Tari
Nuhu Khomsky bai sani ba kawai a matsayin mai ilimin harshe ne, amma kuma a matsayin mai sukar da ke yi wa dokokin manufofin kasashen Amurka. A cikin duniyar kimiyya, rarrabuwar harsuna na yau da kullun sun haifar da mashahuri. Ayyukan mai binciken, manyan ra'ayoyin sun zama tushe don ci gaban ba tare da rashin fahimta ba da halaye.Yaro da matasa
An haifi masoya ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1928 a cikin Philadelfia a cikin dangin Bayahude. Iyaye sun bayyana kan yankin daular Rasha, kuma bayan sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Dukansu sun kasance masu bin Allah, duk da haka, saboda Sadarwar Iyali, ba a amfani da wannan yaren ba. An kula da mahaifinsa cikin harsuna, koyarwa a jami'a.
A cikin ƙedanta, saurayin ya shiga Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda ya karanci harsuna da falsafa. A wannan lokacin, Farfesa Harris ya rinjayi samuwar kimiyyar kimiyya, ra'ayin siyasa na wani saurayi. Bayan ya karɓi ilimi mai haske, Nuhu yana so ya sadaukar da kansa ga kimiyya.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwa na sirri a cikin tarihin rayuwar mai binciken za'a iya kiran shi kwantar da hankali da jituwa. A shekara ta 1947, saurayin yana da sabon labari tare da Carol Chaz, abokinsa aboki. A shekara ta 1949, masoya sun taka leda. Yara uku aka haife su a aure. Ma'auratan sun yi ƙauna da mutuwar mace a cikin 2008. Tarihi ya riƙe hoto na dangi mai farin ciki.A farkon 50s, masanin kimiyya tare da matarsa ta tafi ta zauna a Kibbutz - Commun jama'a na gona a cikin Isra'ila. A cikin wannan al'umma, garin dukiya da daidaito da kuma yawan amfani da aka inganta. Bayan wani lokaci, ma'auratan suka koma ga jihohi, tun daga batun akida da kuma kasawa da ke mulkin Kibbutz sun guga man.
Aikin kimiyya
A cikin 1955, Homsky ya kare distriporal dectriccoration, a kan wanda daga baya ya kirkiro littafin "tsarin yanki". A cikin wannan aikin, aka buga a shekarar 1957, marubucin, a cewar masu bincike, sun yi ainihin juyin juya hali a cikin ilimin harsuna. Wanda ya kirkiro da wani mutum na kirkirar ilimin nahawu (Jama'a) na da tasiri koda a kan kwatance na kimiyyar yaren da bai yarda da ka'idar masanin masanin kimiyya ba.
Maganar motsa jiki ita ce bincika canji da ka'idojin tsarin halitta. Noam ya lura cewa samun sahun dokokin nahawu, mutane na iya ƙirƙirar adadin bada shawarwari marasa iyaka. Hanyar gina maganganun harshe wani bangare ne na lambar kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan da yaren sun ji daɗin wannan ba su san cewa ana amfani da ƙa'idodi ƙa'idodi a cikin magana da kuma rubuce-rubucensu da hankali ba.
A tsawon lokaci, ka'idar ta cika da ka'idar da wasu tanadi. Homsky ya yi jayayya cewa don ci gaban 'ya'yan sauran yaruka, haddacewar raka'a na lexical (kalmomi) da morphe. Dabarun binciken, gabatar da shi a ka'idar, sun yi tasiri kan cibiyoyin kimiyya, nazarin hanyoyin aiwatar da kwakwalwa.
Littafin Nuwama "Man magana an sadaukar da shi ga wannan matsalar. Juyin halitta da yare. " Binciken maganganun nucleation na harshen nucleation na harshe, marubucin yayi Magana game da yadda mutum ya koya don yin magana, kamar yadda mutum ya koya, kamar yadda ikon yin tunani, amma da wuya a yi nazarin kasashen waje da sauransu. Wannan aikin mai ilimin harshe da aka kirkira tare da haɗin kai tare da Robert Berwik, ya tsunduma cikin abubuwan ci gaba a fagen ilimin wucin gadi.
Nazarin ilimin halin dan adam, Homsky ya rubuta aikin "M makamai don yaƙe-yaƙe na kwantar da hankali", wanda ka'idodin tasiri kan sanin mutum ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai. Daga baya kan wannan binciken, mutum ya kirkiro wata kasida "10 hanyoyin al'amura". A ciki, marubucin ya lissafa irin waɗannan hanyoyin tasirin tasirin da ke kan halayyar mutane a matsayin hankali, jinkirin aiki da sauransu.
Wannan aikin yana kusa da batun da littafin "samar da Concord". A ciki, noam, tare da Edward Herman, ya gabatar da ka'idar da ake kira "samfurin farfaganda". Dangane da ra'ayoyin masu bincike, kafofin watsa labarai sune masana'antu da aka gudanar cikin siyar da kaya. Kawai a wannan yanayin ba shine labarin, amma masu sauraro. An canza kayan zuwa wasu masana'antu - masu tularwa suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don sarrafa.
