Tari
Marina Svalova, matukin jirgin sama na farko a cikin USSR, yana daya daruruwan dubban mata waɗanda tarihin suka gano babban yakin shuru. Ta shugabanci mummunan juriya zuwa Reichan Reich - godiya ga sanin Yusufu Stalin, na yi izni na samar da kayan jirgin sama. Don ƙarfin zuciya mara iyaka da ƙarfin hali, da daren mai kiar da aka ba shi taken Tarayyar Soviet, kuma sunanta Makaitar ta Soviet, kuma sunanta Maca ta har abada cikin tarihi.Yaro da matasa
Marina malova (Rublova - sunan mahaifi) an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1912 a Moscow, babban birnin USSR. Shugaban iyali Mikhail Dmitrieviench ya sami rayukan kirkira - an yi shi a wasan Opera kuma ya koyar da wasu don raira waƙa. Ofaya daga cikin Wards shi ne kawai 'yata, wanda daga yanayin da ke da muryar mai daɗi.
Wa ya san yadda za a biography na Marina zai fara idan Mikhail Malinin kawo ra'ayin da ƙarshen kuma zai yi wasar kwaikwayo ta waka singer daga gare ta. Amma mutanen ba su cikin Oktoba 1919: an harbe shi da babur har zuwa mutuwa.
Kula da yara, Marina Malinina da ɗan'uwan dattijo (1908) ya kwanta a kafada na mahaifiyar - malami Anna lildonovna (a cikin meridesty na Lyubatovich). Albashin da kawai isa ya tabbatar da rayuwa mai dadi, saboda haka samari dole ne su yi aiki da wuri.
Daga 17 yalwa Marina tayi aiki a cikin tsire-tsire na Butyryky. Anan ta hadu da injiniyan injin din Sergey Raskovov kuma, neman in sauƙaƙe bangaskiyar danginsa, tayi aure.
Rayuwar sirri
Sergey Ivanovich Rudov ya zama mijin Martinina a watan Afrilun 1929. Sun gano rayuwar sirri kuma sun zama iyayen yarinyar Tatiana. Yaro na hadin gwiwa bai hana mace ta yanke shawara ba - a cikin watan Oktoba 1935 ta nemi kashe aure.
'Yan dangantakar abokantaka da sauri kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Babu tambayoyi game da wanda zai koyar da 'yarsa, saboda a wannan lokacin Marina Skalov ta sadaukar da Skalov gaba ɗaya aka keɓe ga jirgin sama. Koyaya, ta ci gaba da ziyartar Tariana. A cikin tushe bude akwai hotonsu na haɗin gwiwa kwanan nan 1938.
Bayan haka, 'yar hutu ta zama sananne ga sunan mahaifin kamar Tatyana Golenko.
Sabis na Red Soja
A shekara ta 1932, bayan izinin haihuwa, Marina ta samu wani Lab a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na iska na Airwararren Makarantar Air Sadarwa. N. E. Zhukovsky. A nan ne ta sadu da babban sha'awar sa - jirgin sama. Rushewar Ruhun "daga girman" baƙin ƙarfe tsuntsaye ", tana so ya mika su da sauri watsi da sararin sama mara iyaka.Marina, yana haifar da cinye sararin sama, shiga cikin horon rubutu a cikin Cibiyar Arewars ta Jirgin Sama na Injiniyoyin. Kuma a cikin 1934 ya zama mai dubawa, kuma a cikin 1935 a ƙarin darussan - Hakanan matukin jirgi.
A 1930s a cikin USSR aka san shi ta hanyar blooming na jirgin sama. Sannan abin da nasarorin Valery Chokalov, Alexander Anisimov, Mikhail Gromova. Marina Svalova, Valentina Grisodubova da Polina Osipenko ya zama kamanninsu na mace. Su ne waɗanda a 1938 a jirgin sama tururuwa 37 "Moband" ya shigar da rikodin duniya don kewayon jirgin. Wurin "Dame" a cikin sa'o'i 26 ya wuce kilomita 6,450 tsakanin Moscow da gabas na nesa ba tare da canja wurin da matutin mai ba.
Ga ƙarfin hali da jaruntaka, wanda aka nuna a cikin jirgin, an ba da taken "uwa" taken taken gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet. Valentina Grissodoubov a matsayin kwamandan An-37. Harafin ya zama na biyu a tarihin USSR, wata mata da aka ba ta kyautar lambar "Golden Star". A kan motsi na mashahuri, ta sake tarihin tarihin "Learning navigmon" (1939).
Don sabis a cikin Red Army, Marina sun zo a cikin wannan 1938. A lokaci guda, ta kasance wakili NKVD. Da farko farkon babban yakin shayar da shi, babban labarin ya kai shi.
