A karshen karni na XVII na XVII I, na son ƙarfafa tasirin ƙasar a teku, an umurce shi don ƙirƙirar rundunar motoci, iya tsayayya da kowane abokin gaba. Daga wannan lokacin da aka gina jiragen ruwa a kan dokar farko ta Rasha ta farko, jiragen ruwa sun ragu, sun wuce sama da shekaru 300. A cikin lokacin da ya gabata, fasahar gina jiragen ruwa sun canza, jiragen da kansu sun canza "girma a kan girman Ussr, sake alfahari da tashe bann na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a duniya.
Bari an kirkiro da yawa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma ana kiranta sabbin abubuwan da aka yiwa RF navy - kamar yadda ake kira abin da halaye da sifofi sune manyan yaƙi na Jirgin Rasha da inda suke yin "lada" na babban giant giant, zai gaya a cikin 24cmi.
"Adireshin adreet na Soviet Union of Kuznetsov"
"Abiral Gudun Tarayyar Kuznetsov" - Jirgin ruwa mafi girma a cikin jirgin ruwa na Rasha da kuma aviating mai kyau aviat (TAVKR), wanda ya haɗa a cikin ƙirar duka abar adircin jirgin sama, a kan Deck wanda zai yiwu a sanya kuma kula da jiragen 28 da kuma heliko 24 da kayan aiki tare da makaman roka.Kakannin
"Kuzonnetsov" ya zama ci gaban aikin na 1143 "Lambatu", masu kirkirar da ke wakiltar PCB a karkashin jagorancin Arkady Marinich. A kan ingantattun zane-zane daga 1970 zuwa 1978, an gina 4 Courance 4 ta hanyar Murkushe. 1143 kanta ci gaba da layin "Condor" (1123), wanda ya hada da motocin rigakafin helikopter, wanda aka gano su halaka submerines mai yiwuwa.
Tashar da aka kirkira a ƙarƙashin aikin 1143 ba shi da ƙyallen ƙasa mai cike da ƙasa da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu (SVP) a cikin helistopters da KA-27 tare da jimlar har zuwa 36 guda. Amma aikin ta amfani da ya nuna rashin tsaro na masauki a cikin jiragen ruwan Yak-38. Jirgin sama bashi da wani tashar radar-buri fiye da wanda ya jefa 'yan wasan Brith--bitha "Harrier" ya kasance mai rauni dangane da halaye, kuma an rarrabe shi da manyan makamai.
Gazawar fayil
Saboda matsalolin da suka gano tare da amfani da SVP da kuma rashin wadatar "yaki", hanyoyin suna da bukatar ci gaban jadawalin gargajiya na gargajiya. A cikin duka, an kirkiro jiragen ruwa 3 a kan wannan aikin da aka kammala da 1981:- "Allasag" (1143.6), an kwace shi a cikin 1985 kuma ya kama bayan rushewar Amurka da ba a kare shi ba, wanda ya sayar da jirgin zuwa jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu;
- "Ulyanovsk" (1143.7), ãyõyinsa ne bayyananne daga abin da ke kan hanyar motarka da ƙirar carka, kuma halittar jirgin ruwan din ta watse a cikin tsere saboda yanayin tattalin arziki. jihar;
- "Admiral Kuznetsov" (Critarfin Gudanar da Ayyuka na Farko na 1143.5), wanda aka kawo karshen "kwakwalwar" ta farko, a cikin sahun da aka gabatar da su a cikin Ya ɗauka kafin shekara ta 2018, lokacin da aka aika zuwa kayan yau da kullun da sake aiki a kan kayan aikin Murmansk a cikin tsire-tsire na Murmansk, inda ga farkon 2020 yin gyara da sake aiki na alama.
Goals
Babban aikin na 743.5 "Admiral Kuznetsova" wanda aka kirkireshi a karkashin aikin shine aikin kare aiki. Jirgin ya tabbatar da amincin atomic subrares a wuraren fama mai sintiri da kuma tsaro mai rikitarwa ga kotunan, an aiwatar da su a cikin binciken da kuma ikon samar da abokan gaba. Hakanan, ayyukan da jirgin saman jirgin sama ya haɗa da murfin saukowa na sojojin da ke buƙata. Aikin da sauran kasashen mutane domin ya yi barazanar harin jirgin sama a cikin aikin soja na soja na Rasha, ba a hada shi ba.
Halaye da fasaha
Tare da mafi girman gudun na ton na 61 na tbcr, waɗannan girma masu zuwa sune:- Tsawon hanci zuwa tsananin shine 306 m;
- Nisa - 72 m a cikin mafi fadi;
- Gaba daya - 65 m.
Kayan makamai na Catanic, tare da kwafin majalisar dokoki ", kariya daga torinpeo ta ƙunshi yadudduka 3. Shigarwa na tsoka (yanke katllubbin tare da 4 shanns) yana ba ku damar haɓaka sauri har zuwa 54 kilomita / h (29 nodes). Stoke ajiye ajiyar zuciya - daga 4 zuwa 9 dubu teku dangane da sauri.
