Biography
Alexander Borodin yog ib tug naas ej tus paub txog thiab muaj ib tug yawm composer uas tau ua ib tug tshwj xeeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Academician uas ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm yuav tsum muaj discoveries nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov organic Science News for KIDS, xam tau tias yog science thiab tshuaj lub ntsiab hauj lwm, los ua nto moo raws li tus creator ntawm lub opera "Tub huabtais Igor", "Bogatyr" symphony thiab lwm yam suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, yug rau Kaum ib hlis 12, Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833, yog tus extramarital tub ntawm ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Georgian princely zoo ntawm Lukas Gedevanishvili thiab ib tug fortress ntxhais. Txij thaum yug kiag mus txog rau 8 xyoo, tus tub hluas tseem nyob ib hob ntawm nws txwv zeej txwv koob, thiab Porphyrian Borodin nrog nws tus poj niam Tatiana twb xam tau tias cov niam txiv ntawm cov me Sasha. Ua ntej txoj kev tuag, tus tub huabtais muab free Alexander thiab nws niam, uas tau muab rau cov tub rog kws kho mob los ntawm lub npe ntawm Kleinek, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv neej yav tom ntej, muab ib tug dav lub tsev.
Tsis muaj txoj cai tau txais kev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub chav xyaum tes taw, Borodin kawm nyob rau hauv tsev, mas yuav kis tau paub nyob rau ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv kev cai qhuab qhia. Tus tub tej paj nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag thiab tsom ib tug ib txwm mus rau lub muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum Sasha yog 9 xyoo, nws muaj ib tug tej yam me me seev cev ua si thiab pib lug tau sai dlua raj nplaim, Cello thiab piano, thiab los ntawm 13 xyoo los ua tus sau ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged kev hais kwv txhiaj ua hauj lwm tshwm sim los ntawm cov Opera "Robert dab ntxwg nyoog" Gacomo Meyerbera.
Lub fascination nrog kos duab twb tsis yog tas rau cov suab paj nruag - cov tub ntxhais composer tau enthusiastically pleev xim rau thiab koom nyob rau hauv applied creativity. Nyob rau hauv parallel, tus tub hluas los ua xav nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, science, uas pab kom to taub pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov xwm ntawm nthuav tshwm sim. Tus thawj thwmsim Borodin siv nyob rau hauv tsev. Nrhiav rau nws thiab txhawj txog lub preservation ntawm lub tsev, cov niam txiav txim siab tias cov tub yuav tau kawm tiav nrog rau cov chav xyaum tes taw thiab mus kawm ntxiv.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub sau ntawm ib lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv, tus tub hluas tau txiav txim nyob rau hauv tub txawj tub ntse thiab xa mus rau lub Medical thiab phais Academy ntawm St. Petersburg, qhov twg nws, txawj profession ntawm ib tug kws kho mob, tau stiguously koom nyob rau hauv Chemistry nyob rau hauv lub pib ntawm Nikolai Nikolayevich Zinin.
Tshuaj thiab Science News for KIDS
Qhov kawg ntawm cov kev cob qhia cov hoob kawm nyob rau hauv 1857, Borodin ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tub rog lub tsev kho mob. Ib xyoo tom qab, nws tiv thaiv nws thesis, tau txais ib tug doctoral degree nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab coj li kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm. Tus thawj scientific ua hauj lwm uas koob meej Alexander yog ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm mineral dej nyob rau hauv tib lub cev, uas ua rau pej xeem nyob rau hauv 1859.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub Academic Council xa Borodin txawv teb chaws mus tsa cov kev tsim nyog thiab tau txais txawv teb chaws kev. Rau 2 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ua surrounded los ntawm ci ntsa iab zaum, Edward Jung, Ivan Sechenov, Sergey Botkin, Nikolai Zinin, Dmitry Mendeleev, ib tug hluas soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv koom lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Congress lub tus paub txog, qhov twg lub tswv yim ntawm kev "molecule" thiab "atom" tau kom meej meej tseg.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub teb chaws ua lag ua luam mus txawv tebchaws, Borodin xyuas Ltalis, tau ntsib los ntawm lub zos professors, teem tshuaj thwmsim nrog fluoride tebchaw ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv Kuaj ntawm lub University of Pisa. Lub caij ntuj sov 1862 Cov tub hluas ntxhais tus paub txog siv dua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab tau tsiv mus rau lub Fabkis capital rau lub caij ntuj no.
