Tari
Elena Bonneure an dauki daya daga cikin shahararrun kare hakkin dan adam da kuma satar da karni na 20. A kan gomar matar da ta zarce babban yakin kwayar cutar ta CPU, ya rinjayi abubuwan da suka faru game da mijin Prague - AccalMian Andrei Sakharov. Marigayi na tarihin rayuwar da aka kammala wa ayyukan jama'a, wanda ya kammala a cikin zargi na soja na soja da ke barke a yankin Tarurrukan Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma goyon bayan Rasha na Rasha da kasashen waje da ke da lugurrukan mutane.Yaro da matasa
Tarihin rayuwar Elena Gorgivna Bonneere ya fara ne a cikin 1923 a Soviet Turkean. Da haihuwa, ana kiran yarinyar Lusik Levonna kocharian.
Mahaifiya, Ruth Grigorievna Bonneere, wakilin dan asalin Yahudanci, ya kasance memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. A ƙarshen 1937, an kama wata mace da yanke wa wani mace da aka yanke wa shekaru takwas na aikin gyara a karkashin labarin 58-1 na lambar laifi. Game da mahaifin halitta, Armenian Sarkiovich Kocharian (KOCOCHAH), ba a sani ba kusan babu komai.
Stefim, Gevork Sarkisan Alikhanan, a farkon 1920s ya jagoranci sakatariyar kwamitin tsakiya na CP (b) na Jamhuriyar Kwamitin Lengerad da Moscow. A ƙarshen 1930s, babban ma'aikacin polymat ya karu da harbi. Elena ya kasance ba da iyayen biyu ba da laifin NKVD ma'aikatan.
Tare da ƙaramin ɗan'uwan, yarinyar maraba da marar kwalaye ta koma babban birnin ƙasar Amurka ta USSR zuwa ga kakarta. Dabbobi, wanda ya shirya matakin, ya kula da cewa 'yan' sun fada cikin cibiyoyin koyarwa na ilimi ga zuriyar 'yan majalisar, kadan ya banbanta daga kurkuku.
Bonnee ya tafi makarantar da aka saba kuma ta ziyarci azuzuwan zaɓi a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Duk da matsalar "mummunan" mederity, an ɗauke ta zuwa Komsomol. A cikin makarantar sakandare, bayan ƙi ƙi ga rabuwa da mahaifiyar da 'yan uban, an cire ɗan kungiyar Turkesan daga kungiyar matasa. Yarinyar ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsabta a cikin gidaje da aikin aiki, don kada su yi fama da matsananciyar yunwa.
Bayan sun karɓi takardar sheda na balaga, Eeniya ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin sawun 'yan inna, Bibliogram da na gida Anna Gdalievna Bonnere, kuma shiga cikin Cibiyar Dilological Cibiyar Pedagogical. A. I. Herzen. A cikin layi daya, an horar da ita a sashen Medicine kuma an samu sana'a har tsawon shekaru na babban yakin mai kishin kasa.
Shekaru
A shekara ta 1941, Bonneure a matsayin sabis na soja da ake kira a cikin sahihiyar sojojin ja. Wani dalibi dan shekaru 18 ya taimaka wajen Likitocin Sanitary "Flying" - Rikicin Railway, jigilar wadanda suka ji rauni daga Leningdrad zuwa yankin Vologda. A lokacin jirgin saman jirgin sama ya samu rauni mai rauni kuma ya kwashe watanni da yawa a asibitoci.Gudun a ƙafafunsa, yarinyar ta koma zuwa yankin yakin a cikin rawar da babban jirgin kasa na musamman. Heroine ya karbi kashin kanta na Lieɓawa, adana sojoji da jami'an. Ranar nasara da ma'aikacin lafiya da aka yi bikin da aka yi bikin ba ta da cikakkiyar ilimi a cikin garin Ausbruck.
Koyarwa zuwa yankin na USSR, 'yar'uwar jinin da aka santa ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar likitancin taper, wanda ke kiyaye jagorar Karelian-Finnish. A karshen bazara na 1945, 'yar Armenian da yahudawa sun lalace kuma an san su kamar nakasassu. A ƙarshen 1980s, gwamnati, gwamnati ta ba ta ta hanyar odar kitawa ta II na II na II.
Ayyukan Kulawa da Ayyukan Humaka
Rikicin da na Hitler a cikin matasan nasa ya yi Elena ta ki amincewa da marubucin kuma ya zabi batun likita a matsayin sana'a. A cikin 1953, ta sauke karatu daga kwastomomi na Leningrad na 1 kuma ta zama mai karanci, dan wasa, sannan shugaban makarantar musamman da kuma mai jagoranci na matasa.
