Biography
Thomas Hardy - playwright thiab tus kws sau ntawv, sau cov paj huam thiab cov dab neeg, uas ua haujlwm rau ncua ntawm Victorian era. Tus kws sau ntawv ua bias rau ntawm kev lom zem tshiab, permeated nrog nws tej hauj lwm tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov xwm txheej, cov vaj tse pej xeem thiab cov vaj muaj hmoo.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Thomas Hardy yug rau lub Rau Hli 1840 hauv Dorset County. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv - nobles, tab sis impifishish ntau uas nws yawg tau ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb pob zeb yooj yim. Tsev neeg nyob rau hauv uas ob tug tub hlob loj hlob thiab ob tug ntxhais nyob hauv lub zos ntawm sab sauv Bokhampton, thiab tag nrho cov pejxeem muaj nyob.
Leej niam tau koom nrog kev tu menyuam. Ua ib tug poj niam me, nws tsis xav kom cov qub txeeg qub teg los ua kom muaj qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev chim siab, thiab nkag siab tias nws yuav tsum tau pib nrog kev kawm zoo. Thomas tau mus koom lub tsev teev ntuj tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntxiv lawm, nws nyeem ntau ntawm qhov kev xav. Cov niam txiv npaj nws tus tub kom tau kev cob qhia rau sab ntsuj plig, tab sis nws tau muab hais tias tus neeg tawv tawv nqaij tsis dag.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16, Thomas tau mloog tom tsev architecture, thiab tus tub tau raug tso cai los xyaum ua lag luam hauv Dorchester, uas rov qab tsim cov tsev qub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Hardy kawm cov xim, Greek thiab Latin. Tau mus rau London, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau kawm tiav los ntawm Royal Collegor, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Architecture. Lub tuam txhab ntawm tus npis sov ntawm tus tub, uas yog Sir Blomield, tshwj xeeb hauv Kev Txum Tim hauv cov tsev teev ntuj thiab lwm yam kev ntseeg.
Ntaub ntawv
Rov qab los Dorchester los ntawm ib tus kws kos duab ywj pheej, hardy npaj los ua kev kho dua tshiab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm pib ua thawj kauj ruam hauv cov ntawv. Thawj Phau Ntawv Tshiab Thomas "Pozhnyak thiab poj niam" tsis tau mus txog cov xeeb ntxwv tau muab cov ntawv luam tom qab nws tau txais ib tug tshaj tawm tsis kam. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob siab hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov txuj ci yav tom ntej, tus kws sau ntawv luam tawm tsis qhia npe hauv qab no - "Cov nyiaj ua haujlwm".
Xyoo 1872, tus tshaj tawm "cov kwv tij Tisley" pom lub teeb "nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo ntsuab", uas qhib tag nrho cov voj voog hu ua "tus nom cov cim". Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau qhia thawj zaug tsuas yog 4 xyoos tom qab npog ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm luam tawm hauv Asmeskas.
Cov dab neeg tshiab yog kev lom zem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj cov neeg sau khoom ntawm lub zos ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orchestra Stinford, nrhiav tau los ntawm Sant Hardy. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem Thomas tau hais tseg txog menyuam yaus, cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw tiag tiag. Xyoo 2005, nicolas lafland, uas tua cov nrov series "Askiv tua neeg", tsiv kev ua ntawm phau ntawv tshiab rau teleexer.
Qhov tseeb ntawm lawv tus kheej cov ntawv sau tsis zoo thiab thaum sau ntawv ib qho tshiab "lub rooj sib tham xiav" - cov teeb meem ntawm tus hluas nkauj, cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm tus txiv neej thiab tus poj niam. Tus heroine tseem ceeb ntawm elfried yog sau tawm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv uas koj nyiam emma.
Tus dab neeg "deb ntawm cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam" coj tus sau tus sau nyiaj txiag thiab muaj koob meej. Thaum kawg tus nees luav hauv dorchester, ua ib lub tsev thiab muaj peev xwm ua ib lub dab teg tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom tseem tau them rov qab ntau zaus. Hauv ib mellorame txog ntawm daim duab peb sab kev sib hlub ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv, Jonhael Shin thiab Linda Pob Tawb thiab Cary Malligan, Terens Stamp thiab Julie Christie.
Zaj dab neeg "txhais tes ntawm Eitelbertes" revolves nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov yaj siab, tab sis kev pom zoo rau lub teb chaws uas yuav tsum tau ze rau sterminister-Newton, qhov twg phau ntawv tshiab " Rov qab rau Mayland "sau. Hardy ua ib txoj haujlwm zoo hauv cov neeg xav nyeem, hais txog tus poj niam uas muaj txij nkawm khiav tawm hauv tsev nrog nws tus hlub.
Qhov kev xav ntawm cov xov liab hla dhau ntawm zaj dab neeg uas tus uas sim sib ntaus qhov kev ua raws txoj hmoo ntawm txoj hmoo yuav ua rau nws tus kheej lub ntxa. Qhov txuas ntxiv "Cov Yeeb Nkab Yeeb Nkab Txiaj Ntsig", "ob ntawm tus pej thuam" thiab "tsis muaj peev xwm" kuj mob siab rau lub neej nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv outback.
Hauv phau ntawv tshiab "tus kav nroog ntawm Kestbridge", hardy hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm lub xeev, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tuav ntawm lub nroog ntawm kev sib raug zoo - cov xwm txheej los ntawm kev hloov pauv yav dhau los nws tus kheej lub neej, thiab lub neej ntawm ib puag ncig neeg. Xyoo 2003, tus thawj coj British Tucker tau thaij duab nrog tib lub npe nrog kev koom tes ntawm Juliet Obelli, Polly Walier thiab James Pürfoy.
