Biography
Yanka Kupala yog tus kws sau paj lug ntawm Belarus, uas nws cov paj huam ntawm Belarus, uas nws tus tub paj nruag "tus tub thiab txhawb Yuri Gagarin ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm Cosmos. Nws, raws li ntau tus sau phau Soviet lub sij hawm, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm txoj cai, ntau tshaj ib zaug muab rau nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tuag ntawm kev tuag. Lub sijhawm tuag ntawm Kupala tseem yog ib qho laj thawj los tshawb nrhiav cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab kev thuam cov lus hais.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Yanka Kupala (lub npe tiag tiag - Ivan Dominicovic Lutsevich) tau yug rau lub tsev neeg Belarusian hauv Dominica nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm Belarusian lub zos thiab Benignee, Ivanovna (hauv Maj mam). Cov niam txiv, cov uas cov followers ntawm Roman Catholic lub Koom Txoos, hu ua tus tub hauv kev hwm ntawm tus Yaj Saub uas ua kev ua kev cai raus dej.
Thawj cov lus hais ntawm Lutschi hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua XVII: ces tus yawg ntawm tus kws sau paj lug ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj Lithuanian Hom radzivilov ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los them rau nws tus Dominic ntawm Onufrievich, uas, txawm yog ib chav tshwj xeeb, yog qhov tseeb ntawm tus neeg pluag neeg pluag. Nws muab nyiaj rau txoj hauv kev los ua kev lag luam.
Ivan tau pab nws txiv hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis tiv thaiv kev lag luam tsis tiv thaiv tus kws sau nkauj tom ntej hauv 1898 kom tiav los ntawm cov neeg Belarusian lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Dominic thiab Benioga coj tau 8 tus menyuam: Ivan cov tijlaug - Anton thiab Casi, Lokadia, lub npe ntawm lub tom kawg tsis yog qhia tawm cov chaw qhib. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1902, tsev neeg tseem tsis yog tus cij, thiab rau lub hlis tom qab, txhua tus viv ncaus Ivan thiab kwv tij mob. Caseme, Sabina thiab Gelena tuag lawm.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej tseem ceeb hauv tsev neeg uas tau txais Lucevich kom tsis txhob muaj tub rog. Hauv cov ntawv thov kom rov hais dua rau xyoo 1903 muaj ib qho uas nws yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub nroog thib 2 ntawm lub nroog Ginais-Sloboda. Nws yog txoj hmoo tau mus rau hauv pab tub rog tsuas yog xyoo 1916, mus rau ib txoj kev ua tub pab pawg.
Tus kws sau paj lug biography tsis tuaj yeem hu tau yooj yim. Txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Ivan tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho tsev neeg. Nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib txawv, ntxuav sab kev, cov ntawv faib tawm - nws tau coj mus rau cov viv ncaus rau cov viv ncaus thiab cov niam.
Xyoo 1904, cov xeeb ntxwv-Mexiyas ntawm Ivan Vasily (Yanka) Anggochinsky cheesrisna tias nws tus tub tsim nyog nyob nws lub neej. Tus txiv neej tau cog lus tias yuav tau saib xyuas cov tsev neeg Lutsevian. Nws khaws lo lus - sib yuav Mary, Muam Ivan, thiab tau los ua ib tus tswv tsev tag nrho. Ivan tau tsiv mus rau Minsk, qhov uas nws txoj kev kawm ntawv tau tawg paj tawg hauv tag nrho cov xim.
Phau Ntawv thiab Ntawv Tshaj Tawm
Ivan tau pib ua haujlwm hauv Polish - thawj kab tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "nplej" xyoo 1903 hauv qab pseudonym k ,. Thaum Lub Xya Hli Tim 15, 1904, lub teeb tsa kev debuted luam tawm nyob rau hauv Belarusian lus "Kuv cov haujlwm" (1905) pib nce tus kws sau paj lug rau lub yeeb koob.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj cov ntawv xov xwm raug cai nyob rau hauv Belarusian lus tau tsim nyob hauv Vilnius - "Peb faib" thiab "peb NIVA". Nyob rau hauv ob tsab xyoo 1907, cov paj huam "Kospla" tau tshaj tawm, uas cim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Ivan, lub npe hu ua Yanka Kupala, mus rau lub teb chaws foob.
Pseudonym Yanka Kupala yog tsim los ntawm Belarusian version ntawm lub npe Ivan thiab lub npe hnub so. Raws li cov cim, yog tias lub paj ntawm tus fern, tus txiv neej uas pom nws pom nws pom ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab khoom siv khoom txhu nyob rau Ivan Kupala. Lutsevic xav ua rau cov nyeem nrog lub paj zoo siab no.
