Tari
Lyon Fichtvanger shine mafi yawan marubuci fasali na lokacin Wutar Weimar. An gyara daga Jamus, ya kirkiro game da litattafan tarihi 20, da dama na wasa, maganganun da dama da labarai kan batun magance Nazism da ensive ba a yisti. A wani lokaci, Lyon Fichtvanger rinjayi da samuwar ɗan wasan Bercht. Har ila yau, ya yaga matasa suna yin la'akari, ya rage daga cikin marubutan Jamusawa na ƙarni na 20.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1884 a Munich a cikin dangin mai bi da bibiyar Bayahude da matar Johanna (a cikin Manyan Bodenheim).
A waɗancan shekarun, yawancin iyalan Yahudawa, musamman Feakhtvangererger, gungume m margarine an fadada daga mahaifinsa), itacen farji aka fadada. Marubucin, alal misali, aka kawo shi tare da 'yan uwa takwas da mata. A tsawon lokaci, rayuwa ta warwatsa su a duniya.
Dangane da misalin dan uwan, Ludwig da Martin Feikhthanger sadaukar da kansu kansu ga adabi. Na farko ya ciyar da babban shekarun rayuwa a Burtaniya, na biyu - a Isra'ila. Kasar Amurka ta zama mafaka ga ɗan'uwan marubuci. Na huɗu sun kasance masu takaici a sansanonin taro. Ya rinjayi canjin gwamnatin 1933 kuma a cikin rayuwar 'yan uwayen' yan uwayen mata biyu na Feron - Daga zalunci Nazis, sun ɓoye a Palestine.
Ilimin Lyon Fayon Fayon Fayon ta dauki WilhelmygynnSasium a cikin Laxichury Lycich. A cikin littafin littafin ya bayyana karatunsa kamar haka: "... Pedantic da m da kishin wasanni, ba tare da wasanni ba; A cikin kalma mai ba ta da alaƙa da rayuwa ta ainihi. "
Bayan kammala karatun daga lyceum a 1903, Lyon Fichtvanger wanda aka sadaukar da kansa ga kimiyyar jin kai. Ya yi nazarin litattafai da falsafa a Munich, da kuma tsoffin yarukan kuma - a Berlin, nesa da gida da iyaye.
Rayuwar sirri
Lyon Fehtwoke haduwa da MARTA LEFefler, asalin Munich, a wani biki a cikin 1909. A kan tushen sauran wakilan jinsi, ta haskaka launi na gashi na Voronov reshe, kuma marubucin yana son m. Sun ce bai rasa damar da zai tunatar da shi ba. Duk da gashin gashi, Marta Lefefler na sha'awar fasali na bakin ciki na Lyon Feikhtharanger, minta -ar girma ci gaban da Bidimeti.A shekarar 1912, Lefefler ta zama aminan abokin, mai tsaron baya da kuma sayar da Lyon Fehtwokewan, amma kuma matarsa. Bayan an lullube shi, masoyan sun yi da juna, saboda gaskiya da kerawa, ba tare da sammai ba.
Lokacin da Lyon Feron aka sanya shi a cikin wani sansanin mai da hankali, Marha Lefeer bai ji tsoron juya ga mai karfi da wannan ba. Ta rubuta wasiƙun haruffa zuwa ga mutane masu tasirin Turai da Amurka, har ma sun mamaye Eleonora Roovelt, matar ta 3 na Amurka Franklin Roosevelt.
Lyon Feakhthangarru ya yi niyya su 'yantar da kansu daga bautar, don shirya takardu da tserewa a Amurka ba tare da taimakon Marta ta Lemefler ba. A Los Angeles, California, dangi sun jagoranci wani yanayi mai sauki da kuma rayuwa mai natsuwa.
Marta Laffer ya tsira daga matansa na 29. Ta mutu a gidansu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1987 cikin tsufa mai zurfi - a shekarar 96 na rayuwa.
A cikin 1930s, Lyon Feakhtvanger ya juya Roman tare da Artist Eva Herrman. Ta tare da marubucin ga Tarayyar Soviet.
Littattafai
Lyon Feakhtvanger ya fara zama ɗan jarida da mai shela. A Afrilu 30, 1908, hasken ya ga sakin farko na mujallar mujallar Der Spigel, wanda aka buga Reviews game da ayyukan rubutu da kuma ban mamaki. Kashe rabin shekara da 15 daga baya, wahalar da aka tilasta tilasta faychtwehne tare da mutu Schaubülh - Journal Siegfried Jacobson.
A cikin yakin duniya na farko, Lyon Fichtvaner ya tafi gaban a Nuwamba 1914. Babu wata daya, kamar yadda jihar lafiya ta cire ta. Saboda wannan dalili, marubucin da Nuwamba na 1918.
