Peter Drucker - Hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, mai kula da gudanarwa

Tari

Peter Drucker shine wanda ya kafa gudanarwar zamani. An yi imanin cewa wannan kimiyya ce mai daidai da lissafin lissafi, iyakance ta dokoki da poulatules, don keta wanda ba zai yiwu ba. Masanin tattalin arzikin ya fara gane cewa kowannensu ya dauke kamfanin halitta ne na rayuwa, kuma ya zama dole a zabi duk algorithms don shi da kaina. Har wa yau, ana la'akari da masanin masanin cewa daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun kuma mafi yawan masu bincike da kuma gudanar da ayyukan gudanarwa.

Yaro da matasa

Bitrus Ferinand ducker an haife shi ne a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1909 a Vienna, daya daga cikin dangin Attaf Driver da Medica, Caroline Boni Hoemwives.

Shiga cikin hotunan getty

Ilimi na ka'idojin aikin gudanarwa ya fara da abincin dare. Sau uku a mako, jami'ai, lauyoyi, likitoci, likitoci, masana ilimin mutane, masana kimiyya da masana kimiyyarsu suna cikin gidan iyayensa. Sun tattauna batutuwa iri-iri - daga tattalin arziki zuwa psychoanalysis. Kofofin taro don haka taron Bitrus don Bitrus ya buɗe.

"Ila ya kasance na," ya yi rubutu daga baya a cikin diary.

Daga cikin baƙi na dindindin sune masana tattalin arziki Josef Schumper, Friedrich Von Hayek Schumpeter, Ludwenchics Von List, da Jan Jan Jan Masorzvald. Ra'ayoyinsu ne cewa matasa sun yi zurfi cikin tunani, an gina tunanin nasu akan manyan dabarunsu.

Bayan karshen wasan motsa jiki a cikin 1927, Dr., wanda ya gaza nemo aiki a cikin wanda aka azabtar bayan yakin duniya na farko, ya koma Jamus. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Hamburg kuma a cikin Frankfurt. Kuma a cikin 1931, ya karbi daya daga cikin taken goma - digiri na digiri a fagen kasa da kasa da kasa da jama'a a Jami'ar Frankfurt. Johanna Wolfgang Von Goethe.

Rayuwar sirri

A cikin 1933, dram na Peter ya koma Burtaniya. Anan bai samu ba kawai kwarewar aiki, harma da matarsa ​​Doris Schmitz, wacce ta yi nazarin jami'ar Frankfurt. Ma'auratan sun taka a bikin aure a cikin 1934, kuma a cikin 1937 sun matsa har abada a Amurka.

Rayuwa na sirri ya ci gaba cikin nutsuwa har sai mutuwar Bitrus a cikin 2005. Yara huɗu da aka haife su a aure. Tarihi bai adana hotunan iyali ba. Mafi yawan masu ɗaukar hoto na mai ɗaukar hoto suna kewaye da ɗalibai ko littattafai.

Aikin kimiyya

A shekara ta 1934, Bitrus ya zo karatawar John Meinard a Jami'ar Cambridge. Rikodin a cikin littafin tarihi game da wannan ranar a matsayin lokacin farko mai shekaru 70,

"Ba zato ba tsammani ya fahimci cewa Keynes da duk ɗaliban tattalin arziki masu haske waɗanda suke a cikin karatun suna sha'awar halayen kayayyaki. Ina sha'awar halayen mutane. "

Daya daga cikin drusius na farko yayi magana cewa babban abu a cikin kasuwanci ba shine manufar "dan kasuwa" ba, amma "mabukaci." Yana daga mutane ne da ke dogara da buƙatun, kuma tare da su ma'aikatan ma'aikata, albashin su, matakin tattalin arziƙi. A lokaci guda, hoton mai amfani ya samar da dan kasuwa wanda ya haifar da samfurin wanda yake a aljihun sa.

Labarin kimiyya akan tattalin arziƙi, siyasa da al'umma, wanda mutum ya rubuta a cikin shekaru takwas na gaba, wanda mutum mai ban sha'awa ne ga "Janar Motors" - ɗayan manyan kamfanoni a duniya a lokacin. A shekarar 1943, an dauki tattalin arzikin tattalin arziƙi ne ga duba siyasa.

Sakamakon nazarin shekaru 2 na nazarin "kitchen" na "Motors" shi ne littafin "The Corporation ra'ayi" (1946). A ciki, mai wasan kwaikwayo na gudanarwa na nazarin matsayin jagoranci a babban kamfani, ya bayyana yadda dangantakar da ke tsakanin ma'aikatar, da sauransu.

Musamman, Drover ya rubuta cewa jagoranci shine kyakkyawan ra'ayi, musamman ga babban kamfani. Bayan duk, sakamakon ya dogara da yadda ma'aikata talakawa suke cika da wajibai a kansu. Jagora mai tasiri shine wanda zai iya isar da matsayinta ga ma'aikata da kuma motsa su a kan sakamako mai kyau. A cikin hasken wannan, mai laifin ya ba da shawarar "saman" Motors "don sake duba halinta ga ma'aikata, rage matsanancin bulala a kan gingerbread.

