Tari
Masanin kimiyyar Amurka Norbert Norbert Norbert wani mutum ne. Yana amfani da subtluties na lissafi, kasancewa tare da Claude Shannon, wanda ya kafa Shannon, da wanda ya kirkiro da fasahar sirri, mutum ya nuna mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki. Masanin kimiyyar manta da yadda al'amuran nasa suka duba, bai amince da abokan aiki ba kuma bai nuna sauran wari ba.Yaro da matasa
Norbert an haife shi ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1894 a Colombia, Missouri. Yaron ya zama ɗan fari na Leo Wierer da Berta Kan, Jamusanci ta kasa. A lokacin hisansa, mahaifinsa ya riƙe matsayin farfesa a Ma'aikatar Slavic Harsuna da wallafe-wallafen a Harvard. Ana iya ɗauka cewa ƙalubalen ƙwararren masaniya ya sami ra'ayoyin giya daga iyaye. Tun daga yaro, Leo na iya magana da yaruka 12.
Norbert koya haruffa a cikin shekaru 2 da aka ƙulla, kuma a ranar 3 ga iyayensa a matsayin kyauta a tarihin na halitta, wanda ya karanta a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Sanarwa a cikin magajin, irin wannan mahimman damar, Uba ya fara aiki da kullun tare da yaron. Da shekaru shida, yaron ya sadu da halittun tsoffin litattafan litattafai, ayyukan Charles Darwin da tsofaffin Huxley.
A 7an shekara 7, ya rubuta binciken kimiyya game da Darwiniyanci, kuma a cikin 11 ya zama ɗalibin kwalejin Taft. Leo a koyaushe ya ba da wata hira, gaya game da kyautar Sonan, yayin da yake nuna kibarewa a gare shi. Matsakaicin mahaifinsa a nan gaba ya sanya yatsa a gaba, ya sanya wani rashin tsaro a cikin kansa, ya ba da izini da kuma hadaddun abubuwa.
A cikin shekaru 15, tunda saurayi ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Cornell da Harvard jami'o'i, inda ya kasance da dabarun lissafi. A karshen, sun sami digiri na biyu. A cikin shekaru 19, aka gayyaci wani saurayi ya koyar a Cibiyar Fasahar Massachusetts.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1926, ilimin lissafi Marint Margaret Engemann, ya yi ƙaura zuwa jihohin daga Jamus. Zabi da aka samo don iyayen Sonan. Duk da wannan, rayuwar masanin masanin ilimin ya zama mai farin ciki da jituwa.Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu - theya mata da' ya'ya mata na Barbara da Margaret. Duk da yaduwar, hali ga bacin rai, wanner ya juya ya zama uba da dangin dangi. Masu bincike sun lura cewa a cikin tarawar 'yan mata, Norbertr ya yi ƙoƙarin guje wa hanyoyin da suka yi amfani da shi.
Aikin kimiyya
A cikin shekaru 5 na farko na aiki a cikin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, masanin kimiyya ta fitar da bangarorin kimiyya 29 da ke rufe bangarori daban-daban. Ko da a farkon 1920s, aikin Albert Einstein, wanda ya bincika motsi na barbashi na polles da yawa daga ruwa. Har sai einstein, wannan sabon abu ya fara rikodin Botanist Robert launin ruwan kasa a 1827, amma bisa ga doka a lissafin lissafi ba a la'akari.
Wiener yana sha'awar sabon abu, kuma nan da nan mutum ya haifar da dabara cewa daga baya ya karbi sunan masarrafar aikin. A cikin 1930s, masanin masanin ya ci gaba da asarar Wiener - hinchin, a cikin abin da ya yi la'akari da haɗin kai tsakanin sigina da kwafin da aka jinkirta wannan sigina dangane da nau'in jinkirin.
Mutumin yayi niyyar amfana da kasar a lokacin da sojojin soja. Lokacin da yaƙin duniya na fara, Nordert ya so ya yi yaƙi, amma bai wuce Hukumar ba saboda gani. A yayin mai binciken yakin duniya na biyu, wanda ya tsunduma cikin ci gaban kayan aikin don tsarin kashe gobarar jirgin sama. A sakamakon haka, sabuwar dabara da aka yi alama farkon sabon shafin a cikin tarihin rayuwar Amurka-kirkirar Cybernetics.
