Tari
Alfred Marshall tun da yara da ake zarginsu ga kimiyya da abin da ya yanke shawarar yin tarayya da rayuwa. Ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin, wanda ya ba shi damar barin alama a cikin Tarihi kuma ya ƙayyade shugabanci na ci gaban horo na shekaru a gaba.Yaro da matasa
Alfred Marshal ya bayyana a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, 1842 a London. An haife shi a cikin dangin Ma'aikatar banki wacce ke da addini da banbanci mai tsauri, kusan halin rashin kulawa. Saboda haka, ɗan Alfred ya shiga cikin ɗalibinsa har darensa har zuwa daren, saboda abin da ya kasance mai rauni kuma ya sha wahala saboda yawan aiki. Ya yi ɗan lokaci tare da takwarorinta kuma ya kasance yana son cin mutuncin Chess.
A cikin wurin Uba, saurayi ya sauya makarantar sakandare ta atomatik. Da farko, Marshall ya jefa wa ilmin lissafi, amma saboda ƙwararrun rikicin na kwakwalwa, an tilasta shi don canzawa zuwa falsafa, sannan kuma akan ɗabi'a, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar tattalin arzikin.
Ya karbi malanta a kwalejin St. John, inda cikin 1868 ya fara koyarwa. A wannan lokacin, saurayin ya rubuta labarai kan ciniki na duniya kuma sun nemi karuwa a cikin binciken tattalin arziki.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekarar 1877, wani mutum ya auri Maryamu Panei, wacce take da dalibin sa a Cambridge. Sun zauna tare har zuwa mutuwar marshall, amma bai samu yara ba. Babu bayanan kimiyya game da sauran cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar mutum.Aikin kimiyya
Alfred ya kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa microvaconomics. Ayyukansa sun dogara da ka'idodin ka'idoji na gargajiya da na gargajiya, sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da fadada ra'ayoyin tattalin arziki tare da ayyukan Amurka John Therop. Bugu da kari, masanin ya tsaya a asalin ka'idar ta zamaCorassical kuma wakilin shahararren makarantar Cambridge ne.
A cikin binciken kimiyya, alfred neman ɗaga matsayin rayuwar rayuwar da ke aiki, la'akari da tasirin ilimi akan darajar albashi. Wannan ya haifar da sukar ayyukan Karl Marx, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa abin da ya haifar da cancantar.
Littafin farko shine "masana'antar tattalin arziki", wacce kuma Marshall ya kirkira tare da matarsa. Yayi kokarin rubuta a cikin yare mai sauki, mai iya fahimtar mutane, kuma ya sanya lissafin ilmin lissafi a aikace-aikace na kwararru.
Jim kadan a gaban wannan, wani mutum ya bar gidan malami a St. Ionna Kwalejin ya koma Kwalejin Jam'iyyar Bristol, inda ya karanta laccomi kan tattalin arziki da tattalin arzikin siyasa. A wannan lokacin, ya ci gaba da inganta "tattalin arzikin masana'antu", wanda daga baya aka buga a cikin hanyar tsarin karatun.
Sai Marshall ya fara aiki ne akan "ka'idodin ilimin tattalin arziki", wanda ya sadaukar da kusan shekaru 10 na tarihinsa. A wannan lokacin, masanin da aka samu ya zama malami a Oxford, sannan ya koma Cambridge don ɗaukar matsayin Farfesa na tattalin arziki.
Aikin da aka buga a shekarar 1890 ya ƙunshi manyan ra'ayoyin Alfred kuma sun sanya shahararre ba kawai a Ingila ba, har ma a duniya. An fassara ka'idojin kimiyyar tattalin arziki "an fassara su cikin yaruka da yawa kuma akai-akai game da tarawa.
Babban mahimmancin ka'idar masanin kimiyya shi ne hanyar m daidaitaccen daidaito. Don sanin abubuwan da suka shafi buƙatu da ba da shawara, da wani mutum da aka bayar don bincika kasuwar kayan aikin samarwa, farashin ƙarin kaya da bukatunsu .
Wani rabo daga Marshall ya zama abin ƙira, wanda kuma ake kira gicciye, ko almakashi. Wannan hoto ne mai hoto wanda ake buƙata da kuma jumla da jimla a cikin wani muhimmin farashin farashin kasuwa.
Tare da shekaru, lafiyar masanin masanin ilimin ya fara nesen, kuma an tilasta masa barin jami'ar kuma ya zauna a gida. Amma Alfred ya ci gaba da shiga cikin ci gaban tattalin arzikin, buga littattafan "masana'antu da kasuwanci, da" kudi ", amma ba su da shahara kamar ayyukan da suka gabata.
Mutuwa
Shahararren neoclassic ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1924 a cikin gidan a Cambridge, sanadin mutuwa ya raunana lafiya. Kabarinsa yana kan kujerar Ikklisiya a karkashin cocin Hawan Yesu zuwa sama. Ko bayan mutuwa, mutumin ya kasance mai tasiri adadi a cikin tattalin arziƙi kuma ya bar tunanin kansa a cikin 'yan ayyuka da baki da fari hotuna.Littafi daya
- 1879 - "Masana tattalin arziki"
- 1879 - "tsarkakakken ka'idar kasuwanci da ka'idar ɗabi'a"
- 1890 - "ka'idodin kimiyyar tattalin arziki"
- 1919 - "Masana'antu da Kasuwanci"
- 1922 - "kudi, aro da kasuwanci"