Biography
Ivan Efremov yog cov cab kuj ntawm cov lus paub xov xwm, uas nws nrhiav tau thov cov ntawv thov hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Nws phau ntawv yog nyob rau hauv ib kab nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Isaac Azimov, Herbert Vis thiab Stanislav Lem. Cov ntawv qhia txog tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws sau ntawv tsis muaj kev zoo siab dua li muaj tswv yim.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Ivan Efremova tus txiv, antipa kaspitonovich, los ntawm cov neeg pluag yooj yim, muab rau cov tub lag luam, tau txais qib ntawm cov kws pab tswv yim. Tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm 1917 thiab kev sib nrauj ntawm cov niam txiv, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej yuav tsum hloov lub npe nruab nrab thiab ua kom zoo siab rau cov koom nrog cov chav nplua nuj.
Barbara Alexandrovna niam tau koom rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, feem ntau them tus hluas nkauj yau tshaj plaws. Tus kwv tij mob, thiab tsev neeg nyob rau xyoo 1914 tsiv mus rau Ukrainian berdyansk. Muaj Ivan tau mus rau hauv chav kis las.
Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm kev tsov kev rog, fremov tau mus rau sab xub ntiag, tau txais kev sib cav thiab stuttered me ntsis. Demobilized, tsiv mus rau PetrroGrad, ua haujlwm ua tus tsav tsheb, tus neeg tsav tsheb, kawm tiav ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv nws lub sijhawm pub dawb, kuv nyeem, ntxiv rau kev sib ntxiv, cov phau ntawv ntawm biology, zoology thiab kev tshawb xav ntawm evolution. Tau kawm ntawm tus Navigator, Ivan tau tuav hauv Oshotsk hiav txwv, thiab ntawm nws txoj kev rov qab nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, ntawm lub tuam tsev biological.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm 1920s, Efremov tau ua txaus siab nyob rau hauv geology, cuam lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab kawm nyob rau saum roob lub koom haum. Tshawb nrhiav cov kev ua haujlwm tau taug kev Urals thiab Mongolia, Centeria thiab Siberia. Xyoo 1935, cov qib ntawm biological sciency tau muab rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Paleontonology. Ua ntej tsov rog nws tus kheej, tus kws sau ntawv uas ua rau nws cov kws qhia ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg.
Ntaub ntawv
Alexey Tolstoy teb txog cov style ntawm Efremova raws li txias heev thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj kuab heev. Ivan nws tus kheej tau hais tias thaum sib tham tias "Lub siab ntawm cov lus tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntev," thiab vim muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev, kev kov yeej cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab los ntawm cov menyuam tau khaws cia. Thiab hu nws ntau dua cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsis yog kev tshawb fawb.
Ivan hais rau kev ua haujlwm sau thaum chaw khiav tawm mus rau Kazakhstan. Kev mob nkeeg nrog Typhoid, Efremov tau muab mus rau lub sijhawm ntev ntev mus pw thiab pib sau dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, "kawg Marseille" thiab "lub hnub qub cov miners" thiab "lub pas dej ntuj", "Bay ntawm zaj sawv dav hlau" tawm los.
Nyob rau hauv "ellinsky zais" nws yog hais txog xws li ib yam li gene nco. Nyob rau hauv "rooj sib tham dua Tuskaroi" tus kws sau ntawv tau cuam tshuam txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txuam nrog ntawm "hnyav" hauv dej hiav txwv. "Olg-KHORHA" yog mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb fawb rau cov cab loj heev hauv qhov tob ntawm Mongolian steppes. "Catty sark", raws li Efremov, pab txhawb kom txoj kev cawm seej ntawm cov kev caij nkoj ntawm oblivion. Tom qab tshaj tawm ib zaj dab neeg hauv tebchaws Askiv, lub nkoj tau pauv mus rau qeb ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tus kws sau ntawv tau paub los ntawm cov nyeem qib tebchaws Askiv.
