Tari
Marubucin da ilimin falsafa Ana kiranta duniya da farko a duniya: Ya rayu a cikin gandun daji ba tare da dacewa da shekaru 2 ba, watanni 2 da kwanaki 2. Kwarewa ya dagu da babban abu a tarihin da ya yi na littafin "Walden, ko rayuwa a cikin gandun daji." Herative Creative Toro - Labarai, essays, waƙoƙi, rubutun - yana da kunshe 20.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Henry David Toro a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1817 a Concorde, Massachusetts, a cikin wani kyakkyawan iyali: mahaifinsa John Tortle, mahaifiyarsa Yahaya ya yi aiki a masana'antar don samar da fensir, da mahaifiyar Cynthia ta sadaukar da kansa ga gona.
A haila da marubuci, an ambaci sunan Dauda da kawun a kan Layin Uba. Ga ɗalibin, ya bayyana ga Dauda David, ya sunaye a wurare. A cikin falsafar sunan falsafa ya kasance iri ɗaya.
Henry Toro ya kawowa da Helen da Sofers, dan uwana Sophia, dan uwana. Dukkansu suna jiran rayuwar rayuwa ta rayuwa da dorewa. Yahaya ya mutu a shekara 27 daga tetanus, sauran tarin ɓarna: Helen ya mutu a shekara 36, Henry - Sofia - 407 shekara.
A cikin 1833-1837, Toro ya yi karatu a kwalejin Harvard, amma difloma ba ta karba ba - sun ce, sun ƙi biyan aikin ($ 125 ga kudi na zamani). A gaskiya ma, Toro ya yi imani cewa difloma na kwalejin Harvard ba ta wakiltar darajar ilimi ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Henry Toro ya rayu shi kadai ne, ba ya taba yin aure kuma bashi da yara. Koyaya, rayuwarsa ta sirri ita ce batun hasashe ga zamani. An zarge shi da liwadi da ilmin aure. Bayanin da ya ci gaba da haɗin kai tare da maza ko mata ba a kiyaye maza ko mata ba.Littattafai da Falsafa
Gargajiya game da Seconce Harvard Kwaleji Phere - Cocin, Kasuwanci, magani - ba sha'awar Toro ba. Madadin haka, a cikin 1838, Henry tare da ɗan'uwansa ya bude makarantar Concory. Daliban Gymentan wasan motsa jiki na motsa jiki a kan titi, da kuma kasuwanci nazarin a kan misalin shagunan gidaje da masana'antu. An rufe makarantar a 1842, bayan rasuwar Yahaya Toro.
Marubucin sha'awar falsafa da bincike sun farkar Ralph Walph Walph Walph Walph Walph Walph Walph Omerson na daya daga cikin manyan masu tunani na Amurka. Tare da hasken haskensa a cikin watan Yuli 1840, esp na farko na Toro "Avl Farisia Flakk" aka buga a cikin mujallar ta kira. Ya kunshi bayanan diary.
Toro ɗan halitta ne, Falsafa koya ta hanyar dangantakar yanayi da wani mutum. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da yasa a 1845 ya gina bunadi a cikin gandun daji kuma ya zama mai rufewa.
Tunanin motsi cikin kurciya ya fito ya gabatar da marubucin William eller channing a matsayin magani daga rikicin kirkiro. A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1845, Toro ya fara wannan gwajin 2. Ya rayu a kandami, a cikin gidan Emerson.
Ko da a cikin gandun daji Toro ya sami masu tattara haraji. A watan Yuni 1846, sun nemi marubuci damar biyan bashin, wanda aka tara sama da shekaru 6. Ya ki, wanda ya kwana a kurkuku.
Sakamakon gwaninta na Toro da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin laccoci "Hakkoki da wajibai na mutum a cikin sadarwa tare da gwamnati". Daga baya, an sake yin su zuwa cikin asalin zamantakewa da siyasa "(1849), sun sadaukar da kai ga kishin adawa da gwagwarmaya da bayi.
A gefen gefen Walderky pond Toro ya karɓi abun da ke da kyau na "sati akan Rivaisak" (1849) Ya sadaukar da shi ga ɗan'uwan Yahaya. Rubutun bai sha'awa cikin masu shela, don haka Toro buga ko da wasu kofe dubu a gwargwadon lamuni. Kimanin littattafai 300 sun rarrabu.
Taron Henry Toro a cikin daji ya ƙare ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1847, kuma matar matar da ake buƙata a cikin tattalin arziƙi, da kuma falsafar da kansa ke tafiya a Turai.
Shekaru masu zuwa Toro sun sadaukar da rubutun "Walden, ko rayuwa a cikin gandun daji" (1854). Marubucin ya yi aiki a cikin rabuwa fiye da shekaru biyu, amma a cikin littafin lokacin yana raguwa har zuwa shekara. Wajibi ne a nuna ci gaban mutum a cikin daidaitawa tare da lokacin shekara.
"Walden, ko rayuwa a cikin gandun daji" ba shi da sha'awar zamanin nan, amma daga baya masu sukar da ake kira littafin mafi kyau a Toro Bambiography. Mariya Robert Dosts Hagu da irin wannan zancen game da ita:
"Wani littafinsa guda ɗaya [Toro] ya fi ƙarfin abin da Amurka ta taɓa halitta."Daga 1851, Toro ya fi nutsuwa cikin yanayi, bi da ripening na apples, da girma bishiyoyi. Sakamakon ya kasance da yawa na ayyuka kan Botanic. Don haka, a cikin rubutun "ci gaba da bishiyoyin daji" (1852), Toro ya bayyana yadda ake mayar da gandun daji bayan gobarar mutum ko kuma sa hannun mutum.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1835, marubucin ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da tarin fuka. Wannan cuta daga baya ya zama mutuwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Toro ya ɗauki nauyin gado. Tsammani ƙarshen lokacin, ya shirya ayyukan da ba a shirya ba - "gandun daji na Mane" (1864) da "Code Code" (1895).Toro ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1862. Jikinsa yana kan makabarta na bacci a cikin Concord. Kabilar da ta yi sunyi kyau a kan lokaci: hukunci da hotunan, ana sassaka kalmar "Henry" a kan kabarin kabarin.
Faɗa
- "Idan ka saba da kyau ba ka lura ba, to kuna da sha'awar."
- "Yi hukunci da lafiyar ku ta yadda kuke farin ciki game da safe da bazara."
- "Ban taɓa haduwa da abokin tarayya kamar yadda ake so a matsayin kadaici ba."
- "Nasarar yawanci yakan zo ga waɗanda ba su da yawa don neman sa."
Littafi daya
- 1849 - "Matifa akan Rivers Concord da Merrimak"
- 1849 - "Baiban jama'a ba ne"
- 1850 - "Yankees a Kanada"
- 1854 - "Walden, ko rayuwa a cikin gandun daji"
- 1854 - "Bauta a Massachusetts"
- 1859 - "A cikin Tsaron Kyaftin John Brown"
- 1862 - "tafiya"
- 1863 - "Rayuwa ba tare da ka'idodi ba"
- 1864 - "gandun daji na mane"
- 1865 - "cape Code"