Biography
Vladimir Ivanovich VernadSky - tus kws paub txog kev paub, kev paub, cov kws tshaj lij, kev qhia paub txog lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev paub, cov tswv yim thiab pej xeem.
Lub neej yav tom ntej yug xyoo 1863 hauv St. Petersburg, hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig. Grandfall Vladimir, Vasily Ivanovich VernadSky, koom nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm Alps ua tub rog ua tub rog, uas nws tau ua rau lub npe zoo tshaj plaws.
Vladimir txiv, Ivan Vasilyevich, uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm hauv nroog, tau yug los hauv chav tsev kawm hauv zos, thiab hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv - Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab sib yuav rau Mary, tus ntxhais tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws ua lag luam Nikolai Shigayeva, sib koom ua ke rau Moscow, uas nws nyeem cov lus qhia rau cov txheeb cais thiab kev lag luam nom tswv.
Tom qab txav mus rau St. Petersburg, Vernadsky yug tau tus tub Nikolai, tus tij laug Vladimir. Maria Nikolaevna poob dheev kaum xyoo tom qab lub tshoob, tawm ntawm tus poj niam tus poj ntsuam nrog ib tug menyuam yaus nyob hauv nws txhais tes. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, Ivan Vasilyevich tau sib yuav ntawm tus txiv nus ntawm tus poj niam uas ntxim hlub, Anne Petrovna coj lub neej mus rau yav tom ntej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo.
Thaum Volodya muaj tsib xyoos, VernadSky tau tsiv los ntawm St. Petersburg mus rau St. Petherburg mus rau St. Petherburg mus rau ntawm St. Petark Hauv Kharkov, Vladimir nkag mus hauv chav ua si hauv zos, qhov chaw uas nws kawm tau ob xyoos. Xyoo 1876, VernadSky rov qab los rau St. Petersburg, thiab tus tub hluas txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv thawj hom Gymbolitanium.
Cov kev kawm tau los ntawm Vernadsky hauv St. Petersburg Gymasium tau ci ntsa iab txawm tias rau peb lub sijhawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab tias cov kawm tiav thiab ua kom meej meej rau peb hom lus, thiab nyeem ntawv rau kaum tsib, suav nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv science thiab lectures txawv teb chaws. Hauv chav kis las, Vladimir Ivanovich, Aza ntawm tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm Lavxias cosmism, cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm uas VernadSky tau nyob rau hauv neeg laus.
Biology thiab Lwm Yam Kev Sciences
Xyoo 1881, Vernadsky nkag mus rau ceg ntuj ntawm Fizman ntawm St. Petersburg University. Cov naiskhu ntawm cov txiv neej txawj ntse yog Basketov, Mendeleev, Doypausev, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xaus. Dokuchaev, raws li lub taub hau ntawm cov ceg ntuj, uas tau kawm thiab tiv thaiv cov lus tsis zoo thiab tiv thaiv nws pawg ntseeg txoj haujlwm ntawm tus txee ntawm cov txee ntawm cov txee ntawm cov txee ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov zaub mov.
Xyoo 1888, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas tau mus rau Tebchaws Europe ua haujlwm. Thaum pib, nws tau xyaum ua hauv crystallography hauv Munich, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Paris, mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tsev kawm qib siab. Ob xyoos tom qab, thaum rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, Vernadsky tau tsa lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw haujlwm hauv lub tuam txhab Hatalogy ntawm Moscow University.
Vladimir Ivanovich ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv cov lus ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Xyoo 1891, ib tug kws tshawb fawb hluas tiv thaiv hluas uas tau tiv thaiv hluas uas tau tiv thaiv hluas, thiab xyoo 1897 nws yog kws kho mob thiab yog tus kws kho mob thiab xibfwb Meej. Thaum tawg ntawm ob qho kev qhia tawm, Vernadsky taug kev ntau. Nrog kev ua txuj ci kev tshawb fawb, nws tau mus ncig teb chaws Russia, Europe, ua cov kev tshawb fawb geological.
Xyoo 1909, ntawm XII Congress ntawm ntuj resistors, Vladimir Ivanovich nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm cov zaub mov hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshiab - Geochemistry. Thaum lub sijhawm qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow University, xibfwb tuav ib txoj haujlwm colossal los ntawm kev hloov lub tswv yim ntawm Mineralogy uas muaj txog thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Tus kws tshawb fawb cais cov ntxhia pob zeb ntawm crystallography, khi thawj zaug kev kawm nrog kev ua lej thiab physics, thiab qhov thib ob - nrog rau lub ntiaj teb kev ua kaub puab thiab geology.
Ib txhij nrog kev ua haujlwm tshiab hauv thaj teb ntawm cov mineralogy, lub Vernadsky tuaj ze ntawm Geochemison coj nws mus pib ntawm biiochemistry. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg muaj kev xav tsis thoob li ntawm cov ntsiab lus, keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias kev tshawb fawb thiab muaj kev koom tes nrog lub teb chaws thiab lub neej ntawm lub tebchaws qib siab.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, tus kws tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua cov lus qhia St. Petersburg Kev Tshawb Fawb, mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej Mineralogical. Tus xibhwb nyob rau xyoo 1909 tsim cov neeg tshawb nrhiav xov tooj cua rau cov minerals, thiab nws tus kheej koom nrog cov kev coj ua no, raws li pov thawj los ntawm cov duab archival. Xyoo 1915, Vernadsky npaj txoj hauj lwm (CPS), uas nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog kawm rau lub teb chaws cov khoom siv raw khoom, suav nrog cov zaub mov raw cov khoom siv.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Vernadsky pab npaj chav noj mov dawb, tau raug xaiv los ua haujlwm ntawm Cov Thawj Coj ntawm Zemsi, thiab tom qab Ministry of Unlightenment nyob rau hauv ib ntus Tsoomfwv tau mus.