Shugaba da Babban Daraktan Janar Motors Alfred Sloan ba irin wannan sakamakon gwajin ba. Kuma "ra'ayin kamfanin" ya fusata da mai girman kai sosai cewa ya yi wani tsari wanda littafin bai wanzu ba ko kaɗan. Dangane da shaidar Bitrus, Sloan ba ya yarda kowa ya ambaci shi.

Koyaya, yana godiya ga "ra'ayi na kamfani", an san dillalin cikin shawara. Audit nasa ya ba da umarnin waɗannan manyan kamfanoni a matsayin "Janar na lantarki", W.RARI, DA KYAUTA DA IBM. Daga baya, da ka'idojin da aka gabatar da iliminsa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu - Misali, Red Cross na Amurka da Ceto na ceto.

A cikin 1954, littafin da aka nema na Peter Drucker "aikin gudanarwa" ya fito. A ciki, marubucin ya fara amfani da manufar "gudanarwa ta hanyar". A karkashin shi an fahimci cewa ya kamata ma'aikata su bi manufofin guda iri wanda kamfanin yake zuwa gaba. A zahiri, an haifi wayon da wayo.

Shiga cikin hotunan getty

Masanin kimiyya yayi bayani cewa ana shirya shi da kyau a gaban ma'aikaci na Goals 3-5. Karamin adadin su zai kai ga downtime, ƙarin zuwa "sake fasalin". A lokaci guda, manajan dole ne ya ba da kayan aiki don cimma nasarar waɗannan manufofin don kada a gabatar da ƙarin kuɗi na zahiri da na jiki ga ma'aikaci. Don dacewa da aiwatar, ana bada shawara don zana maƙasudin bishiya - a wasu kalmomin, shirya matakan don cimma sakamakon.

Gudummawar gudummawa ga mai shan wahala ya aikata wahalar wuce gona da iri. Ya karya sanarwar 'yan Adam game da wannan yanki a matsayin daidaitaccen kimiyya, United da kuma Sefwa da komai sananne game da tattalin arzikin, ma'adanin gudanarwa, tallata. Sannan kuma ya inganta kalmomi, da fahimta har zuwa wani shugaban noice.

Peter shine marubucin littattafan 39 littattafai da aka fassara zuwa yaruka 36. Shahararren su shine "al'adun ayyuka" (1954), "kasuwanci da bidi'a" (1985), "gudanarwa yayin manyan canje-canje" (1995), "gudanarwa. Kira na karni na XXI "(1999).

Babban masanin tattalin arzikinmu ya inganta ba wai kawai a cikin littattafai ba, har ma daga sashen. Daga 1942 zuwa 1949, ya koyar da siyasa da falsafa a kwalejin Bennington mai zaman kansa a Vernet, kuma daga 1950 zuwa 1971 ya shiga cikin gudanar da daliban New York.

Mutuwa

Tashin tarihin dan adam ya ƙare a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2005 a magatakarda, California. Dalilin mutuwa halitta ne - mai taken bai tsira 8 kwana kafin ranar haihuwar 96th ba. Matarsa ​​Doris Schmitz kuma ta juya ta zama mai dadewa: Ta mutu a watan Oktoba 2014 da shekara 103.

Faɗa

• "Yana da mahimmanci don yin abubuwan da suka dace fiye da yin abubuwa daidai."
• "Hanya mafi kyau don hango hasashen makomar shine don ƙirƙirar shi."
• "Asiri na Jafananci shine cewa ba sa yin rahoto kan aiki, amma aiki."
• "A majagunan kowane masana'antar cin kasuwa sun tsaya sau ɗaya yanke shawara."
• "Mai nuna mai inganci shine talakawa da suke yin abubuwan da ba a yi ba."

Littafi daya

• 1939 - "ƙarshen ɗan adam: Asali asalinsa"
• 1942 - "makomar ma'aikatan masana'antu"
• 1946 - "Tunani na kamfani"
• 1954 - "Yin gudanarwa"
• 1968 - "Kifi na ripple: alamun ƙasa don ƙungiyar masu canzawa"
• 1973 - "gudanarwa: ayyuka, nauyi, aiki"
• 1982 - "Canza duniyar zartarwar zartarwa"
• 1985 - "Kasuwanci da bidi'a"
• 1990 - "Gudanarwa a cikin ƙungiyar da ba kasuwanci ba: ƙa'idodi da ayyukan"
• 1998 - "A kan sarrafa ƙwararru: game da kwararren manajan"
• 1999 - "Gudanarwa. Kiran Kira na XXI "
• 2001 - "Encyclopedia na gudanarwa"
• 2002 - "Gudanarwa a cikin jama'ar nan gaba"
• 2002 - "Manajan Inganci"
• 2004 - "Dr. na kowace rana. Soviets 366 nasara Manajan Manajan »