Biography
Tikhon Khrennikov - cov kws sau paj nruag soviet, cov nkauj, Laureate ntawm cov teeb tsa kev txiav txim, Lub taub hau ntawm tus kws sau ntawv koom nrog xyoo 1948 txog 1991. Tus sau zaj nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Pinag thiab tus tswv yug yaj", "Hussar Ballad", "thaum rau teev nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj tom qab tsov rog."Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Tikhon Nikolayevich Khrennikov Qws los ntawm lub nroog Elts Orlovskaya, uas nws tau yug rau Lub Rau Hli 10, 1913. Tus tub hluas los ua ib tug menyuam nyob hauv tsev neeg ntawm Nikolai Nikolayevich, cov tub lag luam Barrerk, thiab Houswives Barbara Vasilyevna.
Txhua tus niam txiv txuag cov niam txiv tau nqis tes nyob hauv lawv cov menyuam, tshwj xeeb hauv lawv txoj kev kawm. Saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau cov nkauj: Txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg tau ua si lub guitar, hu nkauj hauv tsev kawm ntawv chore, thiab thaum muaj 9 xyoo kawm ua si piano.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13, ib tug tub hluas muaj peev xwm tsim thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tsiv mus rau cov yeeb yam, WSS thiab Marches. Ib xyoos tom qab, Tikhon tau txais kev sab laj los ntawm Mikhil Gnesin. Maestro pom zoo tus tub kom kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv thiab tom qab pib kawm nkauj nyob rau hauv lub peev. Twb ces lub voj voos ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm Tikhon tau tsim. Lawv los ua Johann Sebastian Bach, Peter Tchakovsky thiab niaj hnub Khrennikov - SARGE PROUNKOFIEV.
Khrennikov yeej Council thiab xyoo 1929 nws nkag mus hauv tsev kawm txuj ci, qhov chaw uas nws tau koom nrog hauv E. Gelman, thiab hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib xyaw - M. F. Gnesina. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Gnesinka, lub tshuab raj muaj txuj ci tau txais los ntawm cov kev tuav ntawm Vissarion, qhov chaw uas nws kawm ntawm Vissarion SheBalina thiab Heinrich Nigauz txog 1936. Ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm, tau pib ua haujlwm nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm Moscow Cov Menyuam Txoj Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, uas Led Natalia satts.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm kev kawm, Tikhon Krrennikov qhia rau cov tsev hais plaub mus rau lub tsev hais plaub ua ntej. Cov haujlwm tau nrov nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Soviet Union, tom qab nws tau suav nrog tus neeg ua si ntawm Asmeskas ntawm Ukraine thiab Yujina Ormandi.
Symphony thiab tau dhau los ua haujlwm tiav ntawm cov tshuab raj. Ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Khrennikov yog hais txog rooj plaub uas tau tshwm sim rau kev xeem zaum kawg. Tsuas yog tus neeg tsav tsheb tsuas yog tus neeg tsav tsheb tau nrov thaum lub sij hawm tus coloser Mark "Zoo," tau ua lub luag haujlwm Prokiamans Commission. Txij li thaum xub thawj Tikhon Khrennikov Khrennikov tau cia siab nyob rau daim diploma liab, ces xiav nws cia li tsis mus. Tom qab ib lub sijhawm, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb tau hloov pauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov nyiaj los ntawm cov Commission thiab tau tshaj tawm cov tub kawm tiav nrog cov honors.
Zaj nkauj
Pib txij thaum nruab nrab-30s ntawm Khrennikov - cov kws composer nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nws sau suab paj nruag, qhia thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj, tau paub hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws.
Thawj xyoo ntawm cov kev ua ub no ntawm Krrennikov tau cim los ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj rau piano nrog rau wakhtesas rau cov nkauj viecin thiab coro, pieces rau piano. Romances tshwm sim rau cov nqe ntawm Alexander Laub thiab nqe Sergey Adialin "Birch".
Thawj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tikhon Khrennikov tau dhau los ua tus Opera "hauv cua daj cua dub", uas pom lub teeb hauv 1939. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb tias thawj zaug ntawm Opera Scene, daim duab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb proletariat ntawm Vladimir Lenin tshwm sim.