Bayan nasara a matsayin playwright, Lyon Fichtvanter, matan a cikin shawarar, ya kunna wa litattafan tarihi. An biya shi hankalin sa a matsayin abubuwan da suka faru - yaƙe-yaƙe, juyin mulkin jama'a, evidemic da halayen mutum. Misali, a cikin littafin labari "Goya, ko hanyar kabari" (1951) ya bayyana rayuwar masanin Francisco. Af, wannan ɗayan fewan ayyuka na Lyon Feikhtharang, wanda ya sami umarnin.
A cikin littafi na littafi na marubucin akwai czulles biyu - "dakin jira" da "Joseph Flavius". Na farko an sadaukar dashi ne ga "launin ruwan kasa chum" - don haka a cikin pre-yaki da ake kira matasa mabiyan Adolf Hitler, wadanda suka kasance launin ruwan kasa. Tsarin na biyu shine yaduwar yaduwar al'adun duniya. Bango na farko - "Yakin Yahudawa" (1932), "'Ya'yanda" (1932) Kuma "Ya ku shirin Yusufu ya zo cikin shirin Yusufu.
A cikin ayyukansa, Lyon feikhtvanger yi ta Prodenz yi: A baya can, da yawa, da yawa, sun ga wata barazana ga Adolf Hitler da siyasa na ma'aikatan kwararrun ma'aikatan Jamusawa. Marubucin ya jawo hankalin hotunan satirin na Fuhrer, Hoolil Nazism. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa bayan da murƙushe wuta a 1933 ya kasance cikin tsawata.
Littattafan Lyon Feikhtherger, tare da marubuta 312, suna cikin "ƙaho na Jamusanci Jamusanci" da ƙone kone. A cikin gidan marubucin, sun rasa binciken, sun kama dukkan rubuce-rubucen da bayanan kula da ke iya kama da Rahaukar soyayya. Marubuci ya hana zama ɗan ƙasa. Idan ya so ya koma Jamus, zai kasance yana jiran mummunan, har zuwa harbi.
Idan korar kuma ta rinjayi Lyon Feikhthanger, to, kawai ɗabi'a. A shekara ta 1933, ya zauna a Faransa tare da matarsa, inda littattafansa suka shahara kuma a kai a kai suka kawo kudi. Da taimakon kalmar, marubucin ya ci gaba da tsara talakawa game da Nazism, amma waɗancan, a cikin ra'ayinsa, bai isa sosai ba. Sannan Lyon Fichtvaner ya tafi zuwa USSR.
Joseph Stalin, shugaban Tarayyar Soviet, ya ɗauki marubucin a matsayin babban bako. Maganganunsu (har zuwa zance a cikin littafin "Moscow-1937" (1937). A cikin USSR, ta rabu da kewaya da kwafin dubu 200, da kuma na gaba da gabatarwar Yusufu Stalin ya rubuta nasa hannun.
A cikin 1940, Lyon Fichtvanger da sauran Jamusawa da ke Rayuwa a Faransa sun sami baƙi baƙi. An fitar da su zuwa ga zangon don masu shiga cikin le mille, sannan a ƙarƙashinsa. "Kowace rana ta yau da kullun dole ne su jure yunwar da sanyi, dangantaka mai daraja, aiki tuƙuru. Kyaftin marubucin bai taka leda ba - wanda ya rikice a matsayin wata mace, watanni shida ya kawo Amurka.
Kwarewa, gogaggen a le-mil da Nimea, ya danganta ne da abin tunawa da Liaa Fayhtvanger "Cherta a Faransa" (1941).
Kudade daga "Bayahude zyuss" (1934) da dangin Oppenheim (1938) sun kyale marubucin da za su zauna a ƙafa a kan Villa a Los Angeles har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa. A rantsuwa da kirkirar halitta, ya kirkiro da litattafan da yawa na tunawa da yawa - "Spish Ballad" (1954) Kuma "idanafay da 'yarsa" (1957), ta rubuta aikin jarida.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1957, Lyon Feakhtangungiyoyin cutar kansa. Cutar ta cigaba da cigaba da cewa, don haka akwai shiga tsakani. Zubahin ciki na ciki ya faru ne yayin aikin kuma ya sa mutuwa.Tarihin tarihin Lyon Feikhthther-ya ƙare Disamba 21, 1958, a shekara ta 74 na rayuwa. Jikinsa ya huta a kan kujerun jeji a sandar monica, California. Kuna hukunta da hotunan daga wurin, kabari ya gama dutse dutse. Kusa da marubucin ya huta matarsa.
Littafi daya
- 1923 - "mummunar duchess margarita mural"
- 1925 - "Bayahude zyuss"
- 1930-1939 - "Room jiran"
- 1932-1945 - "Yusufu Flavius!
- 1936 - "Oron karya"
- 1943 - "'Yan'uwa Lauthak"
- 1943 - "Saminu"
- 1946 - "Foxes a cikin garkar"
- 1951 - "Goya, ko kuma hanyar ilimi"
- 1952 - "Hikimarfin ciyawar, ko mutuwar Jean-jacques rousseu"
- 1954 - "Spanish ballad"
- 1957 - "ifafay da 'yarsa"