Abincin da ba shi da amfani don rubuta labaran "Neva" da "mujallu" da suka mutu a farkon yaƙi "da littattafan" vsevolod Bagribsky. Dioes, haruffa, waƙoƙi. " Bugu da kari, mai halartar babban yakin mai kishin kasa shine nassosi don watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, a gyara wallafe-wallafen gidan bugawa "magani mai ban sha'awa a cikin ƙungiyar marubutan USSR.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Bonneure ya canza sosai. Bukatar game da sake fasalin ƙimar shine abubuwan Prague bazara, wanda ya haifar da gyara da kuma kula da iko a Czechoslovakia. Bayan ya kasance dan shekaru da yawa daga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kwaminis ta, matar ta bar darajojin kuma ta zama mai halarta na yau da kullun a cikin matakai.
Yayin tafiya zuwa Kaluga, inda Boris Willy da tawaye Pimenova, Elena hadu da Andrei Dmituevich Sakharov, wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Kaluga. Tare da goyon bayan mai haɓakawa na makami, sai ta sa hannunta don canja wurin zuwa kasashen yamma na dan jaridar Eduard Kuznetsov.
A shekara ta 1974, Bonne ya taimaka wakilin wakilai ya kafa gidauniyar sadaka ga 'ya'yan fursunoni na siyasa. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya wakilci daya daga cikin shugabannin harkar 'yancin ɗan adam a gabatar da karar jama'a don inganta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Helsinki a cikin USSR.
Bayan an haɗa shi a cikin garin Gorky, ɗan kasar Turkasan ya faɗi a ƙarƙashin kula da Kwamitin Kwamitin Tsaro na Jihar. Aport ɗin ya bincika a kai a kai, an hore wa fitinar dangi da abokai. Duk da wannan, Elena Gorgilna ya riƙe kasancewar Ruhu kuma tun lokacin da ƙarshen 1980s, ya zama farkon taron tunawa da Moscow. A shekarun 1990s, ta kasance memba na kungiyar kan hakkin dan adam a karkashin shugaban kungiyar Boris Yeltsin, a cikin kariyar kungiyar Media da NTV Tablat.
Mataki na ƙarshe na rayuwa yana da alaƙa da Amurka ta Amurka. Bonnere ya zauna a Boston kusa da yaran shi. Saboda teku, Dsscesa ta yanke hukunci game da matsayin Rasha dangane da yanayin siyasa wanda a Jamhuriyar Kudu Ossetia. Ta shiga cikin rukunin 'yan ƙasa da suka nemi murabus na Shugaba Vladimir Putin da sanya hannu a karkashin takarda ta Andrei Pionkovsky, buga a shafin yanar gizon "Putin ya kamata ya tafi."
Rayuwar sirri
A farkon matasa, Elena Gorgivna ba shi da lokacin yin tunani game da rayuwar kansa. Bayan sun tsira daga babban yakin mai kishin, an hade ta da Sepeno Sepenov na Ivan Vasilyevich Setinover kuma ya haifi 'Yarinya Tatiana da Sonan Alexei, wanda ya ce matsayin' yan Amurka daga ƙarshen 1970s.Masanin kimiyyar soviet Andrei Dmitirievich Sakharov ya zama na biyu na miji na shari'a. Daga 1972th, ma'aurata sun shiga ayyukan jama'a tare, kuma bayan mutuwar matar, gwauruwa ta yi kokarin cin zarafin 'yan ta'addar kasa da kasa da asusun na Nomain.
Mutuwa
Dalilin mutuwar matarsa Andrei Sakharov shi ne cututtukan zuciya. Bonneere Life Life a Boston a cikin 2011.
Dangane da fitowar jana'izar, babu jana'izar hukuma a Amurka. Bayan bikin ban kwana, an Kremta da urn da ƙura da aka kwashe zuwa Moscow da kuma binne shi a cikin kaburburan kusa da kabilun mijinta.
Kyaututtuka da Kyauta
- 1988 - tsari na yaki na ii
- 1991 - Rufin Kwalejin Kayayyaki
- 1993 - Kyautar "'yanci"
- 2000 - Adnah Add Rant Rant
- 2009 - Kwamandan haye houth na yabo ga Jamhuriyar Poland
- Likita na haƙƙin Amurkawa da na Amurka
- Kyautar Raoul Wallenberg Internationalation na Kasa
- Yawan 'yan Trumana - Reagan