Biography
Niaj hnub no, qhov teeb meem ntawm xaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tom ntej cuam tshuam. Feem ntau vim tsis muaj cov phiaj xwm rau yav tom ntej, txuj ci, yam koj nyiam ua, tsev kawm qib siab tau xa, lossis hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog lawv cov phooj ywg. Yog li tom qab 5 xyoos ntawm zaum lub ris ntawm cov khub niam txiv mus ua haujlwm tsis nyob hauv tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis nws puas phem? Tom qab tag nrho, muaj cov piv txwv hauv keeb kwm hauv ntiaj teb thaum nws tau kawm hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb, ib tus neeg nrhiav cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lwm daim teb. Noj, piv txwv li, EVGen Schwartz ...
Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Yav tom ntej Soviet kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau ntawv ua si tau yug rau lub Kaum Hlis 9, 1896. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv Kazan. Cov niam txiv ntawm Zhenium me me yog cov kws kho mob: Txiv Plig Tsov Dub Borisovich - Kws phais neeg, thiab Mary Fedorovna niam - Midwife. Raws li leej txiv txoj kab, tus tub muaj cov neeg Yudais keeb kwm, los ntawm uas nws tau tshaj tawm hnub nyoog xya, tom qab kev cai raus dej nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox.
Tom qab ntes ntawm tsov ntxhuav borisovich hauv 1898, ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev hloov pauv zais zais zais, vim yog qhov uas Schwarz tau tsiv ntawm ib qhov chaw mus rau lwm qhov chaw mus rau lwm qhov.
Muaj nyob rau hauv Dmitrov, Armavir, nyob rau hauv Ryazan (ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm Maivliag (tam sim no lub peev txheej ntawm Adya), uas yog menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Zhenya tau coj qhov chaw. Xyoo 1902, Valentine tus kwv yau yug xyoo 1902.
Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, tus tub hluas nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm hauv nroog. Tau kawm tiav ntawm nws xyoo 1913, Eugene mus rau tus neeg lub tsev kawm qib siab lub tsev kawm qib siab tom qab Alfons leonovich Shanyhalsky (tam sim no - Lavxias teb chaws University).
Raws li kev qhia ntawm cov niam txiv, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai nkag mus, nws yog txhais rau lub xeev ntawm Mos lub xeev lub tsev kawm npe hu ua Mikhail Vasilyevich Limonosov. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Ekaterinodar (tam sim no - Krasnodar).
Lub caij nplooj zeeg hais txog xyoo 1916 nkag mus rau cov tub rog, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo tom ntej no nws tau raug xa los ntawm Tsaritsyno (tam sim no - VolgoGrad) rov qab mus kawm hauv tsev kawm tub rog. Hauv tib lub xyoo, cov npe ntawm Juncker tau txais ua ntej, thiab tom qab - Ensign.
Xyoo 1918 nws tuaj rau nws cov neeg txheeb ze hauv ekaterinodar, qhov twg tom qab tau coj mus rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm. Nws tau koom nrog nws thawj zaug kuban kev sib tw nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm Deveutenant General Vikrovovich Pokrovsky, thiab kuj tau ua tiv thaiv ntawm Ekaterinodar nyob rau lub Peb Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo. Nws tau sib cav sib ceg ntawm nws ob txhais tes tawm raws li kev ceeb toom, hnyav nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no vim muaj kev ruaj khov tsis ntev los no vim muaj kev ruaj khov tsis ntev los no vim muaj kev ruaj khov.
Tom qab rov qab rau hauv tsev kho mob tub rog, Eugene yog demobilized. Nws tsis xav ua haujlwm Schwartz tshwj xeeb, yog li nws mus rau Rostov University, hauv kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog "Tus neeg ua yeeb yam" ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 1920.
Yog li muaj nce ntxiv, nyob rau xyoo 1921, schwartz, ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus poj niam tus trouporre, txav mus rau PetroGrad (St. Petersburg). EppenY tseem ua si Episodic cov luag hauj lwm hauv kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau ua neej nyob yog, nws tau npaj ua ntej hauv lub tsev muag ntawv, thiab tom qab - tus kheej kev khaws cia ntawm Korna Chukovsky.
