Tari
Erhich Honekker - wani mutum wanda ya jagoranci GDR na kusan shekara 20 ya samu tare da tallafin Soviet Union ta karbuwa a matakin kasa da kasa. A tsakiyar karni na 21, an buga manufar a bainar jama'a ba, tare da fasikanci da fasikanci, wanda aka zarge tsoffin batutuwa da kalubalen yamma.Yaro da matasa
Shugaban Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus an haifeshi a garin Neukirchen duniya Saar a watan Agusta 1912. Erich shi ne na huɗu na 'ya'yan Shakhtar Wilhelm Honecker da matarsa Catharina. Takalan tarihin babban ɗan'uwan da ake kira ga girmamawa ga mahaifin an yanke shi zuwa gabashin gabashin a 1944. Duk iyayen biyu Erich sun rayu shekaru 80.
A cikin shekaru 10, dan ƙungiyar kwaminisanci, zuwa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Jamusawa. Bayan makaranta, daga cikin shekaru 2 ya yi aiki a matsayin barrack da shekara guda da rabi nazarin ƙwarewar rufin a Uncle.
A cikin 1930s Honekker, na shekaru 2 ya shugabanci Cellar da Komsomol, an tura shi don yin karatu a Moscow zuwa Makarantar Kasar Lenin. Yarinyar ya halarci gina maganes.
Bayan ya dawo Saar, wani matasan kwaminisanci ya yi kokarin dubar da kasar-zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1935, Malaya Eyland Estich, wanda ya kasance a baya a karkashin yarjejeniyar gwamnatin kasashen Kasashen, wanda aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar Adolf Hitler. A cikin hunturu na 1935, Honecker ya gudu zuwa Faransa, amma ya dawo cikin rabin shekara, yana kawo injin buga a cikin kaya.
A karshen shekarar 1935, Erich aka kama, kuma a shekara ta 1937 ta yanke masa shekaru 10 a kurkuku. A cikin Maris 1945, Honecker a matsayin ladan da aka aiko daga gidan yarin Bradenburg don gyara rufin a cikin cibiyar zamanin Berlin Barimraße.
A cikin jirgin sama, rufin ya tsere kuma ya kwashe kwanaki da yawa daga maye na garin mallaka, amma sai ya koma gida aiki. Jagora na lura da maigidan ya rufe idanunsa ga tserewa na Honecker, kuma ɗan kwaminisanci ya dawo kyamararta. A watan Afrilu, an 'yantar Soviet a watan Afrilu, kuma Erich sun zama baƙon abu "tserewa" tserewa "ya zama batun batun aiwatar da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar rayuwar Jamus ta kasance mai matukar tashin hankali. Duk da ƙaramin tsayi (168 cm) da rashin daidaituwa, mutumin ya ji daɗin kyakkyawan bene. A yayin karatunsa a cikin makarantar Lenin, Erich game da rawa, da yarinyar Soviet Natasha ce, wacce ta zama ƙauna ta farko ta matasa kwaminisanci.A watan Disamba 1946, Honecker ya auri Charlotte ShanIel. Matar ta tsufa Erich tsawon shekara 9 da kuma ƙasashen Hitler ya yi aiki a matsayin kulawa na ɗan gidan yarin mata na Barmin Mace. Saniyel ya gangaro Elich ne bayan ya tsere daga lokacin bazara na 1945 daga gyaran rufin, sannan ya shawo kan wani saurayi mai son kaiwa ga kurkuku komawa gidansa. Watanni shida bayan bikin, Charlotte ya mutu. Sanadin mutuwa ya zama tamanin kwakwalwa.
A watan Disamba 1949, Honecker alama da auren matasa masu freeungiyar kasar Jamusawa kyauta, barazanar Editit, wanda ya kasance kusa da matar farko. Mata na biyu ya tsufa Erich tsawon shekaru 3.
A shekara ta 1950, 'yar Eric' yar da aka haife ta a dangin kwaminisanci, amma Erich ta riga ta sadu da sabon soyayya. Daga Margot FISIS wanda ya jagoranci Pione PionEer GDR, wani mutum ya hadu yayin tafiya hadin gwiwa zuwa Moscow na Yusuf Stalin. Yarinyar ta kasance fiye da Erich tsawon shekaru 15.
