Tari
Antoine Laurent Lavoisist ne na Faransa masanin Faransa, dan Adam, wanda ya kirkiro da sunayen sunadarai na zamani. An san shi da gudummawarta game da ilmin halitta da ilimin kiyaya na kiyayewa, haɓakar gwajin iskar oxygen ga halayen. Mai binciken ya inganta hanyoyin bincike da kuma kirkiro tsarin kalmar kimiyya wanda har yanzu ake amfani da ita. Tunanin tarihin nasa da aiki kuma a yau suna da sha'awar mabiya.Yaro da matasa
Anttoine lavoisier an haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1743 a cikin Paris, Faransa. Mahaifin Jean-Antouzier ya rike lauya a majalisar dokokin Paris. Mahaifiyar Emily, attajirin mai mallakar gidan yanka, ya mutu da wuri, bayan ya gargaɗi hanyarsa ga ɗan.
Daga 11 zuwa 18, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Mazarin a Jami'ar Paris. An koya wa wannan abubuwan ilimi na musamman, kuma a cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata - kimiyyar halitta. Yaron daga samari yana sha'awar yanayi, sau da yawa ana amfani da baromen marasa amfani da abubuwan tunawa da na meteory. Amma a karshen kwalejin, Uba ya tabbata cewa binciken ya kasance sha'awa ne, kuma tsawon rai kuna buƙatar samun mahimmancin sana'a.
Saurayin ya shiga cikin ikon doka da kuma bayan shekaru 2 riga suna da digiri na bachelor. Bayan shekara guda, ya karbi hakkin bude cadig, amma ya zabi aiki a majalisar dokokin.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1771, Ango ya auri Marie-Ann Pubtett fa'idodi, ɗan shekara 13 na yarinyar da Jumques. An san cewa rayuwar ma'auratan da ma'auratan sun shirya wani ubanyar yarinyar, bayar da aure don guje wa kungiyar yarinya tare da tsofaffin lardin da aka lissafa D'Amameval.An yi sa'a, matan sun zama daidai sosai. A matsayin kyautar bikin aure, sun sami dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya a saman bene a gida a cikin Paris. Suna son wasannin kwamiti da tattaunawa a sararin samaniya, sunadarai da kuma almara. Mijin ya koya wa matarsa ga aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma ta yi nazarin zanen don ba da misalin aikin sa. A tsawon lokaci, matar ta zama mataimaki, aboki da abokin tarayya don mai binciken.
Ta fassara littafin don matar, sai ya rike da rubutu tare da masu ilimin kimiyyar sunadarai na Ingilishi sun yi amfani da kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kansu da kimiyya. Marie-Ann ya gudanar da karamin Salon Simis, inda masu bincike zasu iya yin gwaje-gwajen kuma tattauna ra'ayoyin. Ta kuma yi daidai da yawancin 'yan kwararrun Faransa da yawa waɗanda suke, da murna, ya amsa game da tunanin ta.
Babu 'ya'ya a cikin iyali, da dangi da yawa sun zama magada.
Aikin kimiyya
Karbar ilimi na shari'a, Antoine bai manta da sha'awar sa a kimiyance ba. Baya ga laccoci, ya ziyarci azuzuwan na zaɓi.
Bayan kammala karatu daga koyo a cikin 1764, saurayin ya ci gaba da zama bincike, sakamakon wanda ya kasance littafin a cikin sunadarai da gayyatar aiki tare da ɗan adam a cikin al'ummar mata a cikin Alsace Lorraine. A cikin mai bincike na 1768 na 1768 na da ya karɓi shirin shiga makarantar kimiyya ta Faransa.
Yin aiki akan Taswirar Geological Geological, wanda ya ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen, sakewa akan tushen abubuwan sunadarai. Yankin sha'awar antoine wani kwatancen mashaya, gwaje-gwajen da wutar lantarki da kuma nazarin konewa na kayan.
Masanin ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin sana'a - ya zama mai karuyawa a cikin kamfani mai zaman kansa. A wannan fannin, ya kirkiro wani sabon tsarin matakan da ke nufin daidaitawa ga sikelin don Faransa. Amma, hakika, Fairan masanin ilimin sun ba da sanin doka, amma bincike da yawa a cikin sunadarai.