Ntaub ntawv
Sau ntawv ywj pheej, Schwartz pib tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab. Nyob rau hauv pseudonym, yawm txiv los luam tawm fakeno hauv txhua-Lavxias Krotegar. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo, cov tshaj tawm xa mus rau Bakhmut kom dhau mus xyaum ua haujlwm rau lub tsev luam tawm ntawm kev sau ntawv sau rau "kopegarka" - cov ntawv xov xwm "zaboy".
Rov qab mus rau PetrroGrad, Eugene sau thiab tshaj tawm nws thawj cov menyuam yaus ua haujlwm "zaj dab neeg ntawm lub qub Balayaki" (Lub Xya Hli Ntuj ntawm Almanach "Sparrow" rau xyoo 1924). Zaj dab neeg no sau Xamuyees marsh thiab xyoo 1924 caw cov kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm rau cov me nyuam lub chaw haujlwm "Gosizdata". Cov kws sau ntawv uas muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nrog Schwarz lub sijhawm no, tawm ntawm cov kev paub no, kev sib cav tias Everge Lupingich ua cov lus tseem ceeb thiab muab cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tug neeg los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas qhia tias SCHWARTZ kom nkag mus rau hauv lub zej zog kev kawm, uas yog cov ntawv xov xwm rau cov menyuam yaus xws li "Chizh" thiab "hedgehog". EppenY Lvovich tshaj tawm nws cov dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg, nrog rau qee cov paj huam.
Xyoo 1928, nws sau nws thawj zaug ua si, uas "underwood" hu. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws twb muab los ntawm Leningrad Theatre ntawm tus hluas nkauj qhua. Hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kws sau nws tsuas yog yug los - Natasha tus ntxhais. Thaum tus ntxhais cim ob lub hlis, Evgeny tawm ntawm tsev neeg sib yuav dua.
Txij xyoo 1930 thiab ua ntej pib ntawm Great Patriotic Tsov Rog, SCHWARTZ ua haujlwm zoo txiv ntoo txiv ntoo. Xyoo 1931 nws sau ib tsab ntawv rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "kev lag luam 717". Xyoo tom ntej tshaj tawm cov "trifles". Xyoo 1934, ib qho ntawm tus ntxhais huab tais ua si, "Nees Vaj Ntxwv" thiab "cov khoom muaj nqis" thiab tsa Lenochka "tau sau. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyoo 1934, Schwartz ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Union ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm USSR. Xyoo 1936 - daim "Ris Cap" thiab cov ntawv sau "Lenochka thiab txiv quav ntswv nyoos thiab txiv hmab" thiab "hnub so".
Lwm xyoo, ib zaj lus dab neeg "Miv tshiab txoj kev lom zem hauv khau khiab" tshwm hauv phau ntawv ceev xwm txheej. Xyoo 1939, Schwartz sau ua si "daus poj huab tais", xyoo 1966 lawv yuav tso ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab, thiab "Puppet City". Xyoo nram qab no, Evgeny Lvovich ntxiv qhov ua si "duab ntxoov ntxoo", uas tau los ua "Nees Vaj" (1934) thiab "Zaj" (1942-1943). Xyoo 1971 thiab 1991, duab ntxoov ntxoo ntxoov ntxoo yooj yim tshwm sim. Xyoo 1940, leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tuag.
Qhov kawg ua ntej schwartz ua ib qho "dab neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ploj", "ob tug kwv tij" thiab ze lipami berlin. " Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog, tus kws sau ntawv tseem nyob rau hauv cov nyom ntawm Leningrad, ua haujlwm hauv lub xov tooj cua. Xyoo 1941, nws tau khiav tawm hauv Kirov, uas nws npaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub yeeb yam hauv zos. Xyoo 1942, tom qab nws khiav tawm Leningrad Tyuzabad (tam sim no - Dushanbe, lub peev ntawm Tajikistan). ;
Nyob ntawd, Evgeny Lüovich sau lub plays ntawm "nyob deb ntawm ntug" thiab "ib hmo" tau mob siab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad, ntsig txog. Nyob rau hauv tib xyoo 1942 nws tuag nws niam. Ob xyoos tom qab, tus kws sau ntawv tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov twg "plays thiab rep zaj" plays thiab txuas ntxiv kev koom tes nrog cov thawj coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Xyoo 1945, lub tas luav "lub caij ntuj no lub caij ntuj no", hu ua tug zaj lus no "tawg. Luam tawm.