Alexander rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1863. Nws dhau ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv scientific ua hauj lwm thiab muab txoj hauj lwm ntawm Assistant Professor ntawm lub Academy, uas yog nrog rau kev qhia. Ib xyoo tom qab, Borodin tsa mus rau lub zoo tib yam xib fwb thiab qhia yuav ua lub tshuaj kuaj, qhov twg nws txuas ntxiv mus koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb.
Nyob rau hauv 1868, ua ke nrog nws tus kws qhia ntawv, Nikolai Zinin, Alexander nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tshuaj Society, thiab ces pab mus rau Dmitry Mendeleev nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev kho mob chav kawm rau ntawm tej, qub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv 1877, Borodin mus txog sab sauv kauj ruam ntawm tus paub txog lub zej lub zos thiab tau txais lub npe ntawm academician, thiab nyob rau hauv 1883 lub Lavxias teb sab kws kho mob haiv neeg raug xaiv nws nrog ib tug mus saib xyuas neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm lub scientific hauj lwm, ib tug txawj ntse chemist sau ntau tshaj 40 tej hauj lwm, nws belongs rau lub foundations ntawm benzene fluoride thiab cov qauv ntawm cov muab halogen-pawg carbon, uas hu ua Borodin-Hunsdiker lub tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Zaj nkauj
Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Borodin them ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm scientific ua hauj lwm, lub suab paj nruag txuas ntxiv mus yuav ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm nws biography. Raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, Alexander Porfiryevich muaj tej yam me me ua rau piano thiab romantics, feem ntau nrov ntawm cov uas twb "Arab Suab paj nruag", "Tsaug zog ntxhais fuabtais" thiab "Tsaus Hav zoov Song". Travelling txawv teb chaws, nws tau mus concerts, tau ntsib nrog rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm European composers ntawm Ferenz Nplooj, Felix Mendelssohn, Frederick Chopin, Richard Wagner, Robert Shuman thiab lwm tus neeg.
Nyob rau St. Petersburg, cov kws tshawb fawb hluas tau ntsib suab paj nruas thiab pej xeem mussorgsky, nyob rau qhov twg, piv txwv rau nws, ib tus neeg muaj zog, Nikolay Rimsky-korsakov, korsakov, caesar kyui. Lub koom haum, taws los ntawm cov zajlus critic, Vladimir Stasov, uas ua lub thib ob tsev neeg ntawm Borodin, pab cov suab paj nruas saj thiab muaj tswv yim ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov composer, uas suav tias yog qhov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev lig kev cai ntawm Mikhail Glinka.
Tus kheej sau Alexander Porfiryevich ua rau ntawm Dick Yav tsaus ntuj hauv lub tsev loj hauv Mitrofan Belyaeva, qhov chaw Lavxias muaj tswv yim neeg tseem ceeb tau sib sau ua ke. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswv ntawm borodina tau ywj pheej, kev hlub rau lub teb chaws mextland, kev khav theeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Borodin tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov heroic-epic ntau heev hauv Lavxias music.
Thawj qhov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov qauv tshiab, tua nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm nws tus phooj ywg tus thawj coj ntawm Mia Balakirev, coj tus kws sau ntawv mus rau European koob meej thiab muaj koob meej. Tus kws sau ntawv muaj 16 txoj kev sib hlub, 3 playhoies, cov paj xwm, suab paj nruag "hauv Central Asia", nrog rau lub Opera "Bogati" thiab "Prince igor".
Qhov tseeb loj ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm borodin tau raug tshwm sim hauv tus thib 2 "Bogatyr" Symphony, uas ua rau cov neeg Lavxias. Hauv cov epic ua haujlwm no, kev seev cev motives tau intertwined nrog sincere cov ntsiab lus thiab, maj mam zawm, hloov mus rau cov suab muaj zog ntawm cov players ntawm epic.