A cikin 1775, Lavoisier ya yi aiki a sashen abubuwan fashewa, inda karatun da ya haifar da inganta foda da kirkirar sabon hanyar samar da Selitra.
A cikin 1778, matan sun sayi adadi da yawa inda aka dauke maltoine ta hanyar kwarewar agronomic. Ya ziyarci filayensa sau 3 a shekara, tare da matar aure kuma ba su yi nadamar sabbin abubuwa ba. A cikin estates, mahalilin dattsiyanci yayi kokarin amfani da aikin Dumel Du Moncil a aikace kuma ya sami damar cimma wadata da ƙasa.
Mafi mahimmancin nasarorin cutar da ke damun yanayin karewa da ƙonewa. Sun nuna cewa oxygen yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a duka matakai, yana jinkirta a cikin numfashin dabbobi da tsirrai, kuma suna aiki a cikin metals. Masanin kimiyya na daya daga cikin masu binciken uku ne a yanayin, a gare shi, Karl Shelele da Yusufu an lura da Yusufu a wannan yankin.
Lavoisier Tsallake babban postgens na konewa na oxygen na konewa, ya gabatar da "nitrogen" kansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na iska kuma gano waɗanne abubuwa ne ke da alhakin abun da ke cikin ruwa. Gwajinsa tare da phosphorus da sulfur suna ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen farko da za a iya bayyana shi azaman sahihan bincike. Sun yi aiki a matsayin tushen tsarin dokokin da ke adana taro.
Mai binciken ba shine farkon wanda zai yi karatu a wannan yankin ba. Domin shekaru 41 a gabansa, Mikhail Lomonovov ya zo daidai ƙarshe, amma masanin kimiyyar Rasha ya sanya su hanya da ka'idoji. A yau, ra'ayin da aka kirkiro da cewa ana kiran Dokar Chemist da biyu da aka kira dokar Lomonosov - lavoisier.
Tare da haɗin gwiwar kimiyyar Faransa ya kamu da antoine aretolle ettoine ya kirkiri wani mamayar da aka mallake (Méthode de Nomenclature Chipique, 1787). Ana amfani da ƙararrawa galibi ana amfani da su har zuwa yanzu, gami da kalmomi kamar sulfuric acid ko sulfates.
A cikin 1786, Chemist ya gabatar da ka'idar kalori, wanda ya kai ga ra'ayoyi biyu - jimlar zafi na sararin samaniya abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma yanayinsa. Tare da takwarawa Pierre Simon de lands, ya tabbatar da cewa lokacin da abinci ke oxidized, zafi ya rarrabe shi, wanda zai iya samarwa ta hanyar mai carorimeter. Wadannan binciken har wa yau ana ganin tushen abinci mai gina jiki.
Don inganta ra'ayoyin ku, a cikin 1789 masanin kimiyya ya buga tafin élépartair de chimie room littafin ("Farkon Rubuta Littattafan guda 23), inda ya sanya jerin abubuwa 23 mai sauƙi. Bugu da kari, mai binciken ya shirya Annales de Chimie Magazine wanda aka kirkira tare da abokan aikinsa ("Annals Chemistry", wanda aka buga a kan binciken a cikin sabon Chemistry.
Mutuwa
Dalilin mutuwar dan Adam shine ra'ayoyin sa siyasa. Lavoisisier ya yi imani da bukatar sake fasalin zamantakewa. Ya kasance wani bangare na magana da haraji da sababbin dabarun tattalin arziki. A lokacin juyin juya halin Faransanci, masanin ya buga rahoto game da yanayin kudi na kasar.
Jim kaɗan bayan wannan, 'yan juyin juya halin Musulunci sun kira shi mai cin nasara don tattara haraji. A cewar tuhumar da ta ƙirƙira, an tuhumi Christ da wulakancin kudi daga baitulmalin Faransa da kuma canja wurin su a kasashen waje.
Don ra'ayoyin siyasa da tattalin arziki na mai binciken da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. A kotu, ya nemi izini ga farko cikakken binciken kimiyya, amma ya samu ƙi. Antoine lavoisier Guellotined a Paris a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1794. Saboda wannan dalili, Uba matar sa da mutane 26 aka zartar da mutane.
A karshen 1795, Gwamnatin Faransa ta amince da bata da kimiyya. "An binne mahaifinsa na zamani ana binne shi a cikin makabarta a kerse.