Xamuyees Marshak - Biography, Yees Duab, Tus Kheej Lub Neej, Phau Ntawv, Tuag

Biography

Nyob rau hauv lub archives muaj feem ntau daim duab ntawm Samuel yakovlevich manshan ncig los ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias tus kws sau paj lug thiab tus kws sau ntawv tseem ua phooj ywg zoo ntawm cov nyeem me. Lub tswv yim ntawm tus sau tsis txwv rau menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv. BRILLTICT Cov kev sib tw cov neeg taug kev yog cov neeg nyiam ua cov ntaub ntawv Askiv cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj.

Thaum yau thiab cov hluas

Samuel Yakovlevich yug hauv tsev neeg Ixayees thaum Lub Kaum Hlis 22 (raws li tus qauv tshiab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 3) ntawm 1887. Tsev neeg pib los ntawm cov kws tshawb nrhiav Talmud laus tshaj plaws. Leej txiv ntawm tus tub hluas yog ib tug kws siv tshuaj uas ua haujlwm ntawm tsob ntoo xab npum, ib leej niam - tus niam tsev, tab tom pom cov menyuam yaus. Ntxiv rau Xamuyee, tsib tus menyuam ntxiv tau loj hlob hauv tsev neeg.

Marshak-Senior tau sim kom paub lub hom phiaj thiab lub peev xwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yog li tsev neeg ntau zaus tuaj: ViteBTK, Pokrov, Bakhmut. Cov npe ntawm cov nroog tau cuam tshuam rau hauv ostrogojsk nyob rau xyoo 1900.

Rau qhov tawm ntawm tsev neeg Ixayees, qhov teeb meem tau lees paub rau chav tub yees duab, txij li qee qhov chaw tau faib rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm xws li ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Vim li ntawd thaum Marshaha txiv muaj hmoo tau txoj haujlwm hauv St. Petuburg, Xamuyees tsis ua raws li cov neeg txheeb ze.

Cov chav ncaws pob hluas hluas tuaj rau lub peev ntawm lub caij so. Ib qho ntawm cov kev mus ncig no tau dhau los ua rau yav tom ntej biography ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua tsaug. Tus tub raug sawv cev los ntawm kev thuam nto moo thiab kos duab kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd rau Vladimir Stasov.

Nws yog tsim nyog sau tseg tias zaj dab neeg hais txog menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas Markshaha yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog thiab muaj tswv yim. Raws li tus kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej nco, cov paj huam tau pib compose txawm tias ntxov dua li kawm sau lawv. Txawm nyob rau hauv ostrogogsk, datvora los ntawm thoob plaws lub nroog tau mus rau tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau paj lug uas mloog cov lus lom zem ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev sau ntawv.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas Stasov, ntawm ib txhais tes ntawm phau ntawv uas muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm Samuel yakovlawb Gymnasium.

Tuaj txog rau lub nroog ntawm Neva, tus tub ntxhais phuv iav, sib thooj nrog cov haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv ntiaj teb. Kev thuam tsis hnov ​​qab instill txoj kev hlub ntawm kev hlub rau kev kos duab, tshwj xeeb txhawb kev ua teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yudai muaj tswv yim.

Senior Comrade nthuav qhia cov paj huam nrog cov loj loj hauv xyoo 1904. Tau kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm Marshah nrog kev noj qab haus huv, Gorky caw tus txiv neej hluas los ua neej nyob ntawm nws tus kheej Dacha hauv Yalta.

Nyob rau yav qab teb lub nroog, ib tug txiv neej hluas siv sijhawm ob xyoos. Xyoo 1906, tau txais lus ceeb toom txog kev koom tes npaj rau cov neeg Yudais, nws raug yuam tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg.

Ntawm no cov nomadic lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau nres. Xyoo 1911, ib tug txiv neej hluas nrog cov pab pawg ua ke ua ke mus ncig rau Middle East raws li tus sau. Xyoo 1912 tau cim los ntawm kev mus rau Askiv rau kev kawm hauv University of London.

Rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws xyoo 1914, tus tub hluas tau hloov chaw nyob hauv ob peb zaug, txog thaum nws thaum kawg tau txav mus rau PetrroRad xyoo 1922.

Ntaub ntawv

Cov haujlwm ntawm Samuel Yakovlevich thawj kauj ruam hauv luam tawm xyoo 1907. Thawj phau ntawv yog sau ntawm "Zionida", mob siab rau cov neeg Yudais cov ntsiab lus. Ntxiv rau tus sau tus tswv tsim, tus kws sau ntawv tau nyiam los ntawm kev txhais lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tau pib ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev coj no kuj los ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam Yudas.

Cov kws sau paj lug uas yog hais rau cov neeg laus nyeem ntawv. Lub voj voog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus hluas sau tus sau lub tswv yim yog hu ua kev sau cov paj huam "Palestine", sau thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv. Kawm nyob rau tebchaws Askiv, nws yog tiag fond ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab scotland, cov txhais lus ntawm lub ballad, raws li cov haujlwm ntawm classics.

Hmoov tsis zoo, thiab tom qab no Soviet Stalinist Russia tsis tau noj ib tug tas li kev ua siab ncaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Qee lub sijhawm, cov kws sau ntawv poob rau hauv kev tsis txaus siab thiab raug rau kev tsuj. Samuel Yakovlevich pom txoj kev tawm mus thiab ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov lus qhuab qhia zoo rau menyuam yaus.

