Biography
Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin yog ib tug kws sau ntawv sov sov Sovalian, playwright thiab kws tshuaj xyuas. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg nyeem ntawv ntawm "serapionov cov kwv tij" thiab tus yeej ntawm Stalinist tus nqi zog. Tus sau ntawm phau ntawv iconic rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas - "ob tug thawj coj" tshiab, uas tau nyeem los ntawm ntau lab.
Veniamin Zilber - Qhov no suab lub npe tiag tiag ntawm cov lus qhia - coj lub tswv yim pseudonym Cav. Thiab nrog nws nws tau txais los ntawm cov qauv - gusar thiab duelanta Peter cov tub rog, tus phooj ywg ntawm nws lub xeem hauv Evgenia Agin - kom ncaj qha thiab tsis kam lees.
Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Tus sau ntawm "ob tus thawj coj" yug xyoo 1902 hauv Psbe, uas nrog tus neeg Anna thiab peb tus menyuam hla ntawm OMSK infantry repimiment alexander zilber.
Nyob rau hauv pskov, tsis muaj tsev neeg tsawg hauv Pskov: Peb cov tub hluas ntxiv rau ob tug ntxhais thiab tus tub, yau dua uas yog lub neej tom ntej muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv yuav hu nws tsev neeg nyuaj, khav, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws zoo thiab pom nyob hauv lub nroog xeev.
Lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg yog ib tug txiv neej muaj txuj ci, suab paj nruag tau khoom plig. Nyob rau hauv lub barracks, qhov twg yog qhov chaw zoo nkauj Zilber-senterhears nrog rau Orchestra, Tub Rog Tub Rog tau muab ob feem peb ntawm lub hnub. Yog li nrog tsev neeg thiab 6 tus menyuam, raws li kuv ua tau, yog tswj hwm los ntawm Anna Grigorievna, niam.
Ib yam li tus txiv, Anna yog cov suab paj nruas thiab cov poj niam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kawm tiav ntawm Moswal Careervatory tau ua si Virtuoso ntawm lub piano thiab txuag tau cov nyiaj txiag hauv tsev neeg nrog cov nkauj cov nkauj.
Kev nquag, ntse Anna Zilber-desan teeb tsa hauv lub xeev kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm cov neeg nto moo ntawm cov neeg muaj npe nrov. Ua tsaug rau nws hauv pskov, Vera Commissionerzhevskaya thiab fyodor shatalapin tau mus xyuas. Txhua tus menyuam paub tias ua si cov cuab yeej sib txawv, nyeem ntau thiab xav paub cov kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg laus uas tau sib tham txog cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv nroog lossis tebchaws.
Tus yau thiab inquisitive veniamin tau mloog cov kwvtij thiab lawv cov phooj ywg - cov kws tshawb fawb Yuri Tyning thiab Mirone garkavi.
Xyoo 1912, cavyin tau nkag mus hauv chav ua si hauv zos. Daim tw ntawv tau txais tsis yooj yim rau tus tub hluas: txij li thaum cov pej xeem ntawm tib neeg, nws ua tiav kev ua kwv yees ob zaug. Lub 6 xyoo tau siv rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav kis las tau nco txog los ntawm cov xwm txheej ci ci.
Kev ua menyuam xaus thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1918, thaum cov neeg German tau nkag PSKOV. Nplooj los ntawm kev muaj tiag hnyav. Cov Hluas - Cov Neeg Ntseeg tiag, Seminarians, cov tub ntxhais kawm - sib cav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Maxim Gorky, Leonid Andreeva thiab Alexander Kurin. Yury Tyanyanov yog ib txoj cai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas lub caveryin, uas coj nws tus poj niam mus rau tus muam Elena. Tynyanov raug thuam Semi-cov menyuam yaus ntawm 13-xyoo-laus Veni, txawm hais tias nws sau tseg lub suab lus zoo. Nws yog thawj zaug qhia cov cavery los sau prose.
Ntaub ntawv
Xyoo 1919, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau nrog nws tus kwv tij mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas tsis ntev dhau los ua tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm. Ntawm cov lus pom zoo ntawm Tynnyanov xyoo 1920, nws tau pauv mus rau University of Northern peev thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws tau nkag mus rau lub koom haum ntawm cov lus egiental.
Veniamin Kalein paub cov paj huam, sib dhos nws tus kheej, sau zaj lus qhia los ntawm lub tsev kws sau ntawv, sau ntawv tshaj tawm "Kaum Ib Axioma", uas nws tau txais tus nqi. Zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Novice tau hais tseg Gorky.