Bayan ya dawo Berlin, wani mutum yakan ragu da dare a tsakanin Margot. Addinin cikin halayen mijinta, Adith, ya rubuta gunaguni zuwa ga shugabancin jam'iyyar kwaminisanci na GDR, amma a cikin 1952 na mazan a, ta kuma haifa wa Erich 'yar. Yarinyar da ake kira Sonya. A shekara ta 1953, wani mutum ya kashe Margot, ya auri Margot, wanda ya rayu kafin rasuwarsa.
Mata na biyu na shugaban GDR ya mutu a shekarar 1973, da na uku - a 2016. Aure Seny Honkker tare da Chilean Leonardo Yabees Betanckitt ya kyale tsofaffi don samun mafaka ta siyasa a Santiago.
Siyasa
A watan May 1945, Honecker ya sadu da Heerty Heem namiji, daga kaka ta kasance a cikin birni a kan garin Volga Re-Ilimin yaki na Jamus. Aikin Erich da sauri ya hau. Honecker ya zama mai kafa da shugaba da shugaban ƙungiyar matasa. Bayan bikin Matasan na farko a Berlin, an zabi ofan Shakhtar a wani dan takarar siyasa (gurguzu United jam'iyyar Jamus).
A tsakiyar shekarun 50 na karni na 20, Honecker ya kasance a kan karatun jam'iyyar a Moscow da halartar bayyanar Nikita Khrashchev na halayen Yusufu Stalin. A shekarar 1961, Erich ya yi ɗaya daga cikin 'yanaru da mai tsara mai shirya ginin Bermin, ya rarraba birnin zuwa yamma da gabashin sashi.
A shekarar 1971, Honecker ya bi misalin Brezhnev, wanda yake jujjuyawar Khrushchev, kuma ya aika da sarkin farko na tsakiya, wanda ya sami 'yanci na da sassaucin ra'ayi don jihar lafiya ". Kamar abokin aikin Moscow, Erich daga baya ya sake suna kansa ga sakatare-janar.
Ko da yake gabashin Jamus, wanda ya yi aiki a GDR, da alama ya zama mai jan hankali game da 'yancin tattalin arziki tare da gidajen cin abinci da kuma gidajen cin abinci, honecker a lokacin mulkin tattalin arziƙin ya gudanar. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya hada da postate akan fitowar "al'ummar Jamusanci". An ba da Disc na musamman sabis. A cikin manufofin kasashen waje, honecker ya bi komai don Tarayyar Soviet.
Tare da zuwa iko a cikin USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev, matsayin shugaban GDR ya girgiza. A watan Oktoba 1989, Erich an cire shi daga matsayinsa, kuma a watan Disamba 5, sun zarge dukiyar da zagin hukuma don wadatar. A watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Honecker daga gidan da aka mamaye.
A watan May 1990, Jamus da GDR sun haɗa cikin yanki guda na Jamusanci guda ɗaya, wanda kai ya zama Helumut. An yi musayar tattalin arziki a kan honecker ya juya ya zama almara. Duk da haka laifin akida domin harbe-tsaren kasar Herman da suka yi kokarin shawo kan bangon Berlin kuma wadanda ke tserewa zuwa Yammacin, tsohuwar kwaminisiyar yarda. A cikin gaskatawarsa, Erh ya ce da yawan wadanda suka shafa daga yakin neman yakin Amurka a Vietnam shine dubban sau fiye da yadda 'yan gudun hijira daga GDR.
Bayan da jirgin sama zuwa USSR daga Jamusawan United a watan Maris 1991, Honkers Yazov da Vladimir Kryuchov. Koyaya, bayan watanni 5, Abokai na Kremlin Abokai sun shirya juyin mulkin daurin Attse na baya, da kuma halin da Kwaminisanci na Jamusawa sun lalace sosai. An tilasta komawa Jamus, inda ya kwana kwanaki ƙarfe 16, a cikin kurkukun Miyaye kafin ya karbi izinin tashi zuwa Chile.
Mutuwa
Kwarewa dangane da rushewar aiki ya haifar da manufar samar da cutar sankarar cutar kansa a cikin koda, wanda aka gano yayin aikin don cire gallebadder. A watan Janairun 1990, Honecker ta ji cewa yana da cutar kansa, daga wata talabijin na labarai. Kwanaki 4 bayan Labaran tsohon shugaban GDR, wanda aka cire shi, amma ta sami damar bayar da mitasases ga hanta, wanda aka bayyana a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.
Ciwon cutar Honecker ya yi aiki a matsayin babban dalilin 'yantar da tsohon mutumin daga kurkuku kuma ya sami izini ya tashi zuwa Chile. Tsohon soja na siyasa ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1994 a Santiago.