Tari
Max Ernst, wanda ya sami ɗan ƙasa na Faransa da Jamus, shine babban wakilin gargajiya cikin 1930-1940s. Yin aiki a cikin salon sallama, mai zane ya ba da yabo ga Didic da gwaje-gwajen da abubuwa daban-daban a cikin zane-zane.Yaro da matasa
Max Ernst aka haife kan Afrilu 2, 1891 a Bruel a cikin iyali na da wani Katolika malami wanda ya yi aiki tare da kurãme-da-da-da-da-da-rana yara. Mahaifiyar mace ce kyakkyawa kuma tana kallon 'ya'ya da yawa, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa yara sun tashi tare da mutane masu ilimi.
Iyali na zane ne, saboda iyaye ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne mai son kai, sau da yawa suna da ƙarfin hali Max da 'yan'uwa yanayin. Yaron tare da son sani dauke furanni, kogi da bishiyoyi, da farkon ayyukansa sun sanya wasu yara a matsayin misali.
A cikin shekarar 1897, saurayi ernst ya tafi makaranta kuma ya zama sha'awar falsafa, ya nuna shi daga wasu kimiyyar. Ya karanta rubutun na Max Stinner, kuma sau ɗaya kuma har abada labari cewa mahimman abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya na faruwa a kowane lokaci.
Abinda yafi kyau game da wannan su ne haihuwar 'yan matan Afollina da mutuwar ƙaunataccen akuya, wanda ya faru a wannan rana. Makomar ta yanke shawarar cewa jariri ya ɗauki rayuwar tsuntsu, ya kuma ji lokacin da zai je mataki na gaba.
A cikin 1909, Max karbi malanta a Jami'ar Bonn kuma ya zaɓi ilimin halin dan Adam na rashin lafiyar hankali. Ba shi da amfani da iyawarsu da ayyukan fasaha da kuma tattara kayan, wanda zai isa ga wasu littattafan kimiyya.
Yayin da ɗalibi, Ernst ya zama abokai tare da wakilan kirkirar kariyar - Heinrich Fristen, Johann Kuyenga da Augustus Mac. A cikin tarihin da aka ce ya kasance a cikin wannan jama'a masu ci gaba wanda ya yanke shawarar zama mai zane da tunani game da nunin mutum.
Tunawa da darussan Uba, Ernst kusurwa da caricures kuma don inganta dabarar, waɗanda aka ɗaukakawar karnuka a cikin fasaha. Sannan ya aika da dama da yawa ayyukan da yawa a cikin gallan wasa na Bonn kuma ya fara tsammanin wani dauki, cike da ji da ji da ji.
Rayuwar sirri
A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, kuskure ya farka tare da Liza Strauss, wanda ya haifi ɗan Yammy, sannan ya shigar da shi kisan aure. Bayan ɗan gajeren dangantaka tare da mai fasaha da marubuci Leonor, Carrington Max Aure ɗan Amirka wanda ya sayi tarin aikinsa.Peggy Guggenheem ya goyi bayan kotocin kuma ya gudanar da al'amuransa, shirya nunin nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-n nune-nune da yawa. Amma wannan aure ya durkusa bayan ganawa da Dorotea Tanning, wanda ya yi mai zane yana farin ciki tsawon kwanaki.
Zane
Bayan an gabatar da kerawa a farkon kerawa a cikin bayyanannun abin da aka bayyana, Mark an kafa alama a cikin ikon sa kuma a cikin gaskiyar cewa ya zaɓi gonar da ta dace. Amma yaƙin duniya na farko da aka tilasta wa zuwa sojojin Jamus da kuma wahalar da ƙarfi da azabtarwa.
A shekara ta 1919, ernst an rushe shi a cikin matsayin ficewa da kuma, bayan sun isa Cologne, ya zama sha'awar kwarara-gargajiya na Dada. Scandals da ke hade da masu sihiri masu fa'ida kama wani saurayi, kuma ya yanke shawarar gwada karfin nasa a cikin cigaban dabarar ci gaban ci gaba.
A karkashin almara, sunan Dadamax Ernst, sabuwar alaka Buntar yi photocatalogs da kuma bayyana ta da unconventional nune-nunen, wanda ya hada da ayyukan da tunani da rashin lafiya. Saboda wannan, akwai jayayya tare da iyayen da suka haramta su fito a gida, kuma sha'awar cikin saurin kirkira na ɗan lokaci.
Koyaya, mai zane ya sami masaniya game da filin da ke da hankali na Eloire da Galle - Model na El Salvador Dali. Ya rubuta hoton mablusistic da ake kira "chablesphant chabent" sannan ya yi magana da baƙin ciki cewa kwanaki ne mai farin ciki.
A cikin 1920s, bayan da ya koma Paris don fasfon na wani, ernst, ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta abokan aiki da yawa, suna haifar da ingantattun ayyuka. Abin takaici, don kimanta "gamuwa da abokai" da "Kyakkyawan Saddenza", masu sukar Saddenza ", masu sukar da tarihi sun dauki shekara guda.
Max bai taba barin ƙoƙarin ya sami wadata ba kuma ya zama sanannen, ƙirƙira sababbin dabaru, kamar fretake da bouthout. Ya ba da labari mai ma'ana kuma ya rubuta litattafan hoto, kuma ya zama marubucin gidan nascent, wanda ake kira sabon rubutu.
A shekara ta 1931, sa'a ta taɓa murmushi, kuma an yi harinsa don nunin mutum a Amurka. Kuma a cikin aiki na Ernst, an kammala lokacin da gaske mai 'ya'yan itace, wanda gwanin zanen kuma mai sihiri ya bayyana cikakke.
A ranar haihuwar 52nd, max ya rubuta hoto alama wanda aka raba zuwa sassan kuma ya ƙunshi sassa 52. Bayan haka, ya kirkiro sassan "Capricorn" da "marar mutuwa", wanda ya zama mai rai game da ra'ayoyin da aka fi so avant-garaya.
Mutuwa
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1976, marubucin shekaru 84 ya mutu, ba a bayyana abubuwan mutuwa ba a buƙatun dangi da abokai. Bayan jana'izar a Kabarin Parisa, sha'awa cikin aikin Ernst ya girma sau da yawa, kuma ya zama gwarzon takaddun labarai, ayyukan fasaha da labarai.Zana wuri
- 1916 - "Towers"
- 1919 - "Gugun, mai amfani da shi
- 1920 - Dada-Gogen
- 1921 - "samar da kashi mai girma"
- 1921 - "giwayen Kebal"
- 1922 - "Taron abokai"
- 1922 - "Injin ciki girma"
- 1923 - "peail ko juyin juya halin dare"
- 1937 - "Varthara"
- 1944 - "Shiru"
- 1945 - "Gwajin St. Anthony"
- 1969 - "Haihuwar Galaxy"