Tari
Edward Snowden - Mataimakin Fasaha na Amurka, da aka sani ga duk duniya ta hanyar buga adadin bayanan masu hankali ga masu kula da mutane don 'yan ƙasa. Tun daga 2013, sunansa ya bayyana a kan farkon lafiyan kafofin watsa labarai na kafofin watsa labarai ta kasa, anb) na haƙƙin Amurkawa da kuma hakkin biliyoyi da kuma suka bugi jama'ar duniya.
Kwanan nan, dusar ƙanƙara tana zaune a Rasha, inda aka ba shi mafaka siyasa, kamar yadda Amurka ta ba da gudummawa ga yanayin wulakanci da ba da zargin da ke barazanar tsaron kasar.
Yaro da matasa
Edward Snowden an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1983 a Elizabeth City, wanda yake a North Carolina. Iyayensa - masu kula da sabis na Lhn Coast da lauya Elizabeth Snowen - sun sake. A cikin iyali, Edward babban yaro ne, yana da wata yar'uwar Jessica, wanda ke aiki a matsayin lauya a cikin cibiyar shari'a ta gwamnati a Washington.
Yarencin da matasa sun wuce a garinsu, inda ma'aikacin CIA da kuma makarantar kimiyya ta Amurka ta sami ilimin sakandare. A cikin 1999, dangin SnowDen sun koma Maryland. A wurin Edward ya shiga koleji na An Ann Erandel, wanda aka gudanar da darussan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya wa jami'ar.
Koyaya, a matsayin yanayin kiwon lafiya, bai gama karatun ba - ya ci gaba da karatun digiri a shekara ta 2011 don karbi digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Liverpool.
A cikin 2004, Edward Snowden ya tafi ya zama sojojin da ke tattare da rakodin da ke tattare da wasu watanni bayan haka, bayan sun sami mummunan rauni a cikin kafafun biyu, an ba da izinin wani mummunan rauni a cikin kafafun biyu, wata mata da aka ba da izini. Daga wannan gaba, tarihin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga kimiyyar kwamfuta, shirye-shirye da kuma fasahar musamman wanda ya nuna ƙwarewar ƙwarewar ƙwararru.
Sabis a cikin CIA
Yunƙurin a cikin tsaran na aiki a Edward Snowden yana da tabbaci da sauri. An sami kwararrun ƙwarewar ƙwarewar farko na farko da aka karɓa a cikin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, yana aiki a tsarin tsaro na abin ɓoye a cikin Jami'ar Maryland. Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, an ɗora dusar kankara a cikin sabis na CIA kuma a ƙarƙashin murfin diflomasiyya da aka aika zuwa Geneva a cikin ofishin gidan waya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A can cikin kewayon aikinsa sun haɗa da aiwatar da cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta. A cewar Edward, aiki a Switzerland ya bude idanunsa ga gaskiyar cewa shi mahimmin hanyar musamman ce a cikin ayyukan Amurka, yana kawo ƙarin lahani ga mutane fiye da kyau.
A shekara ta 2009, mai shirin gabatarwa daga CIA kuma ya fara aiki a cikin Dell da Booz Allen Hamilton na kwararrun kamfanoni, cika wajibce na dan wasan na waje.
Snowden bai amince da ayyukan hukumar tsaro na kasar Amurka ba, a gaba, nan gaba, da ya ceci Amurka da ya halatta a kan ayyukan da gwamnati ta halatta a kan ayyukan gwamnati. A wannan batun, a cikin 2013, ma'aikata na musamman na NSA yanke shawarar yin aiki a halakar da zuciyarsa kuma ta bayyana wa mutanen da suke fallasa ayyukan leken asirin Amurka a cikin taro saveviste mutane.
Snowden ya yi fice-akai ya lura cewa yana son ya bayyana haramcin ayyukan NSB da CIA a cikin 2008, amma yana fatan cewa tare da zuwan Obama, lamarin a cikin ayyukan asirin Amurka zai canza. Ba da daɗewa ba don mai shirