Tari
Konstant na Rasha Konstantin Makovsky da aka fara zuwa makarantar ilimi, amma a kan lokaci yana wadatar da salonsa tare da fasalulluka na alamomi, baroque da zamani. Mai kunnawa ya ba da kyautar da aminci, wacce ta kunshi yawancin hotunan hoto da kuma canjin tarihi. Za a nuna zane-zanensa a mafi kyawun taron Rasha, gami da Tretodov Gallery, Gidan Tarihi na Rasha da Hermitage.Yaro da matasa
Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky (girmamawa a kan sigar syllable na biyu da aka haife a Moscow a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1839 a cikin tsohuwar salo. Da alama an ƙaddara shi ya zama tarihin rayuwar mai zane. Babu mamaki Ubansa, ko da yake ya bi da masoyo, amma sadaukar da kai ga rayuwar art. Mutumin ya yi aiki da kuɗi, amma kurwa ta zama abin farin ciki. Ya yi karatu da tattara zanen, wanda ya tsunduma cikin kera minatalates daga kashi, kula da aikin da ya dace a fagen fasaha.
Misali, ya kasance cikin wadanda suka kafa makarantun zanen zane, sikelin da gine-gine kuma an jera su a cikin aikin Cibiyar Kristi Mai Ceto. Gidansa, wanda yake a tsakiyar Moscow, wurin taro ne don masu kida, marubutan da masu zane waɗanda galibi suna ziyarta a rubuce da maɗaukaki. Kofofin garin sun kasance koyaushe don abokai - masu fasahar Charles bryullov da kuma tropin.
A cikin babban taro na gida, matar cornivna, wacce ta bambanta ta da kyau, hankali da tsananin zafin rai, suna haskakawa a cikin ƙungiyoyi. Kuma matar ta rera daidai, nuna fasaha a gaban baƙi da raba su da ɗalibai a cikin Conservatory na Moscow. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa duk yaran mako biyar daure rayuwa da fasaha. A lokaci guda, ƙaramin Mashera ya zaɓi mai aiki mai aiki, da kuma Sasha, Kostya, Killya da Fokali da Fokali sun zama masu fasaha.
Godiya ga uwa Konstantin, tun lokacin yara, sun yi rawa kuma sunyi wasa da piano, amma babban burin a ciki. Yana da shekara 12, yaron ya fara koya daga Masters na Masters na Midcow makarantar zanen, sikelin da gine-gine, inda ya zama ɗalibin mafi kyau. Yi yabon masu jagoranci, Shiga cikin nune-nunen da nasarar a cikin gasa kawai sun yarda da Makovsky a cikin rijiyar da aka zaɓa. A cikin 1858, mai zane ya koma St. Petersburg don ci gaba da iliminsa a cikin cibiyoyin fasaha na Parmaly, wanda ya sauke karatu daga cikin daliban farko.
Rayuwar sirri
Makovsky shine mutumin da yake da kyau da mahimmanci. Bala'i mai ban sha'awa, mai farin ciki da mara hankali, ya fi so mata da makomar bala'i, sabili da haka rayuwarsa ta hadari. Barka da gaskiyar cewa farkon 'yari' yar Natalia ta fara amfani da ita kafin aure. Duk da gaskiyar cewa ta rayu kuma ta kawo yarinyar a cikin gidan Uba, ba ta sami ɗaukacin ba. Aure na farko na Konstantin bai da daɗewa ba: ya auri lauya Elena Burkova a cikin 1866, kuma bayan shekaru 3, da yaran ya mutu daga Chatek. Bai rayu da Shekarar da aka haife shi ba a cikin ɗauri dan Vladimir.Bayan shekara guda, maidowa mai lamba dan shekaru 35 na kyakkyawa Julia Skolkovoy ya auri gwarzo na aikinsa mai kyau. Auren da aka yi farin ciki ya dauki shekaru 20, yara uku da aka haife su, Sergey, Elena da Vladimir. A cikin aikin Makovsky, hotunan su ma sun mamaye wani muhimmin wuri.
