Tari
Andrei Tupolev mai zane ne wanda ya ci gaba da daruruwan nau'ikan jirgin sama. Nasarar masanin kimiyyar kimiyya a cikin ci gaban kamfanoni da gudummawa ga kimiyya daidai yake da kyautar Sergey a cikin ilimin roka. Mutumin-Era Tupolev ya kawo na kwarwar daliban da suka ci gaba da ransa.Yaro da matasa
Marubucin na Aphorism "Fly ne kawai kyakkyawan jirgin sama" ya bayyana a cikin faduwar 1888 a yanzu babu wani ƙauyen Pustovozo TLO na lardin. Andrei - na shida daga cikin 'ya'yan guda bakwai na larassi na lardin Nikolai Ivanovich Takadowa, da kuma taka leda a cikin Lisitsyna.
A lokacin da aka haifi Andrew, mahaifinsa ya yi shekara 46 da haihuwa, kuma mahaifiyar Natasha ce ta uku da Tanya, Vera da Mushi. Uba bai yarda da membobin gidan su ba. Dangane da tunanin mai zanen jirgin sama, a cikin ƙuruciya ya wuce nisa tsakanin manyan makarantu biyu na Rasha, kware da ƙwarewar aikin gona da ƙwarewar aikin ƙarfe.
Ikon aiki tare da hannayensa yana da amfani da kuma a cikin makarantar motsa jiki, kuma a cikin makarantar fasaha ta Moscow, inda saurayin ya shigo cikin shekaru 20. A cikin cibiyoyin ilimi na sakandare, iyaye ba su iya biyan yawon shakatawa na biranen Rasha ba, wanda aka gabatar don zuwa ɗalibai. Sa'an nan Andrei ya ba da darektan Gymasium don siyan nau'ikan jiragen ruwa da aka yi da su. Shugaban cibiyar ilimi ya buga wasan harkar tafiyar Tushen Tommasia daga kudaden jama'ar masoya na kimiyyar kimiyya.
A cikin makarantar fasaha, wanda yanzu ya sa sunan juyin juya halin Nikolai, da ikon Andrei Zhukovsky kuma ya umurci saurayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin 1910, Tupolev shine farkon lokacin rayuwa da aka gina a cikin jirgin sama - wanda aka gina tare da karama Jauza da kuma sauka a cikin leftovo a amince.
A cikin matasa, mai zanen jirgin sama ya zama mai sha'awar ayyukan juyin juya hali kuma ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar Serc. Don yaduwar dokokin ba bisa ka'ida ba bisa ka'ida ba. Daga salon sarauta na Tupolev, an fito da su ne kawai saboda mutuwar Uba, kuma an aika da saurayin zuwa wani karamin gari, kuma ya sami damar kammala wani ilimi mai girma a shekara 30.
Rayuwar sirri
Aikin nasara na mai zanen yana ba da gudummawa ga amintacciyar rudani da farin ciki a rayuwar mutum. Tare da matar Julia ta gaba ta Julia, Julia Zhettyakava Tupolev ya hadu, yana aiki a matsayin mai jinya a asibiti a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A cikin girmamawa ga matar, Andrei Nikoalavichiya da aka kira 'yar, da kuma jikanyarsu.
Ta yin rajista a cikin yin rajista a cikin rajista tare da kyakkyawan m, Tupolev ya zauna a madadin surukar suruka. Mahaifiyar Yulia, mutumin kirki ne a Asalin, da farko ya dube zabin 'yarta, amma bayan dokar-suriki ta kafa wata ruwa mai zafi, amma bayan surutarsa ta samar da hakki a kan Andrei.
Matar ta fara tupolev tare da mataimaki mai dogaro, mai fassara da mai tsara jiragen saman TU-70 da Tu-104, lE-104, led zabin fitilu da kuma wasu yadudduka na iskar kujeru. A cikin shekaru masu girma, Yulia Nikolaevna tare da mijinta a cikin tafiye-tafiyen kasashen waje.
Tupolev yana magana da Ministan Tsaro Dmitry Ustinov, Ministman masana'antar jirgin sama da Peter Dalili shi ne ya karanta littattafai game da Uncle mataki tare da bayanan marubuci tare da autogps. Daga cikin hobbies na Andrei Nikolayevich kasance a aikin gona da farauta don quail. A cikin ƙuruciya, jikokin Tupolev sun yi wasa da kayan wasa na katako waɗanda kakanin Jagora cikin sa'o'i na yau da kullun a gare su.
Zuriyar dan wasan jirgin sama ya ci gaba da zama daularsa. Son Alexei daga shekara 17 ya yi aiki a KB UBAN AS, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun AIRCAG ya haifar da Jirgin saman Jirgin Sama na Farko na Duniya. A cikin 1995, Alexey Andreevich ya halarci cikin Tikhonov - Tikhonov-Tikhonov toshe a cikin zabukan zuwa jihar Duma.
Kangon Andrei Nikolayevich, wanda aka sanya wa kakanin kaka, yanzu ya koma cibiyar karatun tallata OFSC Tupolev. Jirgin sama ya kasance da surukin Suplev Vladimir Cult.