Victor Sheklovsky tau qhia rau cov tub ntxhais hluas sau rau cov kwv yees litrary uas yog "Serapolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Konstantin Fedin.
"Tij Laug Alchemist", raws li kaverin hu ua, thuam cov quav rau cov phiaj xwm thiab kev mob siab rau cov style. Bicheval matrov thiab veniamin: Ivan Turgenev hu ua "lub ntsiab lus hais tias" ntawm txhua tus hlub ernst Hoffman thiab Robert Lewis Stevenson.
Xyoo 1923, ib qho kev tshwm sim thaj av muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg muaj tswv yim ntawm ib phau ntawv dab neeg uas tau tshaj tawm thawj cov dab neeg uas hu nws "Master thiab Printrica". Txoj kev iab ua haujlwm uas ua raws li kev muaj tswv yim ntawm cov thawj coj hluas hu ua "tus kws sau ntawv qub" nrog cov npoj yaig.
Veniamin cov caveryin, raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso tawm, tseem nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab: Kws lij choj nyiam cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias thaum ntxov XIX xyoo pua. Xyoo 1929, nws tau tiv thaiv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm keeb kwm kos duab. Thaum xyoo 1930, cov kws sau ntawv sau cov yeeb yam uas tau coj mus rau hauv tus neeg rov ua dua ntawm cov thawj coj muaj npe. VSevolod Meerhold Cesered Cov Kev Cog Lus Cog Tseg, tab sis nws tsis kam, tsom mus rau cov rog ntawm cov thiab cov ntawv sau.
Thawj peb-ntim kaverina tuaj thaum tus neeg sau ntawv tau tshaj tawm 28 xyoos. Tab sis thaum xyoo 1930, lub peev xwm tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus kws sau ntawv, "cov txij nkawm mus ncig" thiab liam tias "Kev nqhis dej rau Bourgeois Kev Txum Timeois Kev Txum Tim." Cov kev iab liam no nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim dua li tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam mills. Veniamin Cheerein tuaj rau txoj kev khav theeb thiab sau ib tus tshiab "ua tiav ntawm kev ntshaw." Phau ntawv tau nyeem, tab sis tus sau hu ua cov ntawv sau "cov khoom lag luam".
Qhov no tshiab thiab ua raws li los ntawm "ob tug thawj coj" kev cawm dim lub caverin los ntawm txoj hmoo iab ntawm tus tij laug Tsov ntxhuav Zilba, kev mus xyuas lub chaw pw hav zoov peb zaug. Raws li cov lus xaiv, tus tshiab qhuas Yauxej Stalin. Cov pob zeb yog muab rau tus thawj coj ua tus nqi zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus sau tswj hwm kom tsis txhob nco qab lub tog, kom zoo nkauj thiab tus kav nws tus kheej hauv phau ntawv tshiab. Phau ntawv tau dhau los ua kev ua haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus qhia.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog zoo nkauj, tus kws sau ntawv mus xyuas lub Leningrad pem hauv ntej thiab sab qaum teb nkoj raws li tus neeg Izvesti. Cov kev paub txog kev xav hauv cov phau ntawv, txuas ntxiv ntawm "ob tus thawj coj" tuaj tawm.
Xyoo 1946, kev txiav txim plaub ntug ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Star" tau luam tawm, nyob rau hauv uas Andrei Zhdanov hu ua Mikhatkau "Lake" thiab "bludnitsa". Cov phooj ywg qub, tau ntsib OP, maj nrawm mus rau lwm sab ntawm txoj kev. Tab sis tus yam ntxwv rau tus phooj ywg qub ntawm cov tub rog, hu ua Zoshchenko, ib qho ntawm cov kws sau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tiam neeg. Veniamin cov caveryin tau tso rau Opel Collega, pab nyiaj.
Xyoo 1947, tus kws sau ntawv sab laug Leningrad thiab tsiv mus rau lub peev. Nws nyob hauv Peredelkino thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub trilogy "qhib phau ntawv". Cov lus tshiab hais txog kev tsim ntawm microbiology tau tawm hauv xyoo 1948 thiab nyiam nyeem. Tab sis cov neeg thuam thiab cov npoj yaig, cov kws sau ntawv tau ntsib cov phau ntawv tsoo kev thuam. Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm 14 kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm cov lus tshiab nrog Hostile Socialist lub tsev.
Xyoo 1954, nyob rau 2 tus kws sau ntawv Congress, Veniamin Kaverein hu ua kev hwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim kev tsim kho ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov thiab Yuri Tynyaanov. Xyoo 1956, tus "Luessary Moscow" Almanac tau tshaj tawm 2 ntawm phau ntawv qhib ". Lub sijhawm tau hloov pauv, qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshiab tau ntsib calmly.