Duk da cewa gidan mai artist ya cika kwano, inda yanayin ƙauna, farin ciki da fasaha ya faru. Dalilin shi ne sabon ƙaunar Konstantin Egorovich, ya yi bikin da shi a cikin Paris a shekara ta 1891. Mariya Matavtina ya kasance ƙarami fiye da shekara 30, wanda bai hana littafin da yake so ba, 'ya'yan itacen wanda shine ɗan bandakin farin ciki. Julia Pavelovna bai gafarta mata mijin don cin amana ba, kuma ya bar ya rayu ga sabon ƙaunataccen, wanda ya zama matar hukuma bayan kashe aure. A wannan lokacin, 'ya'ya uku da aka haife su a hannun biyu, kuma bayan kammalawar ƙungiyar, ɗan Nikolai ya bayyana a cikin iyali.
Tare da dangin da suka gabata, Makovsky ya karya dangane da yara da yara, haka ma, ya nemi a sami zanen m don abubuwan da suke ciki. Abun sha'awa da kuma litattafan da ke da hankali da yawa kuma sojojin masu zane, waɗanda suka shaida:
"Ina ƙaunar rayuwar da mata da yawa, yana cutar da ni sosai don fasaha."Halitta
Da alama an ba shi sauƙi mai sauƙi. Ba shi da wahala sannan kuma ku sami kuɗi, amma ta hanyar ta zama mafi girman mai zane na lokacinsa. Zane-zane na mai zanen, wanene, tare da wannan nasarar, ana ƙirƙiri zane na tarihi da buƙata da buƙata da buƙatun. Fitawar a cikin gado na Konstantin Egorovich da abin da har yanzu yana cikin tsawansa, wanda ke nuna yadda ya kasance mai yawan sadarinsa.
Koyaya, hotuna na "Hawker" suna amfani da mafi girman daraja - an kula da su ga kyawawan mutane da aka nuna a adon gargajiya Rashanci. Wannan zagaye ya hada da aikin "na shayi", "a teku", "Honeama zuma".
Makovsky kaunace don ƙirƙirar hotuna a tarihi Tawagar, ya kuma rubuta da zane dangane shahara abubuwan da mãkirci: "Mutuwa na Ivan Grozny", "The roko na Kuzma Minin" ( "Minin a kan Square na Nizhny Novgorod, kira ga mutane da su ba da gudummawa "," Kisan FYodor Appava a cikin 1605, "Ivan Susanin".
Ya shiga cikin 'yan fim din' yan fim, amma masu sukar sunyi la'akari da aikinsa a matsayin cin amana ne na ra'ayoyin dimokiradiyya. Canjin zane mai zane, mai launi, amma a lokaci guda sun gaperficiality. Kuma ya juya ya zama mai mahimmanci, ta hanyar yin wadatar ayyukan irin wannan mai riƙe da rikodin a matsayin Marist Ivan Aivovsky. Duk da haka sunan Makovsky na farko ya fara fitowar lokacin da aka sauƙaƙa hoto "Yara suna gudana daga tsawa" wanda ya kirkira shi a cikin 1872.
Mutuwa
Mawaki wanda ya halicci daruruwan abin sha da suka rayu shekaru 76. Makovsky ya mallaki aiki, ƙauna don rayuwa da kuma makamashi mai kauri, da kuma dalilin mutuwarsa ne hatsarin zirga-zirga.Satumba 17 (30), ya kori titunan maniyyi a cikin karusar sa, lokacin da doki ya firgita da rarar mai da zai iya zuwa tram tram. Konstantin Egorovich ya tashi zuwa gada, sakamakon wanda raunin da bai dace da rayuwa ba. An binne mai zanen a makabarta Nikolsky na Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Zana wuri
- 1860 - "waraka da makafi"
- 1862 - "Agements na Dmitry Sampovets Kashe Fedor Ajufunova"
- 1863 - "hoto na jadawalin Nikolai Nikolayevich Murawvyov-amur, Gwamna-Janar na Gabas SiberIa"
- 1872 - "Yara suna gudu daga tsawa"
- 1877 - "Shahadar Bulgaria"
- 1879 - "Hoton da ke dauke da masu gadi Gussarian Registanice, Grain Grabrinsky"
- 1883 - "Boyssky bikin aure biki"
- 1888 - "Mutuwar Ivan Grozny"
- 1889 - "Gundumar Amarya ta Rasha"
- 1890 - "Shugaban (Hoto Yu. P. Makovskaya)"
- 1896 - "Minin a kan murabba'in nozhgorod, kira ga mutane zuwa gudummawa"