Gudanar da zurfi a cikin binciken dokokin Cybernetic, wanda aka gabatar da ilimin lissafi a cikin amfani da kimiyya, wanda daga baya suka samo bayyananniyar ma'ana a cikin wucin gadi, hanyoyin bincike da sauran yankuna. WiennNnetic masanin da kanta ya gano duka kimiyya na sadarwa da gudanarwa da kuma gudanar da tsarin halittu (tsarin jihun kasa), da tsarin wucin gadi).
A yayin aikin kimiyya, wani mutum ya rubuta littattafai da yawa da matsalolin fasaha da al'umma da aka yi la'akari da su. Don haka, a cikin aikin "Kamfanin" Allah da Golev "" Masanin masanin a cikin mahallin duniyar addini ya dauki irin ci gaban injina na tunani.
A tsakiyar binciken - Tambayoyin halittar halitta. Tambayoyi ne ta hanyar tambayoyi: Idan Allah ya halicci wani mutum, mutum - mota, ba za ta iya haihuwa da kuma dabarar da kanta ba. Hankali hankali, sannu a hankali ya rufe sassan rayuwar mutane, na iya canza babban ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a.
Phrases daga wannan littafin sun zama shahararrun maganganu. Hakanan, suna da ayyukan "kimiyya da al'umma", "in ji cybernetics da al'umma". Nazarin Informatics ta hanyar Wiener ya ba da damar ɗaukar daidaici tare da ayyukan kimiyya na Bashaidi, wanda ya juya ya zama Mahaliccin samfuran farko na kayan aikin.
Mutuwa
Bayan 'yan watanni kafin mutuwar masanan ya karbi lambar zinare ta Amurka, babbar kyautar ga mutane na kimiyya a jihohi. A bikin, shirya a kan wani taron wannan taron, Lyndon Johnson ya lura da gudummawar mai binciken zuwa kimiyya, aiki a ci gaban fasaha. A fuskar NORBERRT, Shugaban kasa ya ga siginar syemiliosis na tsarkakakkiyar lissafi da kuma kimanta kimiyyar kimiyya. Mai binciken bai zama a cikin Maris 1964 ba. Sanadin mutuwa shine bugun zuciya.Nasarorin kimiyya
- Wanda ya kafa na Cybernetics
- Tsarin ilmin lissafi na motsi na launin fata na launin fata, wanda aka sani da aikin Wiener
- Viener Hinchin Theorem, wanda kuma aka sani da Hinchin-koolmogorov Theorem
- Aikin raba siginar mai amfani daga amo, an mai suna Mathumatician guda, an mai suna Mulastar da Wiener
- Ka'idar Wiener na tsarin da ba a sani ba
- Wiif Extation - Linar Hener Hiplal tare da bambanci mai ban mamaki a kan ingantaccen Semi-Axis
- Manya Mai Girma
Faɗa
- "Tafiya ta kimiyya ita ce cewa an sadaukar da ita ga neman gaskiya."
- "Mafi kyawun tsarin cat shi ne cat iri ɗaya, kuma mafi kyau - shi da kansa."
- "Ana yawan bambance-bambancen masana ta hanyar rashin hankali, kuma a sauƙaƙe jin daɗin azaman masu zane da mawaƙa."
- "Abin da bamu da cewa ba tukuna iya tsara tsarin tsara mutum daga wuri zuwa wuri zuwa wani yana da alaƙa da yawancin matsalolin fasaha."
- "A cikin duniyar Probabillic, ba mu da ƙarin abubuwa da ka'idoji da hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi wasu sararin samaniya na gaba ɗaya, kuma a maimakon haka za mu iya samu a cikin zaton da yawa Duniya. "
Littafi daya
- 1914 - "Sauƙaƙa a cikin dabarun dangantaka"
- 1930 - "General Harmonic bincike"
- 1933 - "Ariya ta huɗu kuma wasu aikace-aikacen sa"
- 1942 - "Costpoint, taushi, mai sanyin jiki na hayaki na ɗan lokaci"
- 1948 - "Cybernetics, ko gudanarwa da sadarwa a cikin dabba da injin"
- 1950 - "Halin ɗan adam na mutane: Cybernetics da al'umma"
- 1953 - "Tun daga wunderan wunderan sanda: ƙuruciyata da matasa"
- 1956 - "Ni - na lissafi"
- 1958 - "Ayyukanta marasa amfani a cikin ka'idar tsarin aiki"
- 1959 - "Shakarin mai cuta"
- 1964 - "Kamfanin hadin gwiwa" Allah da Golem ": Tattaunawa wasu matsaloli wanda cybernetics ya fuskanci addini"