Thaum xyoo 1960, veniamin caveryin hauv lub "Tshiab Ntiaj Teb", taws los ntawm Alexander Tocardovsky, luam tawm cov lus nyob rau hauv uas Zoshchenko sim ua kom rov ua dua. Hauv xyoo 1970, tiv thaiv Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Xyoo 1972, tus kws lij choj tau muab sau cia cov nyeem ib qho kev ua siab ncaj qha "nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav", thiab xyoo 1976 Muaj ib zaj dab neeg "lub qhov rais Illuminated". Creative Heritage ntawm Veniamine Cavery kuj yog tus zoo nkauj heev cov dab neeg ntawm "Verlle", "Nemukhinsky cov neeg nkauj paj nruag".
Tus kws sau ntawv tsis yog tus tsis sib haum, txawm hais tias ntau tshaj ib zaug nws ua siab tawv tiv thaiv nws cov npoj yaig hauv opal. Tus neeg sau ntawv tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov qib thiab cov neeg sau qoob loo nyob hauv nws tau muab rau hauv phau ntawv Memoirs "Epilogue", uas tau sau "hauv lub rooj" hauv xyoo 1970. Alexey Tolstone, Valentin Katav, Konstantin Simonov, tau nyuaj thuam.
Kev tshaj tawm ntawm Epilogue nyob hauv lub teb chaws tsis tuaj yeem hais lus, tab sis kuv tsis xav tau sau memoirs txawv teb chaws. Nws cev cov ntawv sau tseg rau kev khaws cia ntawm Vladimir Winovich tus raug ntiab tawm ntawm USSR. Phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv 1989 hauv nws lub teb chaws. Caverin tos rau daim qauv kos duab.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Xyoo 1922, tus tub ntxhais hluas tom tsev sib yuav Lydia Tynanova, tus muam ntawm ib tug phooj ywg Yuri Tynyaanov. Hauv kev zoo siab thiab ntev-ntev, ob tug me nyuam tau yug los - Nikolai thiab Natalia.
Cov menyuam yaus tsis ua raws li cov niam txiv (Lydia Nikolaevna tau sau rau menyuam yaus) thiab xaiv tshuaj. Leej Tub thiab tus ntxhais los ua xibhwb, kev tiv thaiv kws kho mob.
Kev tuag
Veniamin cov caveryin tau sau txog hnub kawg ntawm lub neej, tab sis txhua txoj kev npaj tsis muaj sijhawm. Kawg, Farewell, phau ntawv yog hais txog Tynanov, kev phooj ywg nrog uas Veniamin Alexandrovich nqa los ntawm nws lub neej.
Tus kws sau ntawv tuag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1989, muaj nyob rau 87 xyoo. Furied tus sau ntawm "ob tus thawj coj" ntawm lub chaw mos ntawm lub toj ntxas.
Bibliography
- Xyoo 1923 - "Masters thiab Apprentices"
- Xyoo 1925 - "Cuaj kaum feem kaum"
- Xyoo 1925 - "Xaus ntawm Laza"
- Xyoo 1928 - "Scandalist, lossis Yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Vasilyevsky Island"
- Xyoo 1929 - "o. I. S senkovsky (Baron Brambus) "
- Xyoo 1931 - "Artist tsis paub"
- Xyoo 1934-1936 - "kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntshaw"
- Xyoo 1938-1944 - "ob tug tauj ncov loj"
- Xyoo 1949-1956 - "Phau Ntawv Qhib"
- 1957-1959 - "Tsis paub phooj ywg"
- 1960 - "Daim ntawm iav"
- Xyoo 1962 - "xya khub ntawm tsis huv"
- Xyoo 1962 - "Los nag"
- Xyoo 1963-1964 - "portrait"
- Xyoo 1972 - "Ua ntej daim iav"
- Xyoo 1978 - "Ob-chav taug kev"
- Xyoo 1983 - "Science of Parting"
Yam nco txog
- Hauv kev hwm ntawm V. A. Kaverin, cov asteroid veniakaverin muaj npe (2458 veniakaverin)
- Monument rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus tshiab "Ob tug tauj ncov loj" - Tatarinov thiab Grigorieve lub nroog PS npe npe hu ua V. A. Kaverin
- Thaj tsam ntawm "ob tug thawj" (polyarny Murmansk cheeb tsam) muaj npe tom qab tib lub npe Roman V. A. Kaverin