Biography
Kev Ntshiab Kev Cai Leonid Zankov txij li xyoo 1930s tau kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm thiab kev qhia ntawm cov menyuam yaus muaj kev loj hlob. Kev paub sib sau los ntawm nws yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kev puas tsuaj thiab oligophrenoprogrogic. Kuv tau xav paub txog tus kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv - lawv xav li cas tias lawv nco qab tias kev pom ntawm kev ua li cas. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau xyoo kev kawm yog qhov system tsis tau ntawm Zankov, tam sim no siv tau thiab tsim nyog, thiab thaum Ussr, indecently tshiab.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Leonid Vladimirovich zankov yug rau lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1901 hauv Warsaw, lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj. Nws thaum yau nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tub ceev xwm ncig los ntawm cov muam thiab ob tug kwv tij. Cov menyuam tau qhia tsis tsuas yog cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb - lej, keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog txawv teb chaws, tab sis kuj yog txawv teb chaws, tab sis kuj yog lwm hom lus, muaj tswv yim. Tus kws kho mob hlwb yav tom ntej pom nws tus kheej hauv cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb.
Cov kev kawm ntawm kev hlub ntawm zankov yog cov ntaub ntawv. Kev xav ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis tau ua haujlwm ntau npaum li tus kws qhia ntawv kev xa tawm, nws txoj kev txaus siab rau kev tsim cov tub ntxhais kawm. Yog li ntawd, kawm tiav los ntawm cov tub yees tes hauv 1916, Leonid xav txog tus kws qhia ntawv yav tom ntej. Thiab tam sim ntawd pom tau tias nws txoj kev xav tau - mus rau Turki, lub zos Tula cheeb tsam, thiab hais txog tsev kawm ntawv.
Xyoo 1919, Zankov thawj zaug ntsib nrog cov hluas nyuaj. Nws tau muab cov me nyuam ua liaj ua teb ntawm Tambov xeev, qhov chaw uas muaj kev faib khoom. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sim tiag kom tau rau lawv txaus siab, thiab kev txaus siab hauv kev kawm. Leonid tau ua tiav hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Xyoo 1920, nws tau pauv mus rau "Ostrovnya" pawg ntawm thaj chaw Moscow, uas nws tau ua haujlwm mus txog rau tus Moscow State University xyoo 1922.
Nyob rau hauv Moscow State University, Leonid Zankov tau ntsib nws tus cob qhia LVOM semenovich vygotsky. Nws tsuas yog 26 xyoo, thiab tus tub ntxhais kawm muaj 21 xyoos. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau paub txog, ua ke nkag siab cov hauv paus thiab cov ntsiab lus tob ntawm psychology. Kev tuag ntawm kev ua ke ntawm lub comrade xyoo 1934 Leonid Vladimirovich pom raws li tus kheej ploj.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws npliag siab ntiag tug muaj chaw rau cov poj niam uas ntxim hlub - tus poj niam Natalia Leonovau, tus uas tau ua tus pianist. Tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo kav muaj zog, muaj kev sib raug zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob hauv tsev, hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov txheeb ze, Leonid Vladimirovich tuaj yeem nrhiav kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.Anna Jospausna, ib tug pojniam hais meej, tus neeg hlub tus txij nkawm. Lub sijhawm nco qab ua tib zoo li cas nws tau sau nws nrog nws noj tshais thiab su, raws li tus kws kho tus kws kho tus kws kho tus kws kho tus kws kho hlwb. Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, pom hauv cov duab. Nws tau ua raws li nws lub luag haujlwm thiab kev txawj ntse conenuav ntawm leonid zankov - nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj tuaj ua haujlwm casually hnav ris tsho.
Kev tshawb fawb
Rau lub hom phiaj vim li cas, tus nqi ntawm fertility ntawm cov menyuam yaus nrog kev sib txawv hauv USSR tau siab. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb los tsim lub tswvyim tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob. Ntawm cov ncauj lus no, Leonid Zankov tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb.
Cov khoom ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tau xiam hlwb, lag ntseg, uas ntsiag to thiab nrog qib txo ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tom qab sib tham nrog lawv, cov neeg tsis txaus siab tau xaus lus tias nws tsis yooj yim sua kom qhia cov menyuam li ib txwm thiab tshwj xeeb: txhua tus menyuam xav tau kev paub zoo. Cov menyuam tshwj xeeb, saib cov phooj ywg ua tiav ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg, raug kaw thiab poob siab rau lawv tus kheej, ntxiv cov complexes sai dua.
Ua ntej leonid vladimirovich, ob peb tus neeg raug them lub hlwb rov qab. Nws yog nws leej twg sau thawj zaug ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho mob, uas tau qhia txog kev kawm, uas yog tsim nyog tsim kev faib tawm ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm lub hlwb rov qab. Tus kws kho mob hlwb tau txiav txim siab tias tseem ceeb heev, txij thaum muaj kev faib tawm ib txwm, tab sis pab pawg neeg tsis nyiam, thiab lag ntseg - hauv chav kawm ib txwm muaj.
Hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Leonid Zankov tsis haum qhov tseeb tias cov menyuam yaus nrog kev sib txawv hauv kev txhim kho lag luam lawv cov phooj ywg, lawv yuav tsum raug coj los lwm yam. Yog li, thaum kawm txog lub hlwb retarded menyuam, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntaub ntawv pom, vim tias nws nyob hauv daim teb no ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm.
Nws yog qhov tsis yog lub siab, tab sis lub psychology ntawm kev tu cov menyuam yaus nrog lav rau kev txhim kho tsis yog lub ntsiab kev ua tiav ntawm Leonid Vladimirovich. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm pedagogical uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus sau lub plawv tsis tau. Nyob rau xyoo 1960, nws tau kawm kom nquag ua thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Snan system yog txhua tus menyuam yog ib tug neeg. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev sib cais nruab nrab, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis muaj zog tsis tas yuav ua kom nruj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tau zoo heev. Txhua tus tuaj yeem ua pov thawj, yog tias koj tau txais kev paub hauv qhov chaw xis nyob thiab nrawm.
Leonid Zankov hais txog cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau muab sijhawm los nrhiav cov lus teb txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus nyuaj tshaj plaws, cia lawv ua yuam kev thiab tsis cem rau nws. Yuav tsis muaj kev paub txog kev paub, monotonously dictated los ntawm cov xib fwb ntawm phau ntawv nyeem. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv kawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia kev sib tham sib kawm - qhia cov kev tshawb fawb ntuj, thiab siv cov nkauj nkauj hauv tsev ua yeeb yam.
Ib tus neeg mus kom ze uas zoo li tsim nyog hauv lub xyoo pua XXI, tau suav tias yog qhov tshiab hauv USSR. Ntau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws kho hlwb thuam Leonid Vladimirovich. Yog li ntawd, tom qab nws tuag, lub didacicic system tau muab tshem tawm. Nws tau txais ua pa thib ob thaum xyoo 1996, los ua ib lub xeev par nrog cov ntsiab cai ntawm Daniel Elkonin thiab Vasily Davydov.
Mus txog xyoo 2014, txog 30% ntawm cov tsev kawm tau koom nyob rau hauv Sankov System, ces nws cov phau ntawv tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov npe pom zoo kom siv. Tab sis cov kws qhia ntawv uas xav txog cov kev mus kom raug, tseem qhia cov menyuam ntawm nws lub tswv yim ntawm lawv tus kheej peril thiab kev pheej hmoo. Zoo li cov neeg xav ua raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev kawm.
Kev tuag
Leonid Zankov chevetically hu rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tau ntshai ntawm kev kis mob. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua kom rov ua lub neej ntawm tsov Vygotsky, uas hlawv los ntawm tuberculosis.Leonid Vladimirovich cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1977. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag yog natural - tus kws npliag siab ntiag tug nyob rau 77 xyoo. Nws lub cev tau faus rau ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Moscow tojntxas (18th zajlus). Lub ntxa nrog Zankov faib nws tus txij nkawm. Anna Josephovna Malyuta tuag rau Lub Rau Hli 19, 1998.
Bibliography
- Xyoo 1935 - "Tseem Ceeb ntawm Psychology Kev Nyuaj Siab Rov Qab Tus Me Nyuam"
- Xyoo 1944 - "Schoolboy lub cim xeeb, nws lub siab ntsws thiab persevogy"
- Xyoo 1945 - "Cov teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus, nws qhov kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev ua phem"
- Xyoo 1949 - "Nco"
- Xyoo 1958 - "Ua ke ntawm cov lus ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab txoj kev pom ntawm kev kawm"
- 1960 - Txoj kev pom zoo thiab ua kom cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kev kawm "
- Xyoo 1962 - "Ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Donacticic"
- Xyoo 1963 - "ntawm kev kawm tseem ceeb"
- Xyoo 1968 - "Didactics thiab lub neej"
- Xyoo 1973 - "cov kev xaiv ib tus neeg rau kev txhim kho cov tub ntxhais hluas tsev kawm yau"
- Xyoo 1975 - "Sib tham nrog cov xibfwb"
- Xyoo 1975 - "Kev cob qhia thiab kev loj hlob"