Tari
A cikin karni na 19th, Ambroza Birsa aka ji mafi tasiri jarida na Amurka, da kuma "m" labaru da aka sa a kan daya mataki tare da labarun daga cikin mafi munin na tsoro na Edgar Allan a kuma Howard Phillips Lovecraft. A biography na marubuci, kazalika da wallafe-wallafen da ayyukansu, cike da bala'in da kuma abõkin. Babban asiri, dab aa har yanzu: yadda da kuma lokacin Ambroza Birsc mutu, kuma mafi muhimmanci - wanda ya sa mutuwarsa.Yaro da matasa
Ambroza Gwinnet Birs aka haife kan Yuni 24, 1842 a Maigs, Ohio. Shi ne mai goma na 13 yara na purebred Burtaniya Mark Abrailia Birs da Laura Sherwood Bours. All maza da mata sa a sunan fara zuwa harafin "A". Saboda haka, da 'yan'uwanku mãtã na ambrosis kira Abigail, Amelia, Ann (Ann a kan Latineta), Almedia, Adelia da Aurelia, kuma Sabri - Addison, Averali, Augustus, Andrew (Andrew), Albert kuma Arthur.
Birza iyali ya matalauta financially, amma arziki a hankalce. Yana da iyaye ke yi alkawarin da soyayya littattafai da rubuce-rubuce da marubuci.
Civil War samu Birsc 19-shekara boys. Zama infantryman, ya halarci ayyukan a kan ƙasa na zamani Yammacin Virginia, ga yakin Filibi a watan Yuni 1861 da kuma yakin Shailo a watan Afrilu 1862. A karshe Event Birs sadaukar da littafin "Abin da na gani a Shailo" (1887).
Burs iya gina wani soja aiki, idan ta kasance ba ga wani rauni da kai, ya samu a watan Yuni 1864, a wurin yaƙi a Dutsen Kenneso. Duk lokacin rani, nan gaba marubuci ya ciyar a asibiti, da kuma a cikin Janairu 1865 ya yi ritaya.
Rayuwar sirri
Ciki kai Birça Ambroza rayuwa. Ya kawai matarsa Maria Ellen DY a 1872 haifi farko-mentiones, a 1874, da kuma a 1875 Helen. Dukansu 'ya'yan mutu baya fiye da ubansu: Di a 1889 ta kashe kansa saboda unrequited soyayya, kuma ko, wahala daga barasa dogara, a 1901th halakar da ciwon huhu. Helen rayu har 1940.A 1888, gano wata wasika daga matarsa daga lover, Birshe koma. Maza saki a 1904.
Littattafai
The m hanya na Birca Ambroz fara da aikin jarida. Ya sadaukar da wannan wuya hali for 37 shekaru, daga 1872 zuwa 1909. A Birsc daidai satirically da cynically iya gaya duniya duka biyu game da al'adu da kuma zamantakewa cimma gaci da kuma kudi collaps da kuma kisan kai.
Duk da daruruwan matsalar aikin jaridar kayan, Birsz ya zama shahararren farko a matsayin marubuci. Ya fi shahara labarai da aka "haife" tsakanin 1888 da kuma 1891. Kila m fantsama tsokani matsaloli a rayuwa.
Burs basira bayyana munin gani a yaki. Labarun "harka a kan gada a kan Sovic Creek" (1890), "doki a cikin sama" (1891), "Daya daga cikin m" (1891). Su tsakanin 25 labaru shiga tarin "Tatsũniyõyi ne game da sojoji da farar hula" (1892), wanda Club Gyol hada da wani "100 mafi tasiri American littattafai buga kafin 1900".
"The hali a kan gada a kan Sovic Creek" shi ne mafi screenable labarin na Birca. A farko film, har yanzu kuma bẽbãye da baki da fari, ya fito a 1929, kuma aka kira da "gada". A shekarar 1962, da farko na gajeren fina-finai na Sovic Creek, wanda ya dauki Oscar da kuma Golden Palm Branch. Ko Karin Hichkok aka dauka domin umurnin da ya sake zagayowar "Alfred Hitchcock."
Mafi shahara aiki a cikin Birz bibliography ne Shaiɗan, Dictionary (1911). Da farko, da aikin da aka kira da sunan "Lexicon Cynic", biyu versions daidai bayyana abun ciki.
The "Shaiɗan Dictionary" kunshi satirical ma'anar Turanci kalmomi. Alal misali, rabo, bisa ga Birca, shi ne "abin da despot kuɓutar da villainance, da kuma wawa - gazawar," da kuma lauya ne da wani mutum wanda basira da kewaye dokokin. A farkon karni na 20th, da "Shaiɗan Dictionary" warwatse a cikin quotes, wasu Jagora har yanzu suna rare.
Found daga Birs da kuma m alheri. Saboda haka, marubucin aka zarge shi da hali to "wayo" endings. A Sahaban rubuta cewa a cikin baya labaru, Birs da wata manufa don buga mai karatu, "hari kai-gamsu ilimi lafiya." Amma Lovevkraft na aikin Birsa son. Ya rubuta cewa wasu daga cikin Amirkawa 'labaru ne manufa misalai na sufi almarar.
Mutuwa
A watan Oktoba 1913, 71-shekara Ambroza Birsa tafi a kan yawon shakatawa na yakin basasa filayen. Suka ce, ya yi tafiya tare da sojojin Pancho Villa.A karshe ambaci Bire kwanakin baya Disamba 26, 1913. Sa'an nan, ya rubuta wani aboki harafi: "Amma ni, zan tafi gobe a wani unknown shugabanci." The wasika da aka ba kiyaye su a cikin duniya photo archives, abin da ya sa shakka a kan sosai al'amari ta zama. Duk da haka, tun sa'an nan da marubuci ya bace.
A mutuwar Birca, mutanen Pancho Willia roba, amma biographer da aboki marubuci Walter Nile da'awar cewa Birsc soki juyin juya halin Musulunci da kuma taba shiga tawagar.
Asirin bacewar na Birca zauna underestimated, duk da yawan versions (ciki har da kisan kai).
Faɗa
"Mouse - Animal, da rayuwa hanyar wanda aka duffled da disfigured mata." "Tarihin - bayanin, mafi yawa a kansa da ƙarya, abubuwa, yawanci qananan, jajirce da shugabanni, yafi a low, kuma warriors, yawanci wawa." "Cynic - a villain cewa gani ga hasashensu. Things ne kamar su ne, kuma ba yadda ya kamata su kasance. "" Shekara ne a lokacin kunshi 365 acin rai. "Littafi daya
- 1872 - "Demon murna"
- 1874 - "Web daga wani komai a kwanyar"
- 1877 - "Dance Mutuwa"
- 1892 - "tatsuniyoyi game da sojoji da farar hula" ( "a lokacin farin ciki na rayuwar")
- 1892 - "Black beetles a amber"
- 1892 - "m da Palacha 'yar"
- 1893 - "Za a iya kasance?"
- 1899 - "Fantastic Basinie"
- 1909 - "Shadow kan kira na sauri"
- 1911 - "Shaiɗan Dictionary"