Xyoo 1947, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab kev cai "Cinderella", tua rau Schwartz ua yeeb yam zoo ib yam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tau ua los ntawm Janina Jaimo, Vasily Mercuryev, Faina Ranevskaya, erast Garin thiab Alexey konsovsky. Jilmnotovka muaj kev vam meej hauv nws lub tebchaws, thiab txawv txav. Xyoo 1948 Muaj ib zaj dab neeg ntawm Schwartz "thawj-qib", uas tau dhau los ua cov hauv paus ntawm tib lub npe.
Xyoo 1953, Stalin tuag, uas nyob rau hauv lub th pebties txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm cov haujlwm ntawm Schwartz. Ua tsaug rau cov kev siv zog ntawm Olga Bergolts, qhov kev txwv no raug tshem tawm. Thawj tus kws sau cov laij tuaj txog hauv kev ncig.
Xyoo 1956, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais cov npe ntawm cov neeg txiav txim ntawm lub labortrad "thiab" rau kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm kev ua rog hauv ntiaj teb thib ob "). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws "zoo nkauj". Ib xyoos tom qab, lub vijtsam version ntawm "Don Quixote" ua si.
Peb tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ua haujlwm los ntawm EVPen Schwartz hauv Moscow kev txawj ua yeeb yam, hauv Moscow xeev Act ua yeeb yam, nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua yeeb yam "tab tom kawm "Thiab" Free Theatre ", nyob rau St. Raum" thiab Moscow Drama Ua Yeeb Yam Tom qab Konstantin Sergislavsky. Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv mus ob zaug thaum nws lub neej thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm Schwartz. Thaum xyoo 1989, "Dias" ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau luam tawm.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
EppenY Lvovich tau sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj tus pojniam los ua tus kws ua yeeb yam Gayane Kholdova (1898-1983). Schwartz tau paub nrog nws thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv Rostov "Theatre Rhiav." Lawv tau sib yuav xyoo 1920.
Ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, ob niam txiv tau tsiv mus rau PetrroGrad, qhov twg xyoo 1929 lawv tau ua tus ntxhais Natalia. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Schwartz cuam rau ib tsev neeg los yuav lwm tus poj niam. Rau Gayane, nws dhau los ua ib qho kev xav tsis thoob.
Tus poj niam thib ob ntawm Yeveny Schwartz ua Ekaterina Ivanovna obukh (1902-1988). Nrog nws, tus kws sau ntawv sib ntsib ntawm ib qho ntawm kev tsim muaj tswv ntuj ntawm xyoo 1927, npaj rau ib tus phooj ywg tus phooj ywg ntawm Obbera. Txhawm rau sib yuav Schwartz, Catherine kuj tawm tsev neeg.
Nrog Catherine Ivanovna Eveny, Lvovich nyob rau kev tuag, tab sis nws zoo siab uas tau hu nws tus poj niam, yog yam uas tsis muaj kev tsis zoo rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev tuag
Tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg ua si tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis Tim 15, 1958. Cov nom tswv yog vim li cas lub plawv nres uas tau ua rau lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, uas tsim txom Schawartz nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los ntawm lub neej.
Nws raug faus rau hauv Leningrad ntawm Bogoslav tojntxas.
Bibliography
- 1924 - "Dab Neeg ntawm lub Qub Balalaika"
- Xyoo 1928 - "Underwood"
- 1931 - "Kev Lag Luam 717"
- 1932 - "tsis muaj dab tsi"
- Xyoo 1934 - "Ntxhais fuabtais thiab Svinas"
- 1934 - "Nauv huab tais"
- Xyoo 1936 - "Hnub So"
- 1938 - "Dr. Aibolit"
- Xyoo 1940 - "duab ntxoov ntxoo"
- 1940 - "Dab Neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ploj"
- Xyoo 1943 - "Zaj"
- Xyoo 1947 - "Cinderella"
- Xyoo 1956 - "Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb"
- 1957 - "Don Quixote"