Avia iko
Tupolev da malami Nikolay Zhakivsky sun sami damar shawo kan jagorancin masana'antar Tarji da kuma yiwuwa ga masana'antar jirgin sama-karfe. Mai sauki, amma m datteruminumin da aka maye gurbinsa a cikin jirgin sama da katako mai rauni da baƙin ƙarfe.Farkon zanen da na farko sunaye na sunayen da ya samo sunayen jirgin ruwan Soviet na tururuwa da Tu. Yana kan samfurin injiniyan injiniyan - Ant-25 jirgin sama - Valery Chkalov ya sanya jirgin sama wadanda ba su daina ba - Leven Pound - Amurka ta Amurka.
Duk da haka, matukin jirgi Sigismund Levanevsky a 1935 ya kasa yin wani jirgin da aka shirya kafin Moscow-Sharterco a kan jirgin guda da ake zargi da ruwa iri daya da kuma sanyaya hydration. Har ila yau, ta gaza jirgin sama mai ƙarfi na sama-20 ("Maxim Gorky").
A shekara ta 1937, Andrei Nikolayevich da matarsa an kama shi. Shekarar farko ta ƙarshe ita ce mafi wuya. Maƙerin bai doke ba, amma ya kara dagula da yawa a tsaye. Baya ga izinin, Tufolev ya yi fushi da shekaru da yawa na hadin gwiwa tare da jagorar Faransa da Jagorar Kungiyar Anti-Soviet.
Da farko mai zanen ya amince da duk abubuwan da ke gabatar da kara, sannan ya fara roke su. Tupolev ya yanke masa hukunci zuwa shekaru 15 a kurkuku, amma ba da daɗewa ba halakar da aka yi laushi. Andrei Nikolayevich da sauran masu zanen jirgin sama daga kurkukun Butycan aka tura zuwa abin da ake kira "Carrarawa". Masana kimiyya sun tsunduma cikin injiniya kuma sun sami cikakken abinci mai gina jiki, amma sun kasance rabuwa da iyalai. Tare da farkon yakin, Andrei Nikolayevich an sake shi da yin fim wanda mai laifofin da yake da shi, da kuma a shekarar 1955 sun sake fasali.
Ofishin ƙirar TUPolev, ƙirar ƙirar TUPOLEV T-2 (Piking Bomber) ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga nasara: Jirgin sama 750 na wannan alama ta yi yaƙi a gaban. Bayan yakin, Andrei Nikolaevich da KB ya kirkiro bamber mai dabarun tu-4.
TUPolev Har ila ma marubucin farko na Tarurrukan jirgin sama mai ban mamaki na farko TAS-104, Jirgin saman Jirgin saman Fassheric na farko na Fastain Duniya ta farko, wanda aka sanya hoto a kan Soviet iri na 1969. A cikin 70s na karni na 20, okb, wanda Andrey Nikolayevich, karkashin jagorancin Valentina Krnyuk, wanda aka rasa injin TU-160 tare da m-160 m mashin geometry.
Mutuwa
A cikin farkon 20s na karni na 20, Andrei Nikolayevich saboda cutar huhu Lunumonia, cire wani haske guda ɗaya. Likitoci sun gaya wa mai haƙuri cewa zaku iya rayuwa tsawon idan kun guji ɗaukar nauyi. An kama shi da gajiya da wahala ya haifar da dawowar cutar.
Tupolev ya mutu a cikin mafarki a daren 22 ga Disamba, 1972. A maraice ta ƙarshe, gidan mai zanen jirgin sama yayi kama da shirye-shiryen hutu na bazara a Crimea. Kabarin Nikola Nikolayevich Andrei yana kan Kabarin Mostovichy na Moscow.
Tunani
- A shekara ta 1979, darektan Daniel Khrovitsy ya cire fim din "fuka-fukai" game da tarihin rayuwar Tupolev da baƙi Igor Sicksky a Amurka. Matsayin Andrei Nikolayevich ta cika ta Vladislav stielchik, da Igor Ivanovich ya kirkiro Yuci Yakovlev.
- Sunan Tupolev yana sanye da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jiha a Kazan.
- Tun daga shekara ta 2018, an sanya sunan masanin masanin kimiyya ga filin jirgin saman Moscow "vnukovo".
- Titin Tupolevskaya tituna da titunan Tupolev suna cikin manyan capitals na Rasha, Prague da Ulan-Uade, Kiev da Amsterdam.
- A shekarar 2016, littafin Adel nurmukhamtova "Andrei Tupolev" an buga shi a cikin "manyan fitilun Rasha".
- A ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2020, a tashar TV ", wanda ya riga ya ba da canji a cikin" rana ta ƙarshe "game da Tupolev, premiere na fim ɗin" ya faru.
Lambobin yabo
- Sau uku na aikin gurguzu (1945, 1957, 1972)
- Umarni takwas na Lenin
- Ba da umarnin juyin juya halin Oktoba
- Umarni biyu na Red Banner
- Ma'aikata mai daraja na kimiyya da fasaha na RSFSR
- Kyautar Leninsky
- Kyautar jihar ta Amurka
- Golden Jirgin Sama Fai
- Leonardo da Vinci Kyauta