Tari
An dauki hoton ilimincin Austrian Alfred Adler daya daga cikin shahararrun masanan kimiyya na karni na 20. Ya ba da tushe na mutum na mutum-halaye, wanda ya ɗauki mutum cikin hadaddun halaye na zamantakewa, kuma ya gabatar da dabi'ar "hadadden rashin ƙarfi" da "diyya".Yaro da matasa
An haife shi ne ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1870 a Rudolfsheim, wani ƙauye akan iyakar Yankin Yankin Vienna, a cikin Hungary. Shi ne na biyu na pawlins bakwai (a cikin budurwa) da Leopold Adler, Yahudawa.
Tasashen tarihin Alfred Adler ya kasance hadaddun, cikakken bala'i da mutuwa tun farkon shekaru. A cikin jariri, ya sha wahala rakhita, saboda wanda daga baya ya sami damar tafiya. A cikin shekaru 3 rasa ɗan'uwansa, wanda ya mutu kusa da shi a cikin CIB. A shekaru 4 da haihuwa ya ɗauki irin wannan mummunan kumburi na huhun cewa likitocin suka ce: Yaron ya ɓace. Dangane da tunanin wani mutum, wannan magana ce ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ya zama likita.
Duk mai Adler da aka bayyana a rubuce ya dogara ne akan rayuwar kansa. Asa, yaro, masanin ilimin halayyar mutum ya shahara tare da takwarorinsa, sun same su waɗanda ke jin daɗin girmamawa da daidaito waɗanda ba su ba dangi ba. Daga baya ya rubuta cewa godiya ce ga sha'awar jama'a da mutum zai iya gano yiwuwar sa.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin shekaru dalibin, Alfred ya sadu da matar sa ta gaba Raisya Timotovna Epstein, wanda ke da fasaha daga Rasha, wanda ya zo Vienna don musayar. Bikin aure ya buga a shekarar 1897.An haife yara - Valentine (1898 r.), Alexandra (1901 G.), Kurt (1901 G.), Kurt (1905 R.) da Cornelia, ko Nelli (1909). Shaidun adana suna da hotuna da yawa na dangin sada zumunci.
Yara na tsakiya, Alexander da Kurt, sun shiga cikin sawun Uban da kuma rayuwa tare da tabin hankali. Saduwar mahaifiyar - ta zama mai takaici, wanda aka sake bugun shi daga baya.
Aikin kimiyya
Kulawa na Kwallon Kafa ta Alfred Adller ya fara a matsayin mai ilimin likitanci, sannan ya sauya zuwa gaurology, amma sha'awar rashin damuwa har yanzu ya ƙare. Hukumar nasa ta kasance mai ban sha'awa cewa a cikin 1902 Sigmund Freud ya gayyaci wani abokin aiki don ya shiga kungiyar tattaunawa ta al'umma ta Lissatawa. A zahiri, psychoanalysmes ya samo asali ne a waɗannan tarurrukan.
Kamar mutane da yawa, dangantakar kwalliya da Sigmund Freud bai yi aiki ba. A shekarar 1911, ya fito daga cikin al'ummar Laraba, bayan shekara guda bayan haka, ya kafa ƙungiyar halayyar mutum. Da farko, wadanda suka dauki ra'ayoyin Alfer sun fi kama da falsafar 'yan Frishich nietzsche, wanda tare da psychoanalysis na freud.
Mai tunani ya yi nasarar gina makarantar mai zaman kansa da ka'idar halayyar halaye. Ya sanya ci gaba na manufar, wanda zai yi la'akari da kyakkyawan tunanin mutum a cikin haɗin kai tare da yanayin zamantakewar sa. A lokaci guda, mai ban sha'awa da ya dace ba abin da ya dace ba ya yi abin da ya faru ba game da lura da matsalolin da ake da shi ba, amma don hana abin da ya faru.
An bayyana ra'ayoyin farko na maza a cikin littafin "Haƙiƙa halin". Tuni akan waɗannan shafuka, manufofin rashin ƙarfi da ramuwar sun bayyana.
Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ya rubuta cewa bai san wannan mutumin daga matsalolin kwakwalwa ba yana aiki don canza yanayin da ya faru - jiki, halin kirki - a kan fifikon hankali. A hanya, wannan canji na iya tsayawa kawai matsalolin zamantakewa: abubuwan daukaka kai, muhalli, rawa a cikin al'umma. Adler kuma yana nuna haɗarin "supercinkpenation". Mutumin da ya cimma wannan ya zama, a matsayin mai mulkin, mai jin ƙishirwa da ƙarfi, mai tsananin ƙarfi.
A ra'ayinsa, Alfred yana da muhimmanci wuri don tunawa da ƙuruciya. A cikin littafin "kimiyya live" mai ilimin halayyar dan adam ya rubuta:
"Tunanin tunawa ne. Babu wani tunanin da ba a sani ba. Daga wani yawan adadin abubuwan da ke faruwa ga mutum a cikin ƙuruciya, son ƙwaƙwalwar ya fi son ci gaba da waɗanda suke la'akari da bayanan matsalolin tunani. "Ya kasance mai sha'awar adller da hanya don fitowar yara don haske. Dogara a kan kwarewar su, ya ba da shawarar cewa ɗan fari yana cikin wani matsayi mai kyau, saboda kawai yana da kulawa da hankalin mahaifansa kawai. Amma da zuwan 'ya'yan na biyu da na biyo baya, ya fara jin ƙasƙanci. Cikakken rauni yana tasowa.
Dangane da abin bakin ciki, ya girmi yara sau da yawa suna fama da cutar neuris da mummunan halaye. Wannan diyya ga wuce kima alhakin yara misali ne, bukatar kula da dangi. Yaran yara, akasin haka, girma ya lalace, wanda ke haifar da raunin zamantakewa. Amma 'ya'yan da ba su taɓa ɗanɗana nauyin kiba ba, ko kima, ba sa yawan waɗannan, galibi suna girma cikin mutane masu nasara.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mai adller ya ɗauka yana da muhimmanci a aiwatar da fararriya da horarwa ba tare da manya ba, amma tare da waɗanda suke aiki cikin ilimi. Shekaru 25, likitanci suna karanta laccoci a makarantu, asibitoci, cibiyoyin jama'a. Ya gaya wa mahaifansa, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, yadda za a shuka memba na jama'a.
Juya wani bangare, an rubuta waɗannan lakunan a cikin BBLERBLIGIGHOOLOGIOLOOLOGIOL: "," Game da yanayin mutum "," game da sha'awar fifikon mutum "," game da sha'awar ya fifita. "
Zai yi wuya a tantance gudummawar da amfani ga ilimin halin dan Adam da Alfred Adll. Kada a kirga nawa cire shi daga hadaddun abubuwan ban sha'awa da kuma biyan diyya mai raɗaɗi.
Wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin na tunani sun sami amsa a Neoftiltism, suna da kwayoyin halittar Gestalt, sun dace a yau. Ka'idar halayensa: Amurka, Kanada, Austria, Jamus, Italiya, Isra'ila, Japan, da dai sauransu.
Mutuwa
Alfred Adler ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1937 a cikin Aberden, Scotland. Sanadin mutuwa shine bugun zuciya. Sun ce ya zama mara kyau a kan titi. Fasters-da suka zo ga ceto, ji sunan, daui daga lebe: Kurt. A cikin minti daya, wani mutum da ake kira ɗan SED.Jikin ya ci nasara a cikin yaƙin wuta a Edin, amma bai daina danginsu ba. Shekaru da yawa, an yi la'akari da ragowar masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, kuma a cikin 2007 an samo su a cikin repositories na Crematorium. A shekara ta 2011, URN tare da toka da aka kwashe zuwa Vienna don binne.
Littafi daya
- 1912 - "A kan rashin daidaituwa"
- 1914 - "Kula da ilmantar"
- 1919 - "Sauran bangaren. Mass "
- 1938 - "Burin zamantakewa: kalubalanci 'yan adam"
- 1926 - "mutum mutum na annewa a matsayin hanyar zuwa ilimi da ilimin mutum"
- 1928 - "esesays a kan mutum na mutum"
- 1929 - "na mutum na mutum da ci gaban yara"
- 1929 - "Kimanin kimiyya"
- 1932 - "Tsarin magani"