Xyoo 1908, cov kwv huam ntawm tus tub hluas Belarusian sau tau sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv qhov chaw pib sau ntawm "dudochka". Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau coj thawj cov teeb meem nrog cov tub ceev xwm: PETERSURG Pawg Thawj Coj tau tshaj tawm hauv lub xeev los tiv thaiv, thiab tus kws sau ntawv raug ntes. Tsis ntev ntawm tus kws sau paj huam dawb thiab tam sim ntawd tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm ntawv xov xwm "Peb NIVA", yog li tsis yog los txiav txim siab txog kev ua thawj coj.
Petersburg nthuav qhia nrog Belarusian muaj kev sib pab nrog cov kws sau paj huam Yakhauj thiab cov valery Bryusov. Bryusov yog thawj tus kws sau paj lug uas txhais cov kwv huam ntawm kev tso dag rau hauv Lavxias. Xyoo 1910, Yanka luam tawm txoj kev sau thib ob ntawm cov paj huam "husar", thiab tom qab ntawd ze rau kev sau ua si. Kupala sawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm Belarusian theatre. Zaj "nkauj nyob mus ib txhis" thiab kev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tseem sau "Golden Fund" ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Belarus.
Lub hlaws tiag tiag yog suav tias yog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tiag tiag yog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab "(1912) Txog tus ntxhais uas xaiv tus txiv neej uas xaiv cov niam txiv tsis sib haum xeeb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm Thawj Muse Yankee Peacock Madrka. Xyoo 1913, tus kws sau paj huam sau ib tug qauv autobiographical sau "raisted zes" hais txog tsev neeg, uas loses vaj tse - tsev thiab av. Yanka Kupala hais tias:
"Kuv nqis peev tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua si no, uas yog nyob rau hauv kuv paj huam thiab prose."Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo kev sau peb ntawm cov paj huam ntawm "Nyob zoo lub neej" tawm los. Qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev muaj tswv yim tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv peb NIVA, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1914 nws tau coj tus ncej ntawm cov thawj ntawm cov thawj tswj editor.
Qhov tsim ntawm lub Soviet pab cuam tau hloov cov vector ntawm paj huam kov. Ib qho piv txwv kaj yog qhov kev txom nyem "hauv zos" (1922). Nws qhia txog ib tug txiv neej uas sim nrog txhua tus lawv muaj kev hloov kho kom muaj kev hloov chaw nyob sai sai, tab sis nws hloov tawm mus ua tawg. Raws li cov tub ceev xwm, kev ua haujlwm tau muaj kev ntxoov ntxoo tsis zoo, thiab xyoo 1927, qhov kev ua si raug txwv.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev yoog tau nyob rau txhua txoj kev sau qoob loo ntawm tus sau, mus txog rau kev ua tsov ua rog zoo. Vim tias qhov no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm yankee, cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov xovxwm aggrument. Xyoo 1930, kev tsis sib haum xeeb mus txog Apogee. Tus txiv neej raug liam tias yog neeg ua tebchaw, ntaus nqi rau lub Koom Haum nrog lub koom haum ntawm Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Lag Luam ntawm Belarus. Kev raug mob ib txwm thiab kev tshaj tawm tau thawb tus kws sau paj lug tua tus kheej.
Hauv kev foob foob tus kheej, hais rau lub taub hau ntawm tsoomfwv BSSr, Alexander Cyaakov, Yanka Kupala sau:
"Ib zaug ntxiv, ua ntej kev tuag, Kuv tshaj tawm tias kuv tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua lub koom haum sib koom tes thiab tsis yog yuav. Nws tuaj yeem pom, xws li sib faib ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Hang Yesenin Hanged Nws tus kheej, Mayakovsky txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nws tus kheej, thiab kuv muaj ib txoj hauv kev ntawd rau lawv. "Kev tua tus kheej, ua rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22, 1930, tsis yog crowned nrog kev vam meej. Belorus tau raug yuam kom luam tawm ib tsab ntawv qhib uas nws lees txim rau kev txhaum txuas rau nws thiab tsis tau ua yuam kev sai sai.
Tom qab cov nom zam txim, cov tub ceev xwm thaum kawg sab laug Yankke ntawm lub nroog ntawm so. Ntxiv mus, thaum xyoo 1939, tus kws sau paj lug tau txais kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin, thiab xyoo 1941, lub xeev tus nqi zog ntawm USURE DEGECT Hwm tau nthuav tawm. Kev sau khoom "los ntawm lub siab" (1940) yog vim li cas vim li cas rau qhov khoom plig.
Hauv kev ua tsov rog xyoo, kws sau paj lug ua npe nrov rau cov paj huam "Belarusian cov tsiaj txhu". Cov kev ua haujlwm nyob rau lub suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua Anthem ntawm cov av, thiab thawj kab - "partsisans, partusian cov tub!" Ua haujlwm ua ib lub cav hu "Soviet Belarus".
Ntxiv rau kev sau ntawv, yanka kupala koom nrog kev txhais lus. Ua tsaug rau nws, 92 cov khoom ntawm 36 cov kws sau ntawv tau lub suab nyob rau hauv cov lus Belarusian, suav nrog lo lus hais txog lub cev, "tus tooj liab Rider" Alexander Laub.
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Ib qho kev pab rau tus kheej thiab muaj tswv yim ntawm Yankee Kupala qhia nws thawj zaug ua ntej - The Belarusian actress Pavlin Vikentievna Madylka. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov kwv huam "Bondarovna" thiab "tus poj niam" eelesa "," Kuv yuav muaj ib tus hlub los hlub nrog ... "thiab lwm tus.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas ntsib nyob rau xyoo 1909. Txuj ci ntawm peacock faskated tus kws sau paj lug, yog li nws hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua si "Pavlinka" tau muab rau nws. Thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau nyiam lub yankon style: Ntawm ob peb daim duab thiab cov duab ntawm tus kws sau paj lug nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nws tau hnav ris tsho, sib ntswg lub hwj txwv thiab siv tus pas nrig.
Tsis muaj qhov tshiab ntawm ob tug neeg muaj tswv yim, lawv tau raug kev tshoov siab los ntawm ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tub ntxhais nrog Vladislav frantznaya stankevich nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1916 tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus siab rau yaj yuam. Tau coj kev sib yuav tau coj hauv Moscow hauv hiav txwv Petus thiab Paul.
Yanka thiab Vladislav nyob ua ke rau 26 xyoo, lawv tsis muaj menyuam, txawm hais tias lawv xav tau los txais yuav tus ntxhais.
18 xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv, ib tug poj niam nyob nrog qhov kev nco mus ib txhis ntawm nws tus hlub. Lub Tsib Hlis 25, 1944, StanNevich qhib lub xeev tsev khaws ntaub ntawv tsev Nyeem Ntawv Yankee Kupala, uas haujlwm tam sim no.
Kev tuag
Kev tuag sai ntawm lub teb chaws kws sau paj lug ntawm Belarus yog kev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia txaus, txij li tshwm sim dab tsi tshwm sim thiab xaus nrog qhov ua rau kev tuag. Lub Rau Hli 18, 1942, Yankke Kupala hu rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, nws tau ntsib nrog phooj ywg, hu rau 60 xyoos, kho cov khoom qab zib.Lub Rau Hli 28, raws li cov neeg hu ua cov neeg ua pov thawj, tus kws sau paj lug tau tawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham tseemceeb, uas tau muaj nyob ntawm Moscow Hotel, nrog cov lus: "Kuv rau ib feeb." Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, muaj suab nrov hauv tambour, thiab cov qhua tawm hauv chav. Lawv pom tias Yanka Kupala poob mus rau hauv lub staircase ncua los ntawm 10 plag tsev thiab poob rau kev tuag. Hauv lub moos yog 22:33.
Muaj 3 hom kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug: txoj hmoo, tua tus kheej thiab tua neeg. Ntau cov neeg sau keeb kwm tau tuav cov tom kawg. Nyob rau Eva ntawm kev nyuaj siab, tus kws sau paj lug nyob hauv lub siab zoo, nws sau los ntawm Paj Huam "Belarusian Partyans" (1942) tau ua tiav. Ib qho ntxiv, tus txiv neej nkawm khau tseem nyob ntawm Staircase, uas nws tuaj yeem poob hauv kev sib ntaus. Pom cov tim khawv txog kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug thiab tus poj niam khiav tawm.
Yanka Menyuam dev Kremated, cov seem tau hlawv ntawm lub vagankovsky toj ntxas. Txij li xyoo 1962, nws lub ntxa tau nyob hauv Mssk ntawm cov tub rog toj ntxas.
Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub teb chaws kws sau paj lug, cov tsev kawm qib siab, txoj kev, plaub fab, cov chaw ruaj khov yog npe. Xyoo 1945, nws tau muab cov khoom plig zoo nkauj "rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow."
Bibliography
Kev sau cov paj huam:
- 1908 - "Dudochka" ("Thov Vajtswv")
- 1910 - "Husar"
- 1913 - "Nyob Zoo Lub Neej"
- 1922 - "Cuab yeej cuab tam"
- Xyoo 1925 - "tsis muaj npe hu li"
- Xyoo 1930 - "Flowering"
- Xyoo 1936 - "" nkauj nraug "
- Xyoo 1937 - "Belarusian Belarus"
- 1940 - "Los ntawm lub siab"
- Xyoo 1942 - "Belarusian partyans"
Paj huam thiab plays:
- 1908 - "Rau dab tsi?"
- 1910 - "Pw tsaug zog hauv Kuranan"
- Xyoo 1912 - "Pavlinka"
- 1913 - "Rasky Zes"
- 1913 - "thiab kuv"
- Xyoo 1922 - "Hauv Zos"