Tus kws sau ntawv, uas koom ua tib zoo nrog kev pom tseeb, yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia los ntawm lawv pom qhov tseeb embodiment. Nyob rau ntau zaus, Mercury tso thiab lub qhov tsua nrog kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg qub, Kimberlite leeg hauv Yakutia thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv kua muaju tau pom. Cov chaw tso tawm tob zuj zus uas muaj peev xwm tshawb tau lub seabed thiab tho zoo nyob rau hauv nws, raws li nyob rau hauv "fakopo atl". Thiab tsheb nqaj hlau ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 300 km / teev thiab txhua hnub zoo txhua hnub txhua.
Daim phiaj ntawm "Ntxoov ntxoo ntawm yav dhau los" tau tsim los ntawm Ivan txoj kev npau suav txog yuav ua li cas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm ib lub teeb pom kev zoo lub teeb lub teeb. Tom qab 3 xyoos, lub Nobel LakeEne Kev tsis lees paub Gabor theoretically desarted cov nyhuv ntawm heographic.
Kev tshawb fawb zoo heev etude "tsib daim duab" ntawm Efremov sau hauv kev txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab Andrei Sokolov, tus tswv ntawm chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev tha xim. Raws li nws daim ntaub "of the elevator hauv cosmos" los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam clark, cov tshiab "fontans ntawm paradians" tau tsim los ntawm Arthur Clark.
Ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm lub siab "lub plawv ntawm tus nab" Ivan rov qab ua cov khoom ua yuam kev. Thawj tshaj tawm tsis dhau cov neeg kho kom zoo thiab ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw los ntawm kev nyeem, kev txuag chemistry thiab anatomy. Qhov dilogy "ntawm ntug kev opumens" raus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhev lub neej nyob rau hauv lub Egypt thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los.
Efremov tsis pom yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog lwm txoj kev sib raug zoo, tsis muaj kev txawj sib dhos ntawm qhov chaw tob. Nyob rau hauv kev ua si ntawm cov suab puam, GUBI tus kws tshawb fawb tau los mloog lub tswv yim ntawm cov lus tshiab "Timbeda". Phau ntawv muaj cov xim tau piav qhia cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj kom zoo nkauj thiab khoom noj khoom haus zoo nkauj.
Roman "teev Bull", mob siab rau tus poj niam ntawm Taisiya - cov lus piv txwv philosophical ntawm yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai tatalitarianism yog qhov txaus ntshai. Raws li cov neeg Heroes ntawm qhov deb dhau los hauv nws, cov cim los ntawm "Timbal Andromeda" tau hais txog. Qhov haujlwm no tus kws tshawb fawb xav sib cav nrog nws cov npoj yaig uas tau txiav txim siab lub neej tuag, uas muaj kev kovyeej ntawm lub teeb thiab kev vam meej tau tsis lees paub.
Efremov ntseeg tias ib tug neeg, raws li ib tug tsiaj xav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev nco, thiab tsis yog los ntawm reflexes, muaj peev xwm hla theem ntawm kev txhim kho biological. Thiab yav tom ntej, lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej yuav muab cov pej xeem thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv thawj qhov chaw.
Qhov kawg nyuaj ntawm Ivan Efremov yog qhov taw tes ntawm Athenian heter ntawm Athenian Heter ntawm Alexander lub Macedonian thiab huab tais Egypt Ptolemy. Lub sijhawm no kev ua yeeb yam muab txoj kev rau keeb kwm muaj tseeb. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, tus tshiab hloov tawm los ua ib zaj nkauj ntawm kev hlub, kev zoo nkauj, lub siab thiab muab siab npuab. Phau ntawv "Tig Athens" tawm los tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Thawj tus poj niam ntawm Ivan Efremova los ua tus sawv cev tshawb fawb. Ksenia yog tus xibfwb ntawm cov xibfwb Geology, cov neeg tshawb fawb ntawm Ore tso nyiaj, uas muaj cov nroj tsuag magnitoginesk metallengical. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau hnov qab hais tias los ntawm txoj kev sib yuav cov kws sau ntawv nrhiav los rho cov txiaj ntsig ua haujlwm. Tus heroine ntawm tus tshiab "rab chais hniav" sim sau tawm tsuas yog nrog Ksenia. Tsis muaj menyuam nyob hauv tsev neeg no.