Hauv kev ua tsov rog, Tikhon Krrennikov them siab rau kev tsim cov nkauj Moscow "yog teev," Serenada "," Farewell "," Xyoo Tshiab zaj nkauj ". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thib ob symphony tshwm, uas yog keeb kwm xeeb los ua cov hluas zaj nkauj, tab sis kev ua rog tau hloov kho. Thawj thawj zaug, cov xov tooj cua hloov pauv ntawm txhua lub xov tooj cua thoob plaws xyoo 1944 ua los ntawm cov Orchestra Loj hauv qab ntawm kev tswj Nikolai Golotanov.
Kev muaj tswv yim Tikhon Hrrendnikova yog qhov qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws, cov ntsuj plig thiab txoj hmoo ntawm nws cov pej xeem. Kev daws teeb meem, uas yog tus kws sau npe, tus kws tsim xees tuav txoj kev ntseeg ci ntsa iab, cov thawj coj tau cog lus rau cov neeg Soviet. Nws lub suab seev yog impregnated nrog lub teeb kev ua tau zoo, nws yog zoo li kev vam meej ntawm kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg dog dig.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub neej ntev ntawm Hrennikov tau cuam tshuam nrog nws cov haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm Union ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. Nws tau nyob ntawm ntau cov rooj sib tham, uas cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tswv yim neeg tuag, thiab Tikhon cov khoom plig rau cov suab paj nruag thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Ntau liam Tikhon Nikolayevich hauv kev hloov kho Stalinist txoj kev hloov kho, hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm lawv tus kheej cov koom nrog thiab cov kws qhia ntawv: Protostakovich, shostakovich, khab phais. Composers-avant-gardeists yog tom qab kev tsim txom, uas tsis haum rau lub tswvyim ntawm "ci ci conclism".
Nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib tham, tikhon Khrennikov refutes qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm stalin, tab sis tsis yog Communist Eideology. Nws ua tsaug rau kev ntseeg tias Soviet Art Saves "cov ntshav tsawg", thiab yeej cov suab paj nruag uas tau cuam tshuam rau tus thawj coj thiab tsoomfwv. Tab sis cov composer nws tus kheej tau los ua kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov npoj yaig. Cov ntsiab lus Satirer tau tsim rau nws, thiab cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau tau dhau los ua cov uas tikhon Khrennikov tau tiv thaiv yav dhau los.
Nyob rau hauv Arsenal Tikhon Nikolayevich muaj ntau yam khoom plig thiab cov npe, suav nrog peb tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm RSFSR thiab USSR, ntau yam ntawm lwm lub npe thiab cov khoom plig.
Khrennikov sau nkauj rau peb caug cov yeeb yaj kiab. Ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nrov, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tikhon Khrennikov yog lub suab, "tus tswv yug yaj", "thaum rau 6 teev tsaus ntuj," "lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau sab hnub tuaj." Lub suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tau siv nyob rau hauv kev lom zem ntawm Eldar Ryazanov "Hussarskaya Ballad" nrog Larisa Bulisk thiab Yuri Yuri Yakovlev hauv lub luag haujlwm siab. Overture tau nrov rau DuenÄya zaj duab xis.
Nyob rau hauv 70s, tus kws sau ua ke tsim cov lej ntawm cov pob. Nov yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm "kev hlub rau kev hlub", "Hussarskaya Ballad", tsim rau cov khoom siv suab paj nruas uas twb paub suab paj nruag.
Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau tawm hnub kawg. Hauv 2000, Tikhon Khrennikov kaw ib qho xov tooj, pieces rau piano, Waltz "Tatianin Hnub" rau cov nkauj nkauj. Ntawm qhov tseeb ua haujlwm yog nkauj rau cov tub rog taug txuj kev nyuaj "Ob tug comrades" thiab koob "Moscow qhov rai".
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Tus kheej lub neej ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tau tshwm sim yuav luag zoo li nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim. Tikhon Khrennikov tseem tseem yuav ntseeg tus poj niam nkaus xwb, uas nws nyob 67 xyoo, txawm tias nws ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov kiv cua. Clara tau ua haujlwm ua tus kws sau xov xwm ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov zej zog ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntsib nrog Tikhon, nws tau sib yuav, nws yog laus dua tus txij nkawm yav tom ntej rau 4 xyoos. Tau ntev heev, tus ntxhais tsis pom zoo los sib nrauj nrog tus txiv yav dhau los, tab sis tus neeg sau npe tsis tau tso tseg.