Nrog rau "Bogatyr" Symphony, qhov tsis tiav Opera "Prince igor", tshaj uas tus sau ua haujlwm rau 18 xyoo. Nws los ua ib tug beehole ntawm ib tug heroic-epic style nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, amazing lub scale ntawm scenes nyob rau hauv lub tua ntawm cov pej xeem paab chorus tseem thiab lub holistic embodiment ntawm ib tug neeg dluab. Nthuav qhov tseeb tias cov kev tsim zoo no tau tsim los ntawm cov kws sau ua ke hauv kev sib txawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv npaj rau ib qho kev sau ntawv qee zaum tau los ua lwm yam.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Thaum nws nyob txawv tebchaws, borodin saib xyuas cov tub ntxhais hluas pianist Catherine Protectorera, muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees uas yog kev kho mob los ntawm mob hawb pob. Tus hluas nkauj uas muaj tsis hnov feem ntau musicated nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm ib tus paub txog, acquaintance nrog cov writings ntawm European composers. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau siv sijhawm ntau nyob ua ke, xyuas kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv Baden-Baden, tsis ntev poob rau kev sib hlub thiab txiav txim siab sib yuav.
Lub tshoob coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1863. Ob peb khom nyob hauv St. Petersburg, hauv tsev ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv txoj kev boor.
Vim mob muaj teeb meem nrog lub ntsws, Ekaterina Sergeyevna yuav tsis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nws departures rau Moscow rau hauv leej niam lub lub tsev haus Borodin tus kheej lub neej. Muaj ntau cov lus muaj tseeb ntawm cov biography ntawm tus paub txog thiab lub composer xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tau kawm los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv uas cov txij nkawm sib pauv thaum lub sij hawm sib cais. Lub ob peb tsis muaj cov me nyuam thiab precast lub neej kho siab khuav ntawm tej kev txhawj xeeb txog cov tub kawm ntawv coj mus rau qhov kev kho mob, uas raug xam tias yog haiv neeg cov ntxhais.
Kev tuag
Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej txoj kev, Borodin yog nquag koom nyob rau hauv pej xeem lag luam, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau yam koom haum, lub taub hau ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv hu nkauj ua ke thiab cov Academy Symphony Orchestra, koom nyob rau hauv lub receptions thiab costume yav tsaus ntuj, nrov nyob rau hauv lub scientific ib puag ncig.
Nyob rau hauv 1880, ib tug phooj ywg thiab cov xib fwb ntawm lub composer Nikolay Zinin tuag, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tsis los ua ib tug nyiam colleague coj Musorgsky. Ntxhov siab ua hauj lwm, tus kheej losses thiab kev kho mob rau cov neeg muaj mob tus poj niam yuam ib tug cim rau ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb lub xeev ntawm Borodin.
Lub ob hlis ntuj 27, 1887, nyob rau lub koob tsheej ntawm lub dav Carnival, lub composer muaj kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab npoj yaig, ib tug ntau nws seev cev thiab joked. Nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm tus hais mav, Alexander Porfiryevich woved nyob rau hauv ib nrab-lo lus thiab crawled rau hauv pem teb. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib tug zoo kawg tus paub txog thiab lub composer yog cov kis ntawm lub plawv.
Borodin faus nyob rau hauv necropolis masters uas kawm askiv Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Ib tug monument nrog lub portrait ntawm lub tuag, surrounded los ntawm cov molecular qauv, twb ntsia rau lub qhov ntxa.
Thaum resigned nrog tsis tau, cov phoojywg Borodin puas tau ib co ntawm nws tsis tas tsim yaam tshab. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov thiab lwm yam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov suab paj nruas zej zog ua kom tiav cov opera tub huabtais Igor, uas yog xa mus rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv 1890, Alexander Glazunov ua ib tug orchestration ntawm lub koob thib 3 symphony A-Moll.
Ua hauj lwm
- 1849 - "Panthetic Adagio (AS-DUR)"
- 1850s - "Mloog, girlfriends, kuv song"
- 1862 - "Txoj hlua Quintet (F-Moll)"
- 1866 - "Symphony No. 1 ES-DUR"
- 1867 - "Tsaug zog ntxhais fuabtais"
- 1868-1872 - "Txiv neej suab Quartet tsis accompaniment" Serenade ntawm plaub cavaliers ntawm ib tug poj niam "
- 1868 - "Bogatyry"
- 1869-1887 - "Tub huabtais Igor"
- 1875 - "Symphony Zaj 2 H-Moll" Bogatyr "
- 1887 - "Symphony Zaj 3 A-Moll"
- 1880 - "Symphonic daim duab" Nyob rau hauv Central Asia "