Tsiv lub Koom Haum Paleozoological, tus kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm qhov twg ua haujlwm, ntawm LeningRad rau Moscow nws tau nthuav tawm thiab hloov hauv lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Efremov tsiv twb nrog tus poj niam thib ob ntawm Elena Kolukova. Tsis ntev xwb tus tub ntawm Allan yug los. Lub npe ntawm tus menyuam xaiv nws txiv hauv kev hwm ntawm tus xeeb ceem los ntawm tus tshiab "saib huab tais Xalaumoos" ntawm British tus sau Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Hakgard. Allan tau mus rau hauv tus txiv uas yog ko taw - dhau los txaus siab nyob rau hauv genology.
Elena tuag thaum xyoo 1961, tom qab ib xyoos Ivan yuav Taisiya Yukhnevskaya. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib tus poj niam thaum xyoo 1950, thaum nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus ntaus ntawv ntawm lub koom haum, thiab tom qab ntawd tus tuav ntaub ntawv tus kheej ntawm Efremov.
Txawm hais tias lub suab nrov, cov txij nkawm nyob tsis tau. Los ntawm cov khoom siv "ntau dhau" tsuas muaj ib lub tsheb uas Ivan yuav tom qab tau txais tus nqi khoom plig stalin rau kev tshawb fawb. Tus kws sau ntawv kom txog rau hnub kawg uas yog ib tus txiv neej, uas tau coj nyob rau hauv chav ntawm cov poj niam uas tau tos sawv, tau pab lub tsho ntev txawm tias rau cov ntxhais.
Kev tuag
Ivan Efremov sab laug lub neej thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1972, hauv ob peb teev ua ntej qhov kev sib tham ntawm cov npoj yaig ntawm cov lus ntuas. Ua kom tuag, raws li tus poj ntsuam ntawm Taii, tau dhau los ua lub plawv nres. Lub cev ntawm tus tuag rau hnub thib ob tau raug teeb tsa, thiab qhov tseeb no rau qee qhov laj thawj ua rau kev ua xyem xyav ntawm KGB.
Ib hlis tom qab lub ntees tuag, 11 cov neeg los ntawm lubyanskaya square tshawb cov chav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, suav nrog lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa ntawm cov hlau ntsuas. Dab tsi fremov xav tias thiab tseem tsis tau paub. Tab sis kom txog thaum 70s, cov lus sau ntawm Ivan tsis tau luam tawm, thiab lub npe hauv lub suab nrov, txawm tias tus kws tshawb fawb yog tus tsim ntawm kev sib txawv - cov lus hais. Los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv, raws li cov memoirs ntawm lub sijhawm, lawv tau sim tshem tawm Roman "teev Bull", txuas ntawm kab ntawm anti-siiet propaganda.
Cov tshauv ntawm Ivan Efremova raug faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas hauv Commovo, nyob ze St. Petersburg. Basal Qhov Cub Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nrab
Paj lus
"Fantasy yog tus ncej, nce siab uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam ntxiv, lossis yuav tsis muaj hmoov av thiab nws yuav tsis muaj plua plav contours." "Lub sijhawm ntawd yuav tuaj - thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov npe hu ua "kev ua haujlwm dub" yuav ploj mus rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ntawm peb lub tebchaws, Kuv tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias yav tom ntej, cov khoom yuav tau txais Nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib kaw ntawm thev naus laus zis - tshuab phom, robots, tshuab siv hluav taws xob tshuab - thiab tus neeg yuav ua rau nws muaj tswv yim rau nws. "Bibliography
- "Katty sark"
- "Rooj sib tham dua Tuskaroi"
- "Kev soj ntsuam lawv-thiab-dag"
- "TV Tus Tub Rog Ganeshina"
- "Star nkoj"
- "Kawg Marseille"
- "Ntuj raug hluav taws"
- "Ntawm ntug ntawm Okumen"
- "Bay ntawm zaj sawv dav hlau"
- "ATOLL FAKFO"
- "Yurt Voron"
- "Razin Hniav"
- "Andromeda tus nebula"
- "Teev bull"
- "Tig Athens"