Tari
Matafiya na Rasha da na EthNogragpher Nikolai Miklukho Miklukho-Maclay ya tsunduma cikin kasuwancinsa na 19, lokacin tafiya a ƙasa da ruwa ya kasance abin da ake tsammani. Haka ne, da yankuna don bincike, masanin masanin ya jefa ba mafi m - mazauna garin Australia, Oceania da sabon Guinea, da kuma bincikensa bai gaji da kwatancen alfarmarsa ba. Miklukho-maclukho-maclukho ya tambaye da batutuwa da ɗabi'a da kuma kokarin kare haƙƙin mallakar asalin asalinsu.Yaro da matasa
An haifi matafiyin ne a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1846 a lardin Novgorod, amma bayan wata daya iyali Nikolai Ilyic ya samu wata wa'adi ya karbi wata wa'adi da aka samu ga sashen jirgin kasa. Saboda aikin shugaban iyali, Miklukhi har yanzu ya ci gaba da komawa, matar sa Ekaterina Semerovna Beecker, a halin yanzu, ya haifi yara. KoLya yana da 'yan'uwa maza uku da mata.
Iyayen masanin ilimin kimiyyar mallakar nawabo ne, kuma yana da wuya a yi magana game da kasa: Suna da tushen Rashanci, Jamusanci da Puminh. Duk da cewa mahaifin ya yi aiki tuƙuru kuma da wuya an lalata cutar cututtukan lafiya a cikin sabis, yanayin yanayin da yake da wahala. Matsalar ta tsananta bayan mutuwar Nikolai Ilyich a 1857, lokacin da gwauruwa da magada da magada da tanadi. Mama tayi kokarin samun kudi tare da zane, da wasu ƙananan tanadi wanda aka saka cikin hannun jari.
Farkon ilimin yara ya shiga cikin iyari da Governess, godiya ga wanda Miklekhi ya cinye ta Jamus da Faransanci. A sakamakon haka, kawai akan waɗannan batutuwa a cikin motsa jiki Nikolai yana da ƙimar kimiya, ga duk sauran duka ya sami sau uku a mafi kyau. Azuzuwan da aka rasa har ma ya kasance har sau biyu a shekara ta biyu, dalilin da akwai matsaloli tare da lafiyar da saurayi na sauro. Misali, zanga-zangar gwamnati don halarci wanda aka tsare shi yayin da aka tsare shi yayin da ya kasance yana tsare shi da shekaru 15.
Nikolai bai gama ɗakin motsa jiki ba kuma ya yanke shawara a Jami'ar St. Petersburg, inda ba a jinkirta ba saboda halartar dalibi. A sakamakon haka, Miklukha ya tafi zuwa Jamus, inda ya yi karatu a Falsafar Jami'ar Jami'ar Heipberg, sannan a Leipzig da Jami'o'in Jami'ar, da ke Leipzig da Aikin Noma.
Kudi ya kasance da kyau isa ga biyan gidaje da bincike, duk da haka, saurayin ya kware da so da haƙuri, godiya ga wanda hankalin masana kimiyya na Geckel aka lura. Je zuwa ƙaura zuwa tsibirin Callary, ya gayyaci ɗalibin ƙiyayya tare da shi. Wannan shi ne tafiyar bincike ta Miklukhi, inda ya taimaka wa shugaban a cikin binciken Fauna na Atlantic da kuma a kan ko da yake ba da gudummawa ga ilmin halitta, bude wani sabon nau'in soso na farar fata.
Rayuwar sirri
Nikolay koyaushe yana da sha'awar a gaban jima'i da ƙauna na ƙauna, yayin da dalibi ne a Jamus. Koyaya, canje-canje masu girma a rayuwar sirri an bayyana su a Australia, inda ya hadu da 'yar gwamnan New South Wales Margaret Roberson Clark Wark. Iyayen amarya ba su yi farin ciki da zabi na 'yarta ba: An rarrabe ango da lafiya, da kuma an yi niyyar kawar da yarinyar a cikin Russia a nesa Russia.
Koyaya, duk da gaskiyar cewa yayin sake yin aure, Margaret sun rasa babban haya, wanda ya karba a kan nufin Rasha, kuma a bikin aure ya faru a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1884.
Bambancin addini ma bai zama cikas ga kammalawar kungiyar ba, wanda aka haifi 'ya'ya maza, Alexander da Vladimir. Ostiraliya reshe na zuriyar Ethenograher, da maiyan kakanta da girman wayewar Sydney, Melbourne da Canberre.
