Tari
Eugene Xu wani marubuci ne na Faransanci na karni na 19, marubucin litattafan litattafan ilimin zamantakewa da tunani. Ya yi aiki a fagen littattafan da yawa kuma ana la'akari da wanda ya kafa gungun masu laifi.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin ne a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1804 a Paris. Sunansa na ainihi shine Marie Joseph Euge. A nan gaba, an rage shi don ƙirƙirar bayanin fili.
Marie Yusufu ya bayyana a cikin iyali. Mahaifin marubucin na gaba ya wuce hanyar gudanar da aiki daga talakawa zuwa babban ma'aikatan mai kula da sarki. Shi da kaina ya kasance abokai tare da Bonaparte Bonaparte, daga baya ya zama mai sarauta. Kishan ya zama membobin gidan ma'aikatan shugaban kasa: Jovillensu Josephine da kuma zuwan Yarima Evgeny Bogarne.
Yaron ya lalace. Haƙuri yana kwance, ta yi karatu a gida har shekara 11. Bayan an bai wa saurayin ne ga kungiyar ilimi ta ilimi - kwalejin de Bourbon, inda ya karbi kyakkyawan ilimi. Mahaifina mafarkin ya ci gaba da kasuwancinsa kuma ya zama likita. Amma a lokacin karatunsa, ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa: Kutil, nishadi kuma samu kuma sami yawancin abokai masu daraja.
Jita-jita game da Kasadar Marie Yusuf Da sauri ya isa Uba. Mafi yawan abin da ya yi farin ciki da cellar ruwan inabin. Yawancin sabbai suna ba da sau da yawa ta hanyar sallama, a matsayin alamar godiya don aikin da aka yi amfani da giya mai tsada. A nan gaba, an yanke su a teburin a yayin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru. Amma saboda wasu dalilai ba sa sha'awar Elite sha. Sau ɗaya, Jean-mai ba ya kama Sonansa da abokansa a cikin cellar don shan giya na musamman da maye gurbinsa mai arha. Wannan ya juya kwano na yin haƙuri da teminiyyen, mahaifinsa na farin ciki ya kori hood da farin ciki daga Paris.
A nan gaba, azaba ta maimaita sau biyu. An yi zaton cewa korar zai taimaka wa saurayi ya ɗauki hankali. A sakamakon haka, an aika da Marie Yusufph a matsayin likitanci soja zuwa maritime yakar da aka yi balaguro.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Eugene yana da kyau, mai arziki da jin daɗin nasara a cikin mata. Bayan mutuwar Uba a cikin 1830, jita jita-jita sun tafi sy Jr. yana da dangantaka kai tsaye da uku alama, amma wannan bai dace da gaskiya ba.
Sannan ƙaunataccen ya kasance mai haske kuma mai ban sha'awa m kurtisanka cobdee. Ta riga ta sami alaƙa da marubucin Kasar Balzac, wato wacce baiwa ta nuna godiya sosai, amma na zabi Ezhena. Idyll na Olympia da Xi sun dade da ɗan gajeren lokaci: mace ta bar shi zuwa ga wakilin Italiya Joakkino Rossini.
Kusan babu abin da zai sani game da ƙarin rayuwar marubuci da tsofaffin tsofaffi. Faɗakarwa ta ƙarshe ita ce dan uwan napoleon III Marie de Solm.
Littattafai
A shekarar 1825, Eugene ya fara kokarin tilastawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Da farko ya tsunduma cikin wannan daga wahala daga wahala. Tare da abokai, saurayi yana aiki akan ƙirƙirar wasa da yawa.A cikin 1830 ya mutu Si-manya kuma ya bar ɗan ɗan jihar. Eugene ya daidaita a cikin Paris kuma yana jagorantar rayuwar mutane. Saurayi na Matires kudi, yana ziyartar salon salon kuma yana da matukar nutsar da kirkirar rubutu.
Bayan wasa, ƙarfafawa yana neman litattafan, sannan kuma ga wani bayanin na na sama. Har yanzu, saboda a cikin balaguron balaguron, ya sami kwarewa mai mahimmanci, wanda a shirye yake in raba tare da mai karatu. A ayyukan wannan lokacin, tasirin da Phoenimor Cooper yake gani. Daga karkashin alkalami, labarun da ke cikin ban sha'awa da ruhun kasada: "Crazann-pirate" (1839), "Inar Gul" (1831), "Inar Gul" (1831), "koaton HASUMIYAR "(1833).
Eugene da sauri ya zama marubuci mai gaye kuma tsafi na matasa na zinariya. Shigar da hoton mai ban mamaki yaje wauta a cikin rayuwa, ya shirya wajan shan sigari da snic daga kansa, shirya miyagun kafaffun kafa.