A cikin ilimin kimiyya na ɗan jarida, aikin shine aikin "wanda yake tsara duniya?" Bayyana game da umarnin duniya a cikin karni na XXI, Homsky ya rubuta game da wadanda ake kira wadanda ake kira masu mulkin lardunan, nazarin abin da tasirin su kan makomar bil'adama zasu kasance. A tsakiyar aikin - taken Amurka, gabatarwar kasar a matsayin karfi, wanda ya ba da damar kasawa a tsarin. Hakanan yana nufin abokan hamayyarsu na ciki da na ciki da abokai na jihohi.
Tunani kan abin da mutane suke tsammani a nan gaba, marubucin ya bayyana a littafin "yanayin nan gaba". A cikin aiki, masanin kimiyya dauke da matsayin jihar daga Asalin zuwa karni na XXI, bayyananniyar akidun na gwaji wanda ba zai ba da damar jama'a ba. Jihar wani sabon nau'in, a cewar Homsky, za a danganta shi da masu arziki.
A cikin aikin "Yaya aka shirya duniya" Noam na bincika matsalolin Amurka da na gida na Amurka, da kuma ayyukan kamfanoni da suka kwace tattalin arzikin duniya. Wani jami'in ya lura cewa bayan faduwar bangon Berlin da rushewar USSR, jihohin sun fara neman sabbin dama don fadada kayayyakin tasiri. A cikin 2015, masanin ilimin harshe ya yi aiki a matsayin sabon rawar ga kansa - ya taurare a cikin tattaunawar fim a kan mafarki na Amurka ".
Daraktan uku wanda ya halarci hoton a hoton, kuma aka kirkiro tef tsawon shekaru hudu. Aikin ya dogara ne da ra'ayoyin jama'a a kan na'urar jama'a da fatan alheri. A watan May 2019, Homsky ya bayyana a cikin canja wurin Vladimir Posner. Babban batutuwa na sakin dimokiradiyya da 'yancin magana, barazana, hankali da sauransu.
Noam Khomsky Yanzu
A shekarun 2020, duniya ta rufe cutar ta coronavirus. Masanin kimiyyar shekaru 91, kasancewa a cikin rufi a cikin Arizona, ya ba da wata hira da ta gano cewa ya gano dumama da dumamar duniya. A cewar mai ilimin harshe, yanzu COVID-19 Phenomon ne na wucin gadi, wanda zaku iya fada, kuma tare da matsalolin biyu da suna ta - ba shi yiwuwa.Faɗa
- "Karatu baya da sauki ka juya shafuka. Wannan yana tunanin rubuce-rubuce, alama a kan filayen, kwatancen tunani tare da wasu littattafai, bincika sababbin ra'ayoyi ko hotuna. "
- "Abin takaici, akwai rukuni ɗaya ne na abubuwa guda ɗaya kawai waɗanda za a iya aiwatarwa zuwa ga iyaka, don rikicewa gabaɗaya, kuma ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba ko kuma ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba ko kuma ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba ko kuma ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba ko iyakance ko iyaka. Duk mun san abin da yake ga na rukuni: samar da sojoji. "
- "Duk wani dabarar siyasa tana da rayuwa. Na wani lokaci ya rage sosai, sannan kuma sakamakon ya fara natsuwa. "
- "Dole ne a fahimci cewa duk wani sako daga bayanin da ba a san shi ba ko kuma asalin diflomasiyya an yi niyyar gaskata mutane a ciki. Irin wannan saƙo na iya zama mai gaskiya, kuma yana iya zama ƙarya. "Zai zama yadda muke faɗi!"
- "Babu wani ma'ana a cikin samun damar yin amfani da bayanai idan ba ku iya magance su ba. Kuma don wannan kuna buƙatar tunani, tunani, karatu. "
Littafi daya
- 1951 - "Morfone na Ibrananci na Zamani"
- 1957 - "tsarin synthact"
- 1965 - "bangarorin ka'idar Syntax"
- 1966 - "likitocin yasantu
- 1969 - "Halin Amurka da sabbin manya"
- 1971 - "matsalar ilimi da 'yanci"
- 1980 - "Dokoki da kuma wakilci"
- 1986 - "Ilimi da Harshe"
- 1988 - Harshe da siyasa "
- 1988 - "Samfurin yarda. TAFIYA TAFIYA TAVARS ADDID "
- 1989 - "" Buƙatar rashin fahimta: Kulawa da tunanin da al'ummar Democratic "
- 1992 - "rike dimokiradiyya"
- 1994 - "Yare da tunani"
- 1955 - "Matsalar shirin"
- 1996 - Yaƙin aji: Tattaunawa da David Barzymena "
- 1999 - "Sabon ɗan Adam na soja: darussan Kosovo"
- 1999 - "Riba a cikin mutane. Nakasassu da odar duniya "
- 2003 - "Gendement ko gwagwarmayar rayuwa: sha'awar Amurka zuwa mamaye duniya"