Tej zaum kev sau ntawv tshaj plaws ntawm Thomas Hardy yog suav tias yog "Tess los ntawm tsev neeg d'Erberville." Cov khoom tshiab ceeb thawj lub npe nrov txog cov neeg censorian, nws tsis tau nco lub censorship, tsav tus kws sau ntawv hauv kev poob siab thiab muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus ntxhais uas fij nws tus kheej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tsev neeg, permeated nrog cov cim thiab lub tswv yim tias cov txheej txheem siab tsis ua rau tus neeg zoo siab. Raws li kev ua haujlwm, tsis yog ib koob thiab tag nrho-fledged feature feature. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lawv tau ua los ntawm Jamma Arton, Madhuri Dixit, Nastasya Kinski.
Cov phau ntawv tshiab "Jud yog imperceptible" - kawg nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ua haujlwm sau nyob rau hauv hom no. Thomas, twb muaj cov nthwv dej ntawm kev rau txim thiab thuam, lub sijhawm no raug kev txom nyem tsis tau txais kev txwv tsis pub swb. Npis Sov WaPlfield tau npaj ib qho qhia txog Phau Ntawv no, zoo li tau piav qhia ob peb tus kiv cua ntxiv, yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai thiab tsis txaus ntshai thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij thiab tsis xav txog dab tsi heresy.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, hardy swacked mloog rau cov ntaub ntawv poetic, uas ib txwm coj thawj qhov chaw. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau lus Askiv suav suav ntau dua 1000 tus paj huam thiab cov lus tshiab, sib sau ua ke.
Xyoo 1898, "cov paj huam ntawm cov tsiaj" uas tau tawm los, tus kws sau sau ua haujlwm sau nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum koj ua haujlwm cuav. Hauv qhov no, xws li nyob rau hauv lub xya lwm yam kev sau, Hardy sau rau nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus - nws tau thov rau nws tus poj niam, tau piav qhia kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub neej thiab tsev neeg.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, Thomas Hardy thov rau tom EPIC, tom qab cov lus ntawm Napoleon cov tsov rog Bonaparte nyob rau hauv nqe. Qhov ua si, hu ua "Dinasta", tau tshaj tawm hauv peb ntu. Xyoo 1923, "kev chim siab ntawm poj huab tais cookwell" tau tshaj tawm, uas tau ua raws King Arthur thiab ke rooj knights.
Txawm hais tias lub censorship, kev rau txim ntawm tib neeg, tus kws sau ntawv tau hnov hauv cov ntawv piav qhia ntawm cov voj voog. Hardy tau los ua ib tus neeg ruaj ntseg ntawm Tus Thawj Coj British Magdalen Tsev Kawm Qib Siab College, tau txais kws kho mob ntawm cov ntawv sau txog Cambridge thiab Oxford University. Xyoo 1912, Thomas tau muab tsub ntau los ntawm cov kub ntawm lub neej muaj koob muaj npe.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Thawj tus poj niam ntawm Thomas Hardy hauv 1874 yog Emma Lavinia Gifford. Tus ntxhais tau suav rau ib tus txiv plig, uas nws lub tsev teev ntuj sau tau rov qab los. Nws cov cum hauv 1912th los ua lub ntsiab Leitmotif ntawm cov lyric lub voj voog ntawm cov tawv tawv "paj huam 1912-1913".
Cov paj huam "xav txog kev khi lus ntawm cov xov xwm ntawm nws txoj kev tuag" yog mob siab rau tus npawg nyob ntawm tus khub niam txiv. Nws tau xav tias Thomas tau pib tshiab nrog Miss Sparks thiab ib ob peb txawm zais ntshis.
Rau zaum ob, hardy sib yuav ib lub hnub nyoog laus nyob rau emily Florence Dagdale. Tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib nws xyoo 1905, emily ces qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm poj niam. Ob xyoos tom qab kev tuag ntawm Emma, E -as tau ua lub tswv yim, thiab Dagdale, tsis ntshai los ntawm 40-xyoo sib txawv, coj nws. Raws li biographers tau sau tseg, tag nrho lawv lub neej cov me nyuam tus kws sau ntawv, thiab emily tshaj tawm phau duab, tseem nyob hauv tus duab Gifford - nrog tus poj niam muaj sia nyob, tus kws sau ntawv hais txog cov paj huam uas tuag lawm.
Tsis nyob hauv qhov thib ib los yog hauv kev sib yuav thib ob ntawm Thomas tsis muaj menyuam.
Kev tuag
Thaum kawg ntawm 1927, Thomas los ua neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1928 hauv Est caum Max rooj vag. Lub ntees tuag yog Lub Ib Hlis 16 hauv Westminster Abbey. Qhov tseeb zoo nthuav: Hardy lub cev tau faus rau yav qab teb ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab lub siab nyob hauv tus poj niam stylord, hauv qhov ntxa ntawm nws tus poj niam thawj zaug.
Ib xyoos tom qab nws tus txiv tuag, muaj kev tuag ntawm phau ntawv "Lub neej tshiab ntawm Thomas Hardy, 1841-1891", nyob rau hauv uas nws cov ntaub ntawv, ntawv thiab memoirs tau sau.
Tsis ntev ua ntej kev tuag ntawm Thomas Hardy tau raug xaiv tsa rau Nobrin nqi zog hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab cov xaj xaj ntawm kev tsim txom.
Bibliography
- "Nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo ntsuab"
- "Qhov muag xiav"
- "Muab faib los ntawm cov neeg sib cav sib ceg"
- "Indifferent"
- "Nyob rau hauv ntug ntawm hav zoov"
- "Tess los ntawm tsev neeg d'Ererville"
- "Jude imperceptible"
- "WESSEKE POUN"
- "Tus poj huab tais nto moo ntawm Cornwell qhov kev txom nyem"