Wani bazawara, bayan ganin hakikanin haske mai girma, ya Eugene ya yanke hukunci ga Atroiscrats. A cikin 1830s, marubucin yana magance litattafan zamantakewa da kuma satiri na sati zuwa gaukaka. Duk wannan yasa ya fi shahara. Shi da abokan gaban farko sun bayyana. Haske jaka na Bourgeois shirya wani makirci a kan marubucin, wanda ke kai shi ya hallaka.
Eugene yana neman maganganu na tarihi. A cikin ayyukansa "Lateromon" (1837), "Marquort Darekor" (1839), "fasalofin Caval" (1840) Jean Caval "(1840) fasalolin Gothic sun bayyana. Tun daga Neman Tarihi, marubucin yana motsawa zuwa gida kuma yana haifar da salon, Haske masu haske: "Black Hill" (1842), "Black Hill" (1842), "Black Hill" (1842), Paula Monty (1842). Roman "(1841) An sami irin wannan shahararru cewa ya zama sananne ko da a Rasha. Fassararsa ga Rasha an shirya Fedor dostoevsky.
Duk wannan ba shine ainihin ayyukan marubucin ba, amma shirye-shirye. Tsarkin gaskiya ya zo XU bayan ƙirƙirar litattafan da aka shirya dalilai na zamantakewa a cikin 1840s. A cikin 1841, Eugene ya hadu da aikin kwastomomi. Shi ɗan gurguzu ne kuma kyakkyawan magana. Matashin da ya burge marubucin tare da ra'ayinsa kuma ya tilasta shi ya kalli ma'aikatan a wasu idanu.
Ka'idoji sun taso don kare mutane masu sauki kuma suna zargin duk rashin jin daɗinsa Asiistcracy. A wannan lokacin, shahararren litattafan marubucin "asirin marubuta" (1842-1843) an buga (1842-1845), "asirin mutane" (1849-1857). An rubuta ayyukan a cikin nau'in karya kuma an buga su a cikin jaridu na wancan lokacin. Masu karatu suna jiran kowane lamba ta gaba tare da sha'awa tare da sha'awa. Wannan ya ƙara yawan jaridu, wanda aka buga Xu, sau 20.
Eugene tare da farin ciki ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin martanin 1848 da kuma sha'awar siyasa. Ya ga a cikin bukatar bukata, kamar yadda ya rubuta a cikin "asirin mutane." A sakamakon haka, an hana aikin, kuma an zargi marubucin da kira ga rushewar iko, inganta tashin hankali da ra'ayoyin gurguzu.
Mutuwa
Bayan da juyin mulkin a mita 1851, an share shi zuwa ga wani abu da son rai bayan Faransa. A Savoy, shi ma bai hau rago ba. A cikin 1857, wani mutum ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani tare da yanayin da ba a bayyana ba. Ba a sanya autopsy ba - ba a shigar da dalilin mutuwa ba.
Likita Francois Vennssan Spasil ya ce XU ta guba. A cikin 1863, wani abokane marubucin ya ba da labari ya buga wani littafin, wanda ya yi jayayya da cewa umarnin Napoleon III. Mai sarkin ya karɓi ɗan uwansa da matsanancin kasada Marie de Sols don ya fada cikin ƙauna tare da marubuci mara kyau. Wannan matar ta yi nasara. Ta kwashe shi da ikonta.
Bayan mutuwar Ezhena Marie ta koma, Faransa ta karɓi fansa mai karimci daga Napoleon III.
Quotes da Aphorisms
- "Babu wani abin da ya fi amfani ga jiki fiye da fitowar sanyi; Wani mutum yana riƙe da matasa na dogon lokaci tare da wannan kankara a kirji. "
- "Rai mutum littafi ne na hatimi bakwai."
- "Society yana ganin Kare da kuma idan bai damu da hana mugunta ba."
- "Don ɓoye banza, kowane cinikin yana da kyau."
- "Alkawarin fansa shine tasa wanda ya cancanci in saka sanyi."
Littafi daya
- 1829 - "Crazy-pirate"
- 1830 - "Gypsy"
- 1831 - "Atar Gul"
- 1832 - Salamandra "
- 1833 - "Koathan Horsewer"
- 1837 - "Lateromon"
- 1838 - "Artur"
- 1840 - Jean Cavalle
- 1841 - Matilda
- 1842 - "tsaunin tsauni"
- 1842 - "TARAsa Duneye"
- 1842 - Paula Monty "
- 1842-1843 - "Asirin Paris"
- 1844-1845 - "Agasker, ko ruwa na har abada"
- 1849-1867 - "Asiri na mutane"