na ebe a na-arị elu Paris a ma ama nke otu leshas, ma mgbe e mesịrị ka ntụ ọka na-ebugharị ntụ ọka.
Uwa edemede
- 1852-1868 - "Nnọọ na Duma"
- 1846 - "Wasnye bụ ụta"
- 1846 - "ngagharị"
- 1847 - "Dọkịta nke Mpụ"
- 1848 - "Sọka-ohi"
- 1851 - "mebiri emebi"
- 1864 - "Ọdachi N'ihi Ọrọ Sturg"
- 1869 - "Ike agwụala maka"