Biography
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin yog ib tug statesman uas nkag mus rau hauv zaj dabneeg raws li cov thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia, raws li zoo raws li raws li ib tug radical reformer ntawm lub teb chaws.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Boris Nikolayevich yug rau lub ob hlis ntuj 1, 1931, nyob rau lub kos npe rau ntawm lub zodiac - Aquarius. Nws yog ib tug ua tau los ntawm ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm tsev neeg, Lavxias teb sab los ntawm haiv neeg. Nws txiv Nikolai Ignatievich twb koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, thiab Niam Claudia Vasilyevna yog ib tug dressmaker. Txij li thaum sai tom qab yug me nyuam ntawm Boris, nws txiv tau repressed, ib tug me nyuam tub nrog niam thiab Tij Laug Mikhail nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Berezniki Perm cheeb tsam.
Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub neej yav tom ntej tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Yeltsin kawm tsis yog phem, yog ib tug laus uas muaj hnub nyoog thiab cov chav kawm ntawv activist. Nyob rau hauv lub xya qib, cov tub hluas yog tsis ntshai los mus tiv thaiv cov chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv uas tsa nws ob txhais tes rau cov thwjtim thiab yuam mus ua hauj lwm tawm phem tias nyob rau hauv nws lub vaj. Vim hais tias ntawm no, Boris twb cais tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib tug heev phem yam ntxwv, tab sis tus txiv leej tub tig mus rau tus Gorka Komsomol thiab tiav kev ncaj ncees. Tom qab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kom loj hlob, Boris Yeltsin ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub Ural Polytechnic lub koom haum, qhov twg nws tiav los ntawm qhov kev siv kws qhia ntawv.
Vim hais tias ntawm tus me nyuam raug mob, Boris Nikolayevich Corporate ob tug ntiv tes rau nws txhais tes, nws thiaj li tsis hu rau nws cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov tub rog. Tab sis qhov no tsis muaj peev xwm tsis tiv thaiv Boris rau cov hluas mus ua si ntaus pob, dhau cov qauv rau lub title "Master ntawm kev ua si" thiab ua si hauv lub teb chaws pab neeg ntawm Yekaterinburg. Tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv Yeltsin tau txais mus rau hauv lub Trust "Uraltyazhtrustroy". Txawm tias kev kawm ntawv tso cai tam sim ntawd coj ib tug coj qhov chaw, nws nyiam lug tau sai dlua cov ua hauj lwm professions thawj thiab qho ua hauj lwm rau ib tug joiner, ib tug malarier, ib tug vaj tse, ib tug kws ntoo, ib tug bricklayer, ib tug glassmaster, ib tug plaster thiab ib tug crane tsav tsheb.
Ib tug tub hluas kws paub ob xyoos tau raug xa mus rau lub project ntawm qhov kev siv department, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab-1960s, cov Sverdlovsk tsev-tsev nroj tsuag twb twb taws. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin pib txhawb cov neeg sab nrauv staircase. Thaum xub thawj, nws ua ib tug delegate mus rau lub nroog lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Communist tog, ces tus thawj tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Sverdlovsk Committee ntawm lub CPSU, thiab los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub 80s - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub tog.
Txoj num
Cov successes ntawm Boris Yeltsin li secretary ntawm lub regional pawg neeg tau muab sau raws li cov kev taw qhia thiab cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws kev saib xyuas, tus khiav ua tau ntawm Yekaterinburg thiab Serov, ua liaj ua teb tsim, raws li zoo raws li qhov kev siv ntawm thaj vaj tse thiab muaj ceg. Tom qab koj tsiv mus Moscow, Boris Nikolaevich daws siv tej teeb meem twb nyob rau hauv Tag nrho cov-Union theem. Nws lub zog thiab active style ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tsa lub koob meej ntawm lub statesman nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm Muscovites. Tab sis cov neeg sab nrauv sab saum toj rau Yeltsin reacted nrog prejudice thiab txawm mus rau ib co raws li tiv thaiv tau nws endeavors.Cov charter los ntawm mus tas li confrontation, Boris Yeltsin hais nyob rau ntawm lub xyoo 1987 tog Plenum thiab thuam ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nom uas, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, tub ceevxwm lub restructuring ntawm Mikhail Gorbachev. Cov nom tswv lub tshuaj tiv thaiv yog twv yuav raug hu tsis zoo, uas coj mus rau lub resignation ntawm tus neeg rau tab qhia nws lub tswv yim kev cai thiab cov kev hloov ntawm nws mus rau tus ncej ntawm Deputy Chairman ntawm lub USSR State tsev. Gorbachev laj mej pej xeem hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nyob rau hauv Yeltsin cov kev cai. Tab sis lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj tsis tau tau txiav txim siab hais tias Opal Boris Nikolayevich yuav ua rau lub zoo kawg li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws txoj cai los ntawm cov neeg. Thaum Boris Yeltsin yog khiav mus rau hauv deputies nyob rau hauv lub Moscow koog tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1989, nws gains tshaj 90% ntawm lub pov npav. Tom qab ntawd, cov politician yuav tsum yog tus chairman ntawm lub Supreme Council thiab cov thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub RSFSR.
Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia
Thaum twg, nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 19, 1991, cov USSR los twb sim mus rau lub xeev coup, paub hnub no raws li lub "Lub yim hli ntuj Patch", Mikhail Gorbachev twb muab tshem tawm, thiab cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes coj lub xeev Committee on Emergency cai. Boris Yeltsin sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov neeg uas tau tawm tsam illegally txeeb lub Brazdes ntawm lub Board, saws decisive thiab yog ua thiab rhuav tshem cov kev pab them nqi ntawm cov GCCP. Raws li yog tsis ua ntawv thov rau cov khub pej xeem mus rau lub ntxiv ua ub no ntawm Yeltsin, nws yog nws leej twg muaj kev tswj los mus tiv thaiv lub teb chaws los ntawm ib tug ua tau civil tsov rog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin taws thawj tsoom fwv ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm kos npe rau Belovezhskaya Daim ntawv cog lus rau lub liquidation ntawm lub USSR.
Thawj lub xyoo ntawm tus muaj zog yog hnyav rau Russia. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov tshwm sim rau lub civil tsov rog sawv, nws yog tsim nyog mus rau chaw uasi mus rau lub xov xwm ntawm lub "Public accord Treaty", thiab cov me nyuam los tu ntawm tus tshiab Constitution pab qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv zej zog. Lub ntsiab rho tawm ntawm tus thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia yog lub assumption ntawm armed kev ua nyob rau hauv Chechnya, uas coj mus rau ib tug ntev kev tsov kev rog. Nws sim kom tsis txhob ua tsov ua rog, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg, lo lus nug no yog solved tsuas los ntawm Vladimir Putin nyob rau hauv 2001. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem no, lub taub hau ua es rov ntawm lub txee ntawm Ministers thiab kos npe rau ib series ntawm sib aimed ntawm kho nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag.
Hauv txoj cai txawv teb chaws, Boris Yeltsin yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tebchaws Western, nrog rau kev tsim cov lus sib tham nrog lub sijhawm Socialist. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation pom zoo qhov kev tso kawm ntawm NATO bases nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, lub Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia, tsis suav no kev hem thawj rau Russia. Nws kuj tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshem riam phom ntawm Lavxias nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas lub nroog. Nrog Bill Clinton, nws txoj kev phooj ywg tau txuam nrog. Ntau lub sijhawm funny uas tau sau tseg hauv video thiab cov duab tau coj nrog yeltsin ntawm cov rooj sib tham nrog US Thawj Tswj Hwm. Nov yog rooj plaub no nrog cov lus tsis raug ntawm cov lus ntawm Boris Nikolayevich, thiab kev ua si leisure.
Boris Yeltsin tau txawv los ntawm kev ci ntsa iab, muaj zog thiab qee zaum tsis muaj peev xwm. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Lavxias tau xav txog nws tus kheej hauv pej xeem, qee zaum kev ceeb toom cov tam sim no. Feem ntau, cov kev coj ua no muaj kev qaug cawv, uas tau raug rau Yeltsin. Tab sis cov rooj sib tham nrog cov phooj ywg boris, nyob rau hauv uas boris nikolayevich seev cev los yog tso dag, ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis muaj qhov phem tshaj li kev ua.
Yog li tau tshwm sim hauv kev xaiv tsa ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev ntawm 1996. Boris Yeltsin tsis tau npaj koom nrog hauv lawv, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem cia cov koom ua Communist los yeej xwb. Txoj haujlwm kev npaj khomob nrog cov lus pov thawj "VOTE, lossis poob" tau tso tawm, thaum uas Yeltsin tau mus ntsib ntau lub nroog Russia. Ua ke nrog nws, tus yeeb yam-ua lag ua luam nuj nqis nyob rau hauv koom ntxhov siab: Igor Nikolaev, Irina Allegrova, Leonid Agutin, Lyudmila Gurchenko, Teiffe pawg, "Tsheb txiv neej", "Dune", "Agatha Christie" thiab lwm tus neeg. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm tus prisp phiaj los nqis tes, cov qauv ntawm kev xaiv tsa kev xaiv tsa ntawm Bill Clinton "xaiv, lossis poob".
Nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv, Yeltsin txoj kev ntsuam xyuas sawv los ntawm 3-6% rau 35% uas tau pom zoo rau nws hauv thawj puag ncig. Vim tias lub nra hnyav tom qab thawj theem ntawm kev pov npav, Boris Yeltsin dim lub plawv nres. Boris Nikolayevich kev noj qab haus huv tsis pub nws mus pov npav rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv Moscow. Nws muab nws lub suab rau ntawm txoj kev thib ob hauv sanatorium hauv barvikha.
Hauv kev xaiv tsa hauv xyoo 1996, tam sim no tus thawj tswj hwm yeej tau yeej lub ntsiab tus neeg sib tw Gennady Zyuganov. Tom qab qhov kev ua yeeb yam, uas tsis raug caw los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yog ib nrab ntawm Boris Yeltsin tuag nyob hauv zej zog thiab kev hloov ntawm nws ntxaib. Cov neeg tshaj tawm Yuri mukhin sib cav tias cov tswj hwm uas dhau los tom qab lub plawv nres, uas los ua rau yeltsin lub tsib. Phau ntawv "Txoj Cai ntawm Yeltsin" tau tawm ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Nyob rau hauv 1998, tus Thawj Tub Ceev AI Sali muaj los ua ib tug commission mus soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv no nyob rau hauv lub State Duma, nws kuj muab ib tug ob peb pov thawj rau lub liam txhaum General lub chaw ua hauj "... ib tug tsausmuag txoj cai ntawm lub hwj chim" (Art. 278 ntawm lub txim txhaum Code ntawm Lavxias Federation) ntawm ib feem ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm Yeltsin. Tab sis cov theories no tsis pom kev pom zoo hauv lub neej.
Tom qab xaiv tsa, tus thawj coj tsom ntsoov rau kev ruaj khov ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab tus kheej kheej. Rau qhov no, xya txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau tsim tawm, thaum tsoomfwv tau ua txhaum cai rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov txhab nyiaj txiag thiab cov neeg ua lag luam, kom ua rau cov neeg ua lag luam me. Raws li ib qho ntawm theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nws tsim nyog xav txog cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm tsoomfwv Viktor Chernomyrdin, los hloov cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab nquag hloov rau Sergeey Kiriyenko. Tom qab nws, txoj hauj lwm ntawm Prime Minister tau tuav los ntawm Oppeny Primeakov, Sirgey Stepashin thiab Vladimir Putin.
Ntawm Boris Yeltsin nws tus kheej, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb heev tau cuam tshuam qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws yuav tsum ua rau lub siab tawv. Kuv tsis tau txhim kho txoj kev xav ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm thiab xyoo 2006 nyiaj txiag teebmeem, uas tau dhau los muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau Lavxias tshaj li kev ua yuam kev ntiaj teb, ua yuam kev loj thiab miscalculations tau mus rau saum npoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev saib tsis taus ntau ntawm lub rhuav, tsis ua haujlwm thiab lub txhab nyiaj qhuav dej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev sib hwm ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm kev ua lag luam nrog kev tsim khoom, uas ib txwm mus rau sab tes ua tiav.
Boris Yeltsin tseem nyob ntawm lub kauj tsheb ntawm Russia kom txog thaum hnub kawg ntawm 20 xyoo, thiab thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1999 tshaj tawm nws cov ntawv tawm haujlwm. Boris Yeltsin tau thov kev zam txim los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab hais tias nws muaj "aggregate ntawm txhua yam teeb meem", thiab tsis yog vim kev noj qab haus huv. Cov lus muaj suab npe hu ua "Kuv nkees, Kuv tawm mus", vim Boris Nikolayevich, tsis sib haum rau kev muaj tiag.
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tawm haujlwm ntawm Yeltsin, 67 ntawm cov pej xeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws, tus thawj coj uas liam txog kev rhuav tshem ntawm Russia thiab txhawb nqa liberals rau lub hwj chim. Txhawb nqa yeltsin thaum lub sijhawm ntawd 15%. Tab sis cov kws tshawb nrhiav thiab cov nom tswv kwv yees xyoo ntawm tus thawj coj kav lub xyoo ntawm no era - kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev tsim kho ntawm zej zog.