Lokacin da Hitlerian Jamus, ba tare da AD ta yaƙi ba, ya kai wa USSR, duk tsaron mahaifin mahaifinsa ya miƙe. Marina Svalova dauki amfani da sirri sadarwa tashoshi da Joseph Stalin tsara mata Yak-1 airlows, inda fadar White Lilia Stalingrad bauta - Lydia Litvak, PE-2 da kuma PO-2. Wani ɓangaren fama na ƙarshe da ake kira "mayu mayu", daga nan da kuma sunan lambar matukin jirgi.
Wani lokaci bayan fara babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa, Svalois ya shiga batun batun gaba. Misali, armament na Pe-2, wanda ita kanta take. A lokacin samuwar dan wasan sama mai lamba 34 rubuta su-2. Tattaunawar da aka gabatar tare da kwamishinan mutane na masana'antar jirgin sama, Alexei Shahurin, ya sa ya yiwu a maye gurbinsu da biyar sabuwar pali 20.
Bai kasance mai sauƙi ga mayar da injina ba, amma ga sabon 1943, filayen iska na PE-2 ya shirya don tashi zuwa Staldrad.
A cikin jirgin a ƙarshen Disamba 1942, "Murmushin dare" a fuskar Rubin da Lomananova bai shiga ba. Jiragensu sun kasance kuskure. Marina bai yi watsi da 'yan matansa cikin wahala ba - ya kwashe babban kungiyar zuwa Staldrad kuma ya koma Moscow. Ya kasance Janairu 4, 1943.
Mutuwa
Saboda iska mai ƙarfi da kuma purgi, sauran jirgin sama na jirgin sama na Pe-2 an cika shi cikin sama kawai ga cin abincin dare a Janairu 4 ga Janairu, 1943, kodayake an shirya jigilar kaya a watan Janairu. Tare da hanya, jirgin ya hau cikin matsanancin girgije. Rashin tsoro marina svalilova ya ba da damar don yin hanyar sa gaba da kuma farko rarrabe cikin fararen fata.
Gyubin da Lomamus tare da Croms amintattu sun sauka a kan matasan mai, amma ba a ga kwamandan na Airlock pe-2 ba.
A ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1943, mai bashin da ya shafa na Rubalov ya samu ba da nisa daga ƙauyen Mikhailovka na yankin Satatov. Tare da ita, Kirill Hil, Radist Nikolai Orifeev da Injiniyan Vladimir Kruglv. Yanzu akwai abin tunawa a cikin rukunin ma'aikane.
A daren wani alama ce ta mace ta hanyar jirgin sama a cikin USSR, don haka babban mai gabatar da kara na mai gabatar da kara na Red Army ya nemi binciken dalilan da ta samu. Hukumar Kwararre ta gano cewa Harin Marina Rubalo ya kasance awanni 60 kawai - sa'o'i 30 a makarantar jirgin sama da kuma a cikin tsarin pe-2. A takaice dai, ba ta da isasshen ƙwarewar matakin farko don gasa da yanayin.
Dangane da umarnin Sojan Sama, tare da low ganawa, jirgin ya juya ya koma gindi, idan isasshen mai. Idan ba - je zuwa "ciki" kafin inganta yanayin yanayi ba. Marina Rushed a gaba, ya yi Allah wadai da aikinsa. Rubin da Lomananova ko Lucky, ko sun juya su zama mafi matansu.
Duk da abin da aka saƙa, mai mahimmanci, an binne ta da duk girmamawa. Dust ya kasance a cikin necropolis a cikin Kremlin bango akan murabba'in ja a Moscow.
Tunani
- Satatsov makaranta A'a. 93 mai suna bayan MM Oblova
- Alamar Marina Rublova a Engels, Oblovo
- Memorial plank a cikin ƙauyen Oblovovo
- Tituna, Alleys da Marina Raskoy Square a yawancin biranen USSR
- Ƙauyen Raskovo a yankin Saratov na yankin Satatov da a cikin yanki na Sushansky gundumar Magadan
- Tambov Babban Makarantar Sojojin Sama ta Shugaba mai suna Marina Raskoy
- 125th Guin Guar da Borisov Umarni SURvormov da Kutatuzov Picking da Bomber Jirgin Sama
- Marina svalova "
- Jirgin Sama don horar da Invitator Navitator da jirgin ruwan Bombrag na gaba "Marina Svilova" Inketo
Lambobin yabo
- Badge "Babban jami'in NKVD"
- Lambar Star "Golden Star"
- Umarni biyu na Lenin
- Oda na yakin mai kishin ƙasa na digiri na 1