Tsim cov suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Shakespeare ua si, qhov kev sib hlub "zoo li Nightingale txog Rose" Tikhon tau mob siab rau yav tom ntej tus txij nkawm. Mloog rau txoj haujlwm, Clara tseem tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab, thiab tus hlub yuav luag sib cav. Nyob rau tib yav tsaus ntuj, Khrennikov reedwrote txoj kev ua si dua kom nws tau txais ib qho txuj ci.
Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov kev xav ntawm koj tus hlub, Tasily Khrovyov-Grey thiab Ivan Derzhinsky ua si ntawm Clara of Clara thiab nws tus txiv Boris. Comrades Tikhon muab tso rau hauv lub rooj zaum tom qab ntawm lub tsheb thiab maj mus rau hauv ib lub tsev nrog qw tias tus kws sau tseg. Tus ntxhais khiav tawm ntawm txoj kev nrog cov lus "Tishhenka, uas nyiam tshaj plaws", tsis mloog nws tus txiv thiab tus niam tais.
Tom qab lub tshoob nyob rau xyoo 1940, tus ntxhais hluas Natalia yug los. Tom qab ntawd, tus ntxhais tau txais kev kawm kos duab, tau txais txoj haujlwm hauv Chamber Theatre Boris Pokrovsky, sib yuav igor Kocareva. Tus tub yug tus tub Andrei, uas tau kawm tiav tom qab tsawg dua MGIMO.
Tus xeeb ntxwv ntawm Tikhon Khrennikov tau los ua tus tsim lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub npe. Andrei Kokarev Tso tawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tikhon Khrennikov, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj nrog cov nkauj uas ua tiav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm Andrei yog phau ntawv hais txog lub neej ntawm yawg, uas tsis tshua muaj duab hauv tsev neeg ntawm Krarennikov poob.
Plaub tus me nyuam tau yug los hauv tsev neeg Andrei - Neeg Laus Victoria thiab Tikhon, Hluas Arina thiab Artem. Tikhon los ua tus ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua suab paj nruas sib tw tso nws tus yawg koob zoo. Tus txiv neej hluas mastered cov kws coloser. Nws kawm tiav txij xyoo 2012 mus rau tus moscow conservatory nrog kev hwm ntawm kev hwm, ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo. Hauv kev nco ntawm tus yawm txiv-yawg, Tikhon sau ua si rau lub coro "tsis mus ib txhis".
Kev tuag
Tikhon Nikolayevich tuag hauv Moscow xyoo 2007, tom qab kev mob luv luv. Lub ntees tuag tau tuav hauv Natal yel, lub ntxa yog nyob hauv lub loog ntawm lub tsev uas nws niam nws txiv nyob.
Ib xyoos tom qab, ib lub monument tau tsim nyob hauv lub hometown ntawm tus neeg sau npe.
Ua hauj lwm
- Xyoo 1933 - Rau Piano nrog Orchestra Tus lej 1
- 1935 - Tus lej xov tooj 1
- Xyoo 1939 - Opera "hauv cua daj cua dub"
- Xyoo 1944 - Tus lej Symphony 2
- 1954 - song "Songs" Nkoj "," Peb yuav qhia koj "," uas yog lub siab muaj kev sib tw "(tag nrho ntawm SL. M. L. MATUSOVSKY)
- Xyoo 1957 - Niam Opera
- 1959 - Rau Violin nrog Orchestra Tus lej 1
- 1960 - Moscow Windows (Sl. M. L. Matusovsky)
- Xyoo 1964 - Rau cello nrog Orchestra Tus lej 1
- Xyoo 1974 - Tus lej Symphony 3
- Xyoo 1976 - Ballet "Hlub Rau Kev Hlub"
- Xyoo 1983 - Opera "Dorotica"
- Xyoo 1988 - Opera "Naked King"
- Xyoo 1999 - "Tus Thawj Tub Rog tus ntxhais"