Tus kws sau ntawv muaj npe nrov rau kev hlub rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Xyoo 1920, thawj tus menyuam ua yeeb yaj kiab tau muab tso rau hauv Krasnodar tam sim no, nyob rau theem tam sim no, xws li "kaum ob lub hlis", "teremok".

Txij xyoo 1923, cov me nyuam phau ntawv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug uas luam tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv "thiab cov lus qhuab qhia", "yog qhov tawg", "lub hnab nqa khoom", "ruam Mouse Mouse ".

Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo, zam kev khiav taus vim tsis zoo, Marshak sau Satirical Fechens, koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntawv sau los tiv thaiv kab ke tawm tsam.

Rau qhov kev pab rau cov ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv tau muab khoom plig rau ntau tus Stalinist thiab Leninist hwm thiab khoom plig, suav nrog kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin, kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog liab chij.

Hauv 60s, thaum tus neeg uas muaj nuj nqis tsis hem ib yam dab tsi, tus kws sau paj lug tso ib yam ntawm cov paj huam rau cov neeg nyiam nyeem "nyiam cov lus". Xyoo 1960, tus sau keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv "thaum pib ntawm lub neej" yog luam tawm.

Tus Kheej Lub Neej

Tus poj niam Sophia Mikhailovna Milvid tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib thaum Middle East tseem ceeb rau nws lub neej. Rau kev kawm hauv London, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau mus tsev neeg lawm. Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Sophia Mikhailovna tseem yog tus phooj ywg tseeb thiab cov kav ntev.

Cov neeg teev ntuj tau sau tseg tias tus txij nkawm, txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab cov cim, txig sib txuam. Marshak yog tus neeg muaj tswv yim, tau txawv los ntawm kev npau taws, thiab Sophia Mikhailovna - tsim nyog "kev txawj ntse" hauv lub siab, tau tsim nyog, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb, ntawm lub siab.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Samuel yakovlevich raug kev txom nyem ib qho tsis yooj yim scatleton. Nws tau hais tias ib zaj dab neeg txog ib tug neeg los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam sau los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj ntawm lub Soviet develya nws tus kheej tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab ntau ntxiv nrog nws cov menyuam. Xyoo 1915, thawj tug tub hluas ntawm Marshakov cov txij nkawm, tus ntxhais ib-xyoo tus ntxhais Nathana-eeslurned lub npau npau ko taw. Menyuam tuag los ntawm qhov cub tau txais.

Ob xyoos tom qab kev txom nyem, tus tub ntawm Immanuel tau tshwm sim rau lub ntiaj teb, thiab xyoo 1925 - Yakov. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tus txiv thiab nws tus poj niam tau tshee tshee rau cov me nyuam. Los ntawm txoj kev, "ntawm lub ntsej muag ruam ruam" yog sau los ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug rau ib hmos kom tau nyiaj rau kev kho mob ntawm lub cev ntawm Evpatoria.

Hmoov tsis zoo, Yakov tus tub yau tuag los ntawm Doberculosis ntawm 21 xyoos. Tus hlob Eldeston tau nyob lub neej puv nkaus, los ua tus txawj ua haujlwm zoo uas tsim cov txheej txheem yees duab yees duab. Nyob rau hauv parallel, tus txiv neej tau koom rau hauv kev txhais lus.

Zoo thiab teb rau hauv tus cwj pwm, Samuel Marcele Marshak hauv kev tsim txom cov lus nyuaj thiab kev tsim txom ntawm cov kws sau ntawv 'ua haujlwm raws li nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws cov npoj yaig. Tsis ntshai, tus kws sau paj huam tig mus rau cov neeg siab ntawm NKVD, qhia tawm hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm I. A. Brodsky, A. I. solzhenitsyn.

Kev sim ua kom raug liam ntawm cosmopolitanism thiab marshak. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus xaiv tsa tau hais tias kabbalistic thov tau encrypted nyob rau hauv nqe rau cov menyuam. Ua ib tug kws tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg Yudais, tus kws sau ntawv tau kawm talmud, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sau ntawv los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, yog tias chav kawm, nws tsis pom muaj kev xav.

Kev tuag

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws sau ntawv tau ua rau dig muag tsis pom kev ntawm cataract.

Tus kws sau paj huam zoo tau tawm rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 4, 1964, muaj txoj sia nyob rau cov laus heev. Kev ua rau kev tuag ntawm txoj kev tuag raug lees paub tias yog lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Ntau pua tus phooj ywg thiab kiv cua ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tuaj hais lus zoo rau Samuel yakovlevich. Tus sau lub ntxa yog nyob ntawm novodevichy toj ntxas.

Bibliography

Cov Me Nyuam Cov Lus Dab Neeg Tales:

• "Kaum Ob Hlis"
• "Ntse yam"
• "Miv tsev"
• "Teremok"
• "Dab neeg ntawm tus nas ruam me me"
• "Dab Neeg Hais Txog Tus nas Smart"
• "Vim li cas tus miv hu ua miv"
• "Nplhaib Jafar"
• "Tus poj niam laus, kaw qhov rooj!"
• "Hnab nqa khoom"
• "Tus sparrow dined?"
• "Yuav tsum komexioed - sawb"
• "Saib poj huab tais"
• "Dab Neeg Hais Txog Cov Tshis"

Didactic ua haujlwm:

• "Hluav taws"
• "Xa"
• "Tsov rog nrog dnipro"

Paj huam:

• "Zaj dab neeg hais txog tus neeg tsis paub"

Ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv:

• "Xa tub rog"
• "Byrl-nesBylitsa"
• "Txhua xyoo puag ncig"
• "Ntawm tus saib xyuas ntawm lub ntiaj teb"