Txog rau xyoo 1919, tus xibfwb qhia txog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cadet, ua raws li kev ywj pheej-kev ywj pheej views. Hauv cov av no nws yuav tsum tawm Russia tom qab xyoo 1917. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1918, Vernadsky tsiv mus rau Ukraine, qhov chaw uas nws txhim kho thiab tau hais rau Geophemistry ntawm TavRiche University of Crimea.
Xyoo 1921, Vernadsky rov qab mus rau PetrroGrad. Vladimir Ivanovich muab rau lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Meteror ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv cov av khaws cia thiab npaj ib qho chaw so rau qhov chaw poob ntawm Tungusian Meteorite. Zoo li lub neej tau txhim kho, thiab tus kws tshawb fawb yuav muaj peev xwm los zwm rau kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Vernadsky raug ntes thiab liam tias espenusage, tab sis tom qab ntawd tso tawm ua tsaug rau totegrams nrog Lenin thiab Lunacarsky.
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm 1922 txog 1926, xibfwb nyeem cov lus qhuab qhia hauv Fabkis, ntawm University of Paris, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Prague. Lub sijhawm no, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm los npaj cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv:
- "Geopemistry";
- "Nyob rau hauv biosphere";
- "Auto tib neeg."
Xyoo 1926, rov qab mus rau Leningrad, tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub xov tooj cua, thiab xyoo 1928 - ib qho chaw kuaj xyuas tshiab biegeochemical. Hauv cov xyoo sib txawv, Vernadsky taws cov zej zog scientific muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua yeeb yam nyob mus ib txhis, cov dej hauv av, cov dej hnyav. Xyoo 1940, The Initistian tau tawm hauv Uranium Commission, qhov tseeb, los ua tus tsim ntawm Nuclear Program ntawm Soviet Union.
Muaj Xov Xwm
Raws li Vernadsky, cov biosphere yog qhov siv tau, kev tsim kho tus kheej thiab kev tsim kho. Nws lub koom haum yog vim tsiv teb tsaws chaw ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau pom los ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej, lub zog ntawm lub hnub. Ib lub ntiaj chaw ib puag ncig ib puag ncig muaj cov biosphere nrog rau lwm cov geamogram.
Maj mam, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj rau qhov tsim qauv thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub tswv yim, raws li hloov kho ntawm tib neeg kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov biosphere. Vernadsky ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes ntse tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg, tsis yog rau kev txaus siab thiab kev sib raug zoo thiab kev saib xyuas lub ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Ntawm noob neej yav tom ntej pom tus kws tshawb fawb hauv kev muaj peev xwm ua tau pej xeem pej xeem thiab lub neej, raws li kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. Ib tug neeg hloov thaj av, coj los ntawm cov cai ntawm Biospheres, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua tus Geospheres, qhov chaw organic, sib xyaw ua ke thiab ua kom muaj nyob hauv qhov nosisphere.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Xyoo 1886, Vernadsky khi nws lub neej rau kev sib yuav nrog Natalia Egorovna Staritsky. Cov kwv tij nyob hauv tus ntsuj xeeb ntawm tsib caug xyoo, txoj cai mus txog rau kev tuag ntawm Natalia Egorovna hauv 1943.
Lawv muaj ob tug me nyuam, tom qab ntawd cov uas tuag nyob rau hauv kev mus ncig teb chaws: George, uas tau dhau los ua tus kws sau npe nrov npe, thiab Nina, uas ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho mob.
Kev tuag
Vladimir Ivanovich tus txij nkawm tuag thiab faus hauv Kazakhstan, uas tsev neeg nyob thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm mus. Lub Vernadsky nws tus kheej tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam rov qab mus rau Moscow, uas nws tuag nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1945 tom qab mob stroke.
Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb uas ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa Lavxias, Soviet thiab kev ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab muaj peev xwm paub thiab multifaceted txuj ci thiab multifaceted txuj ci. Dab tsi yog Vernadsky qhib? Tus kws tshawb fawb tau coj cov kev cai lij choj coj thiab tsim cov kev cai ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu hauv cov lus qhuab qhia, tsim cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov kab mob hauv qhov nwj choj.
Bibliography
Peru tus kws tshawb fawb muaj ntau dua 700 science cov lus thiab ua haujlwm. Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav lawv tus kheej nrog kev sau hauv qab no:
- Vernadsky, V.I. Sau ua haujlwm: hauv 24 tons (2013);
- VernadSky, V. I. Kev Xav Txog Kev Xav ntawm Naturulist (1988);
- VernadSky, v.I. Kev tshawb fawb tau xav ua lub ntiaj chaw tshwm sim (1991);
- Vernadsky, v.I. biosphere thiab cov koob tshuaj. (2012);
- Vernadsky, V.I. ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ntim 1. Kev paub txuj ci kev tshawb fawb. Kev tshawb fawb muaj tswv yim. Kev xav paub tseeb. (1997).