A kan jirgin da aka gudanar da makami mai gadi na kayan radar radar da kewayawa, jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa na anti-filmine da makaman roka da kuma an sabunta su. A kan jirgin ruwan jirgin sama an yarda ya danganta har zuwa jirgin sama sama da 50 (SU-39, mi-27, da helikofta (KA-27, KAU-29,
Yawan ma'aikatan ne 1960 mutane. Tsawon lokacin ruwa mai nutsuwa - kwanaki 45.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Daga dier na Miser na halaye don matsawa zuwa mafi ban sha'awa - hujjoji masu ban sha'awa hade da jirgin saman jirgin sama mai nauyi "Admiral Kiznetsov".
Ayyukan aiki
Sunan sa na yanzu shine mafi girman jirgin ruwan soja na rundunar katakon Rasha nan da nan. Lokacin da ƙira a cikin KB, an shirya jirgin don kiran Tarayyar Soviet. A matakin kwanciya, an bishe shawarar - jirgin ya karbi sunan "Riga".Amma yayin aikin gini, sakataren farko ta kwamitin Cpsu ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1982. A dangane da bala'in a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, an sake sauya Cruiser Breznowv, suna ba da kyautar ga ambaton shugaban kasar. Tare da sunan tsohon Sakataren kan TAVKR kuma ya sauko kan ruwa a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1985 - an gama ci gaba a kan afloat.
A cikin 19 ga watan Agusta77, jagorancin rundunar motoci sun yanke shawarar "Na dare" jirgin ruwan da sake - yanzu mai ɗaukar jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ya zama ya zama mai ɗaukar wuta. A karkashin sunan babban birnin SSR, jirgin ya wuce har zuwa karshen gwaje-gwaje na 1990, bayan haka, an sanya sunayen gwarzo na Soviet na Soviet Sharizar Soviet, wanda ya jagoranci Ussr Navy daga 1939 zuwa 1946 da daga 1951 zuwa 1953.
Samfuran ruwa
Har zuwa 1989, helikofta ne kawai da SVP suka tashi daga bene na jiragen ruwan Soviet. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, yayin gwaje-gwaje, a cikin bene sannan tbilsi ya sa a kwance a sararin samaniya da SU-27K a karkashin ikon matukin jirgin Viktor Pugort. Kuma farkon wanda ya ɗauka tare da alama, Mig-29k tare da Tokar Aubacirov a matsayin matukin jirgi ya tafi.
Abinda ya dace
Fursuna a cikin 1936, taron Montreux game da ikon Bosphorus da dardarlura, sun hana da izinin ziyartar jiragen ruwa na bakin teku, barin 'yancin ziyartar jiragen ruwa. A lokaci guda, an yi rijistar kwangilar da ke da idan ayyukan jirgin sama ba shine babban dalilin jirgin ba, to, har ma an dauke shi da kayan jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar jirgin sama. Abubuwan fasali, makamai na roka da rarrabuwa a matsayin "Avionner Cruserer" yana sa "Jirgin saman Jirgin Sama, wanda kawai ya halatta ya kasance a cikin ruwan Bahar Maliya.Phoenix
A cikin Disamba 2019, lokacin da ke wucewa murkushe kayan zamani da sake aiki a kantin sayar da Murmansk, murabba'in mita 600 ya tashi a jirgin. m, wanda ya kawar ya kwana a rana. Sakamakon abin da ya faru, mutane 2 suka mutu, 12 kuma sun karɓi ƙonawa da raunin da ya faru. Lamarin ya nuna jerin abubuwan da aka yi don sabunta murkushewar shekara.
M sare in Turai, ko game da masu talla
A cikin sahun rundunar gidan jirgin sama, inda "Kuznetsova" ya yi rajista a hukumance a cikin Janairu 1991, amma jirgin ya zauna a cikin ruwa kusa da Seviopol. Duk da haka, a watan Nuwamba, da kwamandan jirgin Viktor Yaryvchanna ne daga Leonid Kravchovna, wanda ya nuna cewa alama mallakar Ukraine ce kuma dole ne ya kasance cikin ruwayen yankin.
Kwamandan ya yi la'akari da cewa zaben raba gardama a kan yanci da kuma irin ilimin jihohi, kuma bai kasance ba da gaskiya ga jagorancin jagorar USSR da kuma da kaina wanda ya zo da Jami'in Adama da Adama Yury Ustimno.
A daren Nuwamba 30, "Kuznetsov" bar Sevice Rarraba da kan kan Bosphorus. Shekaru 25, bayan da ya karfafa Turai, wadanda suka dace suka isa VIYEVO.
Wani ɓangare na mazajen jirgin sama da jirgin sama tare da jirgin ruwa a cikin iyo bai bar ba, ya rage a cikin sevastopol. Wasu sun ki maye a cikin Ukraine kuma daga baya ya kai ga tushen tsarin jirgin sama na 279 na jirgin sama. Kuma Ukrainian ya yarda da Yours - kasar ba ta da jiragen ruwa a kan ruwa.