Lokacin da aikin binciken Nikolai Nikolayevich a cikin sabuwar Kudancin Wales, ya kwashe dangin zuwa Rasha, da cutar ta tura lafiyarsa cewa ba da gangan ga cewa ba da gangan ba ta zama bazawara. Margaret Miklukho-maclay bai so ya zauna a cikin wani baƙon da baƙon da a karshen 1888 ya koma ga Ostiraliya, wanda aka fahimci tare da kayan tarihin da gādo na mijinta. Emperor Alexander III ya biya mace kishiyar tafiya da ya aminta da fenselong fensho mai ƙarfi.
Kimiyya da balaguro
Tafiya ta farko da ke daukaka Miklukho-Maclukho-MacKhay ya fara ne a cikin 1870, lokacin da ya isa jirgin ruwan vicea da wasika zuwa New Guinea. Bayan ya rayu a tsibirin fiye da shekara guda, mai iyo nazarin rayuwar yau da kullun, kyawawan dabi'u da al'adun Papuans, waɗanda suka sami nasarar cin mutuncinsu da ƙarfin zuciya.Bai kasance tare da cikakken bayanin Melaneaneans ba, amma ya kuma yi matsalar 'yan Adam, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa mazaunan canjin tsibirin, ba wai mallakin tsibirin' yan adam ba ne a kan hanyar zuwa Homo sapiens. Ma'aikacin bawa ya zama kimiyyar kimiyya da yarda.
Binciken ɗan adam da ethnographic Nikolai Nikolaayevic ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Philippines, a cikin ƙasashe na Oceania da Indonesia, amma akai-akai sun koma wani sabon Guinea. A Australia, masanin masanin ilimin yana tsunduma cikin ginin tashar Zoological, wanda ke yin karatun duniyar dabba ta Mainland. A sakamakon haka, a cikin ƙasashe masu nisa, matafiyi na Rasha ya ɓata lokaci fiye da na ƙasarsa.
Mutuwa
Ga ɗan gajeren rai, Miklukho-maclary ba mutum mai tsanani ba, gami da maimaita rashin lafiya na huhu, pleurisy, fheumatism da zazzabin cizon sauro. Rikicin na ƙarshe ya bi shi da samari har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin. Da 40, Nikolai Nikoalavich na raunana, an rasa da gogewa na dindindin. Ya yi kokarin aiki, duk da haka, a farkon 1888 ya kasa yin ba tare da morphine ba.
Mutuwar matafiyi ta kasance ta azaba: mashahuri da ciwon huhu an kara zuwa rashin bacci zuwa rashin bacci, Edema, amai da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikicen tsarin musculoskeletal. Afrilu 2, masanin kimiyya bai yi ba. Dalilin mutuwa ya kafa ne kawai a cikin karni na 20: Lokacin da aka tura gidan kayan tarihin Anthropology da kuma iyo a 1938, ya gudanar da gwaji da ke cikin jaws a cikin jaws.
Aka binne shi a kan ra'ayin murhun Volkovsky na St. Petersburg. Ya kasance cikin tarihi a matsayin ɗan adam na bayanin martaba, wanda a lokaci guda ya ba da gudummawa ga labarin ƙasa, ilmin halitta, ochose da sauran mahimman bangarorin kimiyya. Hoton mai binciken ya yi ado da ganuwar ofisoshin makaranta, da kuma tarihin rayuwar rayuwarsa da fina-finai.
Tunani
- Miklukho-maclay Da kanka, bisa ga dama na mai binciken farko, ya kira sunansa zuwa ga arewa maso gabashin Evreast na New Guinea
- Kogin Makley a cikin Ashtrabia Bay
- Sunan Miklukho-Maclukho mai suna na Wedkon Kudu daga gabar Antarctica (Wilx Land)
- Assteroid 3196 Maklaj (Maklaj)
- Alama na masanin masanin masanin kimiyya a cikin Okulovka (yankin Novgorod), Malina, Seviastopol, Jakarta
- Miklukho-maclay tituna suna cikin Moscow da Madanga Sabuwar Guinea)
- Al'adar da aka kafa ta Cape Garagasi a cikin 2017 bisa hukuma karbi sunan Miklukho-maclay
- Jirgin Miklukho-MKLAI
- Filin fim ɗin "Mikluke-MKLAI". Darakta A. E.
- Fasalin fim ɗin "gabar rayuwarsa". Darakta Yu. M. Solomin
- Zane mai ban dariya "mutum daga wata"
- Kiɗa "Equator"