Tom qab Boris Yeltsin tawm hauv pawg thawj tswj hwm los ntawm nws tus ncej, nws txuas ntxiv koom nrog cov pej xeem lub neej ntawm lub tebchaws. Xyoo 2000, nws tsim lub hauv paus kev siab hlub, ib txwm tuaj xyuas CIS lub xeev. Xyoo 2004, yav dhau los lub taub hau ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm, Koris Yeltsin: Los ntawm cov lus kaj siab los ntawm cov lus qhia txog cov lus tseeb ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Boris Yeltsin lub neej tus kheej tau hloov pauv thaum nws tseem kawm ntawm Polytechnic Institute. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, nws tau ntsib lub naine girin, uas nws tau sib yuav tam sim tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv xaus. Thaum yug los, tus ntxhais tau txais lub npe Anastasia, tab sis nyob rau hauv twb muaj hnub nyoog uas nws hloov nws rau Naine, zoo li nws tau hu ua hauv tsev neeg. Boris Yeltsin tus poj niam ua haujlwm ua tus thawj tswj haujlwm ntawm Vodokanic lub koom haum.Cov kab tshoob ntawm cov plaub Yeltsin coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus collective teb nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ISTI nyob rau hauv 1956, thiab ib xyoos tom qab tsev neeg tau Iwj nrog tus ntxhais Elena. Peb xyoos tom qab, Boris thiab Naina dua los ua niam txiv, lawv muaj ib tug hluas ntxhais Tatyana. Tom qab ntawd, nws tus ntxhais tau qhia rau cov thawj tswj hwm rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Boris Yeltsin Jr. ua nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, uas nyob rau ib lub sij hawm yog tus thawj coj ntawm marketing ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab neeg "Formula 1". Thiab nws tus tij laug Gleb, yug nrog Down Syndrome, nyob rau hauv 2015 los ua European ua luam dej yeej cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis taus.
Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv, Boris Nikolayevich muab nws tus kheej vim nws tus txij nkawm, txhua lub sij hawm hais txog nws tu thiab kev pab txhawb nqa. Tab sis ib co neeg sau xov xwm, xws li Mikhail Poltoranin, sib cav hais tias Naina Yeltsin yog tsis yog ncaj ncees them nyiaj yug rau tus thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia, tab sis kuj los cov neeg ua txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj ua.
Kev tuag
Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub neej, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system. Nws tseem yog tsis muaj daim card tias nws tau raug mob alcoholism. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2007, lub yav tas tus thawj tswj hwm vim teeb meem tom qab ib tug kab mob twb pw nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. Raws li cov kws kho mob, nws lub neej tsis hem tsis muaj dab tsi, tus kab mob no tau muaj predictably. Cuaj kaum, 12 hnub tom qab pw tsev kho mob, Boris Yeltsin tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug central soj ntsuam lub tsev kho mob. Tuag tau tuaj rau lub Plaub Hlis 23, 2007.
Cov hauj lwm ua kom tuag no yog hu ua ib tug lub plawv nres raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ua txhaum ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hauv nruab nrog cev. Kuv faus Yeltsin nrog tub rog Tib neeg nyob rau Novodevichy Cemetery, thiab txoj kev pam tuag txheej txheem tau tshaj tawm hauv xov nyob rau ntawm tag nrho cov xeev TV raws. Lub ntxa ntawm Boris Yeltsin muaj ib tug tombstone monument. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pob tsuas xim nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub teb chaws tus chij.
Rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm Boris Yeltsin nyob rau hauv 2011, documentaries "Boris Yeltsin tau muab. Lub neej thiab txoj hmoo "thiab" Boris Yeltsin. Tus thawj ", nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub puas ntawm lub contemporaries ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg ntawm kev sib tham nrog Yeltsin lawv tus kheej tau hais.
Yam nco txog
- 2008 - Lub ntsiab txoj kev ntawm lub lag luam chaw ntawm Yekaterinburg-City, Txoj kev Lub ib hlis ntuj 9 nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg twb renamed Boris Yeltsin
- 2008 - Ib tug tseem ceeb qhib ceremony ntawm lub monument rau Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy Cemetery
- 2008 - Ural State Kev University (UPI) luag muab rau Boris Yeltsin lub npe
- 2009 - Lub B. N. Yeltsin thawj tswj tsev qiv ntawv twb qhib nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg
- 2011 - Monument twb qhib nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub 80th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Boris Yeltsin
- 2015 - Medal Center Boris Yeltsin qhib nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg