Tari
"Ni Bayahude ne ga jini, gwarzo a duniya mikhail botvinnik game da kansa a cikin tarihin Chess. Pupilsalibai na makarantar sun kirkira daga cikin tsohuwar wasan kasance Harry Kasparov da Vladimir Karnik.Yaro da matasa
An haifi dan wasan Chess a watan Agusta 1911, a ranar Avdoti Okurchnitsy, a cikin ƙasar kauyen Karelus. Yanzu ana kiran ƙaramin wurin Botvinnik na Botvinnik don girmama babban sanannen mazaunin - Artist Aryga Repin.
A cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na 20 a cikin ƙauyen, launin Russipsky, Maxador Shalypin, Vlador Shalypsky, a ƙauyen Villas (ko kuma zauna). Idan masu shahararrun sun fara cutar da haƙoransu, don taimaka musu da iyayen jikokin kan gaba: mahaifiyar Botvinnik ta yi maganin deno. Iyalin Mikhail Ishaku suma sun tashi a cikin iyali.
Iyayen dan wasan Chess United ba kawai sana'ar bane, har ma da juyin juya halin da suka gabata, har ma da kasa. Koyaya, Uba ya hana mahaifiyar da za ta yi magana da yaran a kan Idiyo, saboda yana son 'ya'ya su sami nasarar samun nasarar cin nasara.
Kafin nasarar juyin juya halin Musulunci, iyaye sun sake, amma suna ba da hankali a zinare na masifa na dabaru sun bar tsohon matar. Sabuwar Aikin Musa GirsChopichich ya gabatar da Mikhail da Ishaku ga 'yar'uwar Maryamu.
Tare da Chess, dan wasan na gaba ya sadu da shi, kafin hakan, yaron yana sha'awar daukar hoto da motsa jiki. Babban Ilimi mai zurfi Botvinnik ya karbi a cikin Cibiyar Polyrad Polyrad ta sunan sunan bayan Mikhail Kalinin. Yanzu a babban ginin jami'a, wanda Mikhail Moiseevich ya mallaki injiniyan lantarki a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, an shigar da wani kwamiti mai ban mamaki.
Rayuwar sirri
Duk wadanda suka san Mikhail Moiseevich suna da sanannen ɗan wasan Seviet Chess a matsayin mai mulkin. Farin ciki a rayuwar sirri mutumin da ya samu daga Ballerina na wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Kirov Gayane Ananova. A shekara ta 1933, bayan da zane tare da Babban Salomon Florom, Botvinnik akan liyafa ya sami damar rawa tare da abokin aiki matar nan gaba - shahararren Galina Ulanva. Dan wasan Chess ya ce ma'adanin juyayi na lokaci daya tare da kafafu biyu wajen mayar da hankali mallaki abokin tarayya.Matasa sun yi aure a 1935. Shekara kafin bikin aure, José Raul Kapablanca ya bayyana Gothane tare da kalmomin daga fim din "Caucasian fursuna bayan shekaru 34 -" da wayo, da kyau. " Wataƙila wannan fasalin da aka baiwa yarinyar da sanannen abokin hamayyar Michael amincewa a cikin daidaitaccen zaɓi na Amarya, kuma ya ba da shawarar hannu da dancer zuciya.
Kadai 'yar Olga Tallace-tallace biyu da aka haife ta a 1942 a cikin perm: zuwa birni, sannan ake kira Molotov, Gidan wasan Kirgi. A cikin fitarwa, dangi na mutane bakwai (ciki har da Seraphim Samoilvna, Nyanya Oli Aniilovna, Nyanya Oli Anila, da kuma bayan yaƙin, sun karbi gidaje masu tsayi a Moscow a Moscow na Duniya .
A cikin ƙuruciya, iyayen sun yi ƙoƙarin haɗa da 'ya mace da suka ɗaukaka su. Hoto na Mikhail Moiseevich, wanda ya koya wa OLGA don matsar da sifofi a kan allo. Koyaya, ba darajan yarinya ko yarinya chorolography sha'awar ba.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba Botvinnik suna kan tsalle da Kayak. Mikhail Moiseevich yana ƙaunar wakokin Postera kuma suna gaya wa barkwanci. Koyaya, babban sha'awar wani gida ne akan Dutsen 11.
Babban abin da ya yi da kaina ya kirkiro da aikin gidaje, kuma don samar da kayan gini na gina jiki, ya ba da wani taro na wasan na lokaci guda akan kasuwancin motsa jiki a cikin Keliking. A gida, an kuma kawo botvinnik daga wanke kan iyaka da maniver, wanda kuma mai karbar hoto ya saurari gidan rediyon BBC, kuma mafarkin yara Sani.
Mikhail Moiseevich da Gayane Davidovna ya rayu tare a karni, kodayake a yanayi sun bambanta gabaɗaya. Matar mai taushi ce mai taushi kuma mai mahimmanci tare da duk maƙwabta, gami da matar mawaki Tikhon Khrenikov da jirgin saman jirgin saman Andrei Tupolev, kuma miji yana da kyau a cikin sadarwa. Tare da ci gaba mai tsauri, botvinnik ya taimaka wa iyalan ɗan'uwan uwana da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwarsu da suka mutu a yakin.
An bambanta 'yar fanshe ta hanyar samun' yancin kai da ka'idoji - ba a sanya hannu kan wasannin chess ba, kuma ba wanda ya fallasa manufar karfafa Isra'ila Soviet Chilites na dan asalin Yahudu. Botvinnik, wanda aka haife shi a Emperor Nicolae II, shekarun da suka gabata na tarihin rayuwar rayuwar Boris, ba kamar yadda yawancin membobin CPU ba, ba su bar jam'iyyar ba.
Chess da Kimiyya
Watanni shida bayan da ya sani game da Chess, Mikhail ya cimma nasarar farko a lambar Champip na Makaranta 157, a cikin wani saurayi na farko da aka ambata mujallar "Chess Jerin". A watan Nuwamba 1925, yayin zaman Capablanca na lokaci guda Capablanca a cikin Leningrad, saurayi mai ci gaba mai ci gaba da ya ci nasarar gwarzon duniya. A shekara mai zuwa, Mikhail ya kasu kashi biyu da 3 a gasar Leningrad a Chess tare da sunansa (uwa) Ilya Rabiovich.
Yana da shekaru 20, botvinnik da farko ya zama zakara na USSR, kuma a cikin 1933 ya sake samun taken sake, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa nasarar farko ba haɗari bane. Taken na 'yan wasan Chess na Cersia na duniya' yan asalin duniya kookkaly samu kawai a 1948: Ba wai kawai yaƙin ba, har ma kare Mikhail Moisevich Sabis. Masanajan ya yi aiki a zaman lafiya na aikin lantarki wanda aka haɗa a cikin tsarin makamashi da aka haɗa. Botvinnik shine marubucin da yawa don inganta gudanarwa na injin wutar lantarki.
Gabaɗaya, Mikhail Moiseevich ya sani yadda ake karfafa abokin gaba mai ban mamaki a gare shi. Musamman ma wannan kyautar ta bayyana kanta a wasan daukar hoto don kambi na Chess tare da Mikhail Thale a cikin shekarun 1960.
Jam'iyyar 1963 sun shiga labarin tsakanin Botvinnik da kuma matasa dan wasan Chess dan wasan Chess, wanda ya ƙare cikin zane. Don hutu, Ba'amurke ya bar fa'idar ɗayan pawn kuma yana da tabbacin nasara. Koyaya, da dare, ƙungiyar horar da Botvinnik, ta kai ta Efim Geller, sun fito da wani zaɓi wanda ya kawo EndGame zuwa zane. Bayan wasan, Fisher ya fashe, makarkaci da yake cikin hannunsa.
A cikin wannan shekarar 1963, Tigran Petroyan ya maye gurbin Mikhail Moiseevich akan Chess Olympus. A hankali, botvinnik ya koma daga ayyukan caca da kuma mayar da hankali kan tarawa da matasa 'yan wasa da kuma bunkasa wasan algorithm na kwamfuta. A cikin Amurka, mahaifin "ka'idar bayanan" Ka'idar "Claude Shannon ya warware irin wannan matsalar.
Tunanin tattalin arzikin da Mikhail Moiseevich bayan rasuwar Joseph Stalin ya juya zuwa wajen samar da tattalin arzikin kasar CSPU, kuma a cikin amfani da kwamfutoci na kasa da hadin kai, wato, hadawa da karfi na zamantakewa da tsarin jari hujja. Masu aikin da suka fara so su mallaki mahimmancin m daga cikin jam'iyyar, duk da haka, yin la'akari da matsayin Botvinnik ya canza tunaninsa.
Mutuwa
Mikhail Moiseevich ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1995. Dalilin marubucin marubucin Botvinnik "da littafin" Shah XX karni "shi ne cutar kansa. Watanni 3 kafin mutuwar dan wasan Chess ya ba da hirar da ta gabata, kuma a cikin sa'o'i na ƙarshe da ya ba da umarni don tsara jana'izar.A fatawar dan kungiyar, ba a warware 'yar fikkin wari-bambaniyar ba kuma ma'anar rashin jin dadi kawai za ta iya cewa ban kwana ga makara. Bayan kashin baya, urn tare da toka da toka na Mikhail Moiseevich an binne shi a Columbarium na Novevichy hurumi, inda ragowar Gayane Daviden sun sake kunna shekaru 8.
Tunani
- Commemoorative Coin "Shekarar 100 da haihuwa da haihuwa dan wasan chess M. M. Botvinnik" tare da yardar shara
- Hukumar taron tunawa a Babban Ginin St. Petersburg Jami'ar Peter Great
- Sunan Mikhail Botvinnik ya kira jirgin saman Boeing 737 Aeroflot Airlines
Lambobin yabo
- 1936 - Umurnin "Rantagewa"
- 1945 - Umarni na biyu "
- 1945 - An girmama Jagora na USSR
- 1957 - odar Lenin
- 1961 - oda na ɗan ɗan ƙaramin ɗan kwadago
- 1971 - Ma'aikaci na al'ada na Rsfsr
- 1981 - oda na juyin juya halin Oktoba
- 1991 - Girmanci Ma'aikata da Fasaha
Littafi daya
- 1934 - "Mataki flor - botvinnik"
- 1938 - "Zabi bangarorin 1926-1936"
- 1939 - "Barka da ɗaukar Aleekhin - Everw zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya"
- 1949 - "Zaɓaɓɓun sassan 1926-1946"
- 1951 - "Makarantar Chess"
- 1960 - "Asychronozed na'urar na'urar guda ɗaya"
- 1968 - "Algorithm na Chess wasannin"
- 1975 - "Wasanni uku anatoly karpva"
- 1975 - "A kan burin cybernetic na wasan"
- 1978 - "rabin karni a Chess"
- 1978 - "Don cimma burin"
- 1979 - "Daga dan wasan chess zuwa motar"
- 1979 - "A kan shawarar da ba a yanke shawara"
- 1979 - "Tsaro na Granefeld"
- 1983 - "Episodes na Chess Batties"
- 1989 - "Hanyar Chess na warware ayyukan kalmar sirri"
- 1997 - "maƙasudi"