Tari
Nikolai Virta marubutan ne soviet, marubucin da ya rubuta a cikin ainihin yanayin gurguzu. An maimaita ayyukan marubucin, ana daidaita karbuwa a kansu, an sanya wasannin ne akan wasan kwaikwayon na gida.Yaro da matasa
Nikolai Evenevicch Wirth (Karelian) an haife shi 3 (16) Disamba 1905 a ƙauyen Calikino. Mahaifinsa firist ne, mahaifiyar Elizabeth ta haifi 'ya'ya uku - Zina, Luda da Sophia. Har zuwa shekaru 5, kohl tare da dangi tare da haihuwa sau da yawa sun sauya wurin zama kafin an yi musu barazana a garin manyan Lozovka.
Anan ne mahaifin Eugene, kasancewa mutum mai ilimi, ya buɗe makarantar firamare a coci, wanda yara masu tazara zasu iya ziyartar shekaru 4. Har zuwa shekara goma sha biyu ta tafi wurinta da ƙaramin ɗan saurayinsa. Bayan iyayen sun aika da Kohl don yin karatu a cikin Tambov, a cikin dakin motsa jiki. A nan yaron ya yi farin cikin shiga cikin mai son mai neman kuma ya rubuta al'amuran da aka rubuta wa kungiyar POP.
A cikin 1921, an harbe saurayin, yana zargin cikin wayar da kai ga wayar da anothans. Rashin labarin mahaifiyar masana tarihi ba a sani ba, amma yaran sun kasance marayu, kuma dan uwan dole ne ya kula da 'yan mata, yana aiki a matsayin makiyayi a cikin ƙauyuka, mai kawar da rashin lafiya a cikin sojojin.
Sai kawai a cikin saurayi na 1923th ya sami damar komawa karatu, sannan kuma samun aiki a cikin jaridar Tambov Pravda don gina sana'a. Asalin zamantakewarsa bai ba da damar da za ku sami ƙarin ilimi ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Nikolai Bishara Ezenivich ya yi aure sau uku, amma matanin farko Irina Ivanarovna ya gabatar da shi da yara - Dan Canjin Cyril da Dia Tatiana. Yarinyar daga baya ta zama dan jaridar kuma mai fassara daga Serbian da Croatsky, ya rubuta littattafan da yawa autubiogogical wanda zaku iya nemo hotunan shahararrun mutane.A shekara ta 1948, canje-canje ya faru a rayuwar marubucin na marubuci: ya auri Matar Jaridar "Crocickle", wanda ya kwafa babban shirye-shiryen soyayya da Orlova. Rayuwa tare da sabuwar mata, Nikolai har zuwa hidimar natasha Lagini, sannan ta fito da wani yaro daga Sasha.
Game da matar ta uku na masu binciken Tatiana ba su san komai ba.
Halitta
Nikolai ya rubuta labaransa na farko game da yanayin rashin dadi a karkashin batun rubuce-rubucen da ake yi na aikace-aikacen da ya yi aiki tun daga shekarar 1923. A cikin shekaru 7 masu zuwa, ya sami nasarar gwada hannunsa a matsayin wakili da wakili, Sakataren da ke daukin yanki na yanki da yanki, ma'aikaci na rediyo.
Idan ba tare da barin aikin ɗan jaridar ba, Watan ya fara yi a kan wurin wasan kwaikwayo na sashen matasa na ma'aikata (tram), inda ya wuce aiki a gaban darekta da Darakta. Anan shi ne farkon wasa.
A cikin 1930, wani mutum, tare da danginsa, ya koma babban birnin, inda ya ci gaba da yin rubutu da "," Maraice "," wutan lantarki ". A shekara ta 1935, ɗayan mujallu ya buga littafin sa "kaɗaici", wanda ya ba da labarin tashin hankali na Antonovsky.
Bayan shekaru biyu, marubucin ya sake aiki a cikin bala'in "duniya", kuma an saka ta a mataki na MKhat, sannan cire fim. Hakanan, a kan tushenta, Tikhon Khrenikov ya rubuta ta Opera "a cikin hadari".
Mawaƙa na gaba "tsari" bai haifar da babbar hanyar nuna mahimmancin masu sukar ba, amma ga littafin farko na marubucin ya ba da umarnin Lenin (1939) kuma ya sanya lambar yabo ta Stalinst (1941).
Dangane da tarihin hukuma na marubucin, a lokacin yakin Sovieth, ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin sojoji kuma suna aiki tare da SovinformBuborro. Amma da zaran sojojin Jamus na matso kusa da Moscow, Ayuba, tare da sauran lambobin litattafai, sun tafi kimanta zuwa Tashkent. Sabbin abubuwan da ya fara bayyana a cikin jaridu na Pavda Moscut, Red Star da Izvestia a farkon 1942.
Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan kammala yakin mai kishin kasa, Nikolai Virta zai karbi kyaututtukan Stalin don wasan kwaikwayon "Gurasarmu mara kyau" da "kulawar da aka wanzuwa", da kuma rubutun mu na fim "Stalingrad Battle" (1950). A cikin 50s da 60s, za a sami fina-finai da yawa a kan littattafan, da kuma sabon "sautin ringing" za a buga, wanda ya bayyana tarihin jarumin tsoffin littattafan sa.
Farkon samfurin marubucin bayan mutuwar shi ne labarin "tsaunukan tsaunin m", wanda ke bayyana hadaddun rayuwa mai rustic a kan ƙauyen Staliby a ƙauyen. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, littafi mai tsarki na mutu da yawa da yawa litattafai da labarai guda biyu: "Mayar da ƙasa", "Kwanaki" (1962), "Kwanaki" (1962) da " Fatalwa ya bar tsaunin dutse "(1965).
Mutuwa
Nikolai Bivenivich ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1976 a Transmek, inda yake zaune a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kabarin yana kan hurumi na gida.Littafi daya
- 1935 - "kadaici"
- 1937 - "Tsarin"
- 1938 - "Cirewa"
- 1944 - "Sojojin Stalingrad"
- 1951 - "Inarara maraice"
- 1956 - "Swides mai sanyi"
- 1960 - "Steppe Ee steppe kewaye ..."
- 1960 - "A koma"
- 1964 - "Kwanaki"
- 1962 - "bala'i"
- 1965 - "fatalwa ya bar kore tsaunin"