Biography
Tus kws sau ntawv Vladimir Korolenko nyob thaum Lub Kaum Hli puag ncig, kev tsim lub Bolshevik zog thiab kev ua txhaum kev tsov rog. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev kos duab thiab xov xwm ua haujlwm, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Vladimir Galaktionich Korgolenko tau yug los hauv ZhyTomyr, nws cov poj koob yawm txwv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mirgorod Cossacks. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, yawg tus yawm txiv txiv ntoo yog tus tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntom nti.
Tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej uas nyob hauv Ukraine, muaj cov neeg enlightened. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky yog tus kwv tij thib ob yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb-notiist, sau ntawm philosophical cov lus.
Txiv, ib tug pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb chaws, yog ib txoj haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tsev hais plaub ZhyTomyr County. Ib tug txiv neej kaw thiab hnyav nrog lub siab xav paub txog qhov ua kom lwm tus ntshai thiab hlau voj.
Qhov no galaktion afanasyevich tau ntes nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "hauv ib haiv neeg" hauv ib haiv neeg tsis zoo ", uas tau raug txiav txim siab thawj lub sijhawm ua ntej thiab kev mus ncig ua haujlwm rau lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov haujlwm uas muaj lub cim xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau luam tawm hauv cov luam tawm txhua lub lim tiam.
Niam Volodya Evelina Iosfovau, yav dhau los Polka los ntawm haiv neeg, tau koom nrog cov haujlwm hauv pej xeem thiab kev tu menyuam. Tus poj niam muaj sia nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1867, thaum uas peb tus ntxhais yau uas tau tuag vim muaj mob.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Korolenko kawm nyob rau hauv ib tus kheej Board, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab rau cov chav ua si, ua ntej los ntawm nws txiv. Tom qab ntawd cov niam txiv tau tsiv mus rau lub nroog ntawm Rivne, hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv nroog, tus kws sau ntawv tau muab ib daim ntawv kawm tiav.
Hauv nws txuas ntxiv dua cov lus qhia muaj lub sijhawm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev thev naus laus zis, tab sis lub neej hauv qib siab St. Petersburg tau kim heev. Tom qab txav mus rau Moscow cov kev kawm siab dua ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, Vladimir yeej lub koob npe nrov ua tus tub ntxhais kawm nug.
Nyob rau thaum lig 1870s, tus kws sau ntawv koom nrog kev hloov pauv, nws raug tshem tawm ntawm cov chav kawm thiab raug ntiab tawm mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Krononstadt. Kev yoog raws thaj av ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau thov los ntawm Korolenko ntawm cov rog loj loj.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau xav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab biographers. Nws tau paub tias nws yuav tau nws tus poj niam los ntawm tsis pom zoo nrog lub zog ntawm cov voj voog. Evdokia Semenovkaya uas yog cov neeg muaj npe nrov, yog ib tus hluas nkauj muaj siab ntseeg thiab thuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm.Tus poj niam ntawm Korolenko hauv Adulthuad tau los ua ib leej niam, hmoov tsis, nkawm niam txiv tau faus ob tug menyuam yaus. Tus hlob ntawm cov ntxhais tau dim rau hauv lub chaw kawm txuj ci ntawm St. Petersburg, ntawm nws teg num niam txiv lub tsev cia puav pheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ukraine.
Thaum lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Sophia Vladimirovna, Kuv tau pom ib qho kev sib sau nrog cov tshaj tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd kuv tawm tswv yim cov ntawv sau ntawm cov phau ntawv tshaj tawm. Nrog nws txoj kev koom tes, cov tsiaj ntawv muaj npe nrov ntawm Korolenko rau Anatoly Lunacy cov neeg sau ntawv txawv teb chaws hloov mus rau Fab Kis.
Thaum ntxov xyoo 1920, Korolenko tus ntxhais tau txiav txim rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau cov rooj sib txoos thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm Leej Txiv. Ua ke nrog tus muam ntawm Natalia Lyakhovich, cov tswv cuab ntawm lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv pom cov nyiaj thiab tswj tau nqa rooj plaub mus txog thaum kawg.
Kev tsim
Nyob rau St. Petersburg, Korolenko tau pib ua haujlwm sau ntawv, "ntu ntawm lub neej ntawm" tus nrhiav "yog ib qho kev sib tsoo feather. Zaj dab neeg, uas poob rau lub chaw kho ntaub ntawv sau npe ntawm "Patrican sau ntawv" Magazine, tsis txhawb Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.
Thaum kawg ntawm 1870s, Vladimir tau raug teeb meem, thiab nws tau raug xa mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Vysnevolotsk tsev loj cuj. Tom qab tsis kam lees cov lus cog tseg, Emperor Alexander III, thaum pib ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub teb chaws zoo.
Tom qab ib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ib txwm ntawm Zhytomyr nrhiav tau txoj kev mus rau Nizhny Novgorod, muaj txuj ci ci ntsa iab tau qhia muaj. Cov kiv cua ntawm "Essays thiab Dab Neeg", luam tawm ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm txawv txawv txawv "," ntawm Davan "thiab" Cov neeg mus muag muag "".
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1880s, Vladimir Galaktonovich yog cov ntsiab lus nrog cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev paub thiab cov neeg hlub. Nws tsim nyog tau raus hauv cov teeb meem kev puas siab ntsws, nrog rau lub ntiaj teb kev xav thiab txoj kev ntshaw.
Hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm "cov menyuam ntawm lub qhov taub", uas nkag mus rau hauv lub npov menyuam uas tau xaiv, tus sau tseem muaj cov qauv qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tej yam uas cov mej zeej los ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv, nws pom cov thiab lwm tus rub lub nra ntawm kev nyuaj siab.
Tom qab ib xyoo caum, tus kws sau ntawv tau raug tso tawm thaum kawg ntawm kev saib xyuas, thaum mus ncig ua si mus rau Russia, nws tau mus saib Crimea thiab Caucasus. Tom qab ntsib mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, tus txiv neej tso ib zaj dab neeg txhais ua lus Askiv.
Xyoo 1900s, tus kws sau ntawv ua kev xav paub txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tswj hwm kev nom kev tswv, nws tsis tiv thaiv kuv tus tswv cuab ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciency. Korolenko tiv thaiv cov neeg tsim txom me me Lavxias cov neeg Yudais thiab cov neeg Yudais, tau mloog cov kev tsis ncaj ncees uas tau ua rau ib puag ncig.
Tom qab Lub Kaum Hli puag ncig, Korolenko, tus qub neeg uas, rau txim cov cuab yeej thiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub bolsheviks. Nws hais qhia nws txoj hauj lwm ruaj ruaj hauv cov "ntawv mus rau Lunacarsky" thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo 1920.
Vladimir Lenin reacted ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab sau ntawv thaum ntxov, kev thuam tus kws sau ntawv rau lub siab rau tib neeg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv qub xa cov ntaub ntawv xa hauv cov yees duab albums, cov tub ceev xwm tau koom nrog ntawm lub zog ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov dab neeg, sau ntawv thiab dab neeg.
Korolenko yuam kom tig mus rau kev pab ntawm cov neeg hloov txawv teb chaws, hauv Paris thiab cov nroog ntawm America pib tshaj tawm ntau phau ntawv. Cov ntawv luam ntawm cov lus thuam rau cov neeg tus thawj coj ntawm enlightenment cov neeg sib tw ntawm Lavxias kev hloov pauv mus rau Fab Kis.
Kev tuag
Thaum xyoo 1920, "keeb kwm ntawm kuv pawg tau sau tseg, teem sijhawm ua luam tawm los ntawm ntau cov puv-fulled tagnrho. Korolenko npaj siab rau kev tshaj tawm lub neej kev paub thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xov xwm ua haujlwm.Cov hauj lwm tseem tsis tiav vim kev tuag tsis tau xav txog kev tuag - o ntawm lub ntsws muaj kev ua kom tuag taus. Lub ntxa ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau nyob hauv Anciest Necropolis ntawm Poltava, qhov chaw ua memorial Wittia mus ntsib cov kab lis kev cai.
Nyob rau hauv Lub Yim Hli 1936, qhov faus ntawm Korolenko tau pauv mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub vaj, qhov twg lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej tom qab qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv piav qhia los ntawm tus hluas nkauj, cov neeg keeb kwm thiab cov duab kab ntawv thiab muaj ntau yam thiab ntau pua leej nco tau luam tawm thaum lub neej.
Yam nco txog
- Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Vladimir Korolenko muaj nyob rau hauv ZhyTomyr, Poltava, lub zos ntawm dzhanhot Krasnodar Thaj chaw, Nizhny Novgorod thiab raws nraim.
- Lub npe v.g Korolenko yog cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Kharkov, Moscow, MosSevsk, Izhevsk, thiab St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk thiab ntau lub nroog.
- Korolenko txoj kev muaj ntau dua 50 lub nroog ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova thiab cov neeg Ixayees.
- Txoj kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Udmurtia hauv izhevsk yog muaj npe V. G. Korolenko.
- Ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam me ntawm Multan, qhov twg Korolenko ua tus tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, kev ua si "Lavxias Lavxias".
- Hauv lub teb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hauv Zhytomyr, ib monument tau tsim.
- Lub npe ntawm Korolenko tau muab cov tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Poltava thiab lub glazing, zhytomyr, nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov, Kerch, Noginsk.
- Ntawv xa ntawv nyiaj muas nrog cov duab ntawm Korolenko tau tshaj tawm hauv USSR xyoo 1953 thiab hauv Ukraine hauv 2003.
- Lub hli lub loog ntawm National Bank of Ukraine tau tshaj tawm ib xyoos ib zaug uas tau mob siab rau v. G. Korolenko.
- Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hnav Soviet neeg caij tsheb caij tsheb.
- Hauv kev hwm ntawm Korolenko muaj npe lub ntiaj chaw me me 3835.
- Xyoo 1990, lub union ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm Ukraine tsim cov nqi zog rau tom qab Korolenko rau cov ntawv nyeem Lavxias tshaj plaws ntawm Ukraine.
Bibliography
- 1885 - "Pw Pw Tsaug Zog"
- 1885 - "Hauv ib haiv neeg phem" ("cov menyuam ntawm lub qhov taub")
- 1886 - "Sau Ntawv thiab Dab Neeg"
- 1886 - "Cov neeg ntaus nqi dig muag"
- 1890 - "pavlovsky sau ntawv"
- 1895 - "Tsis muaj lus"
- 1899 - "Marusina Zaimka"
- 1990 - "ib pliag"
- 1905-1921 - "Keeb kwm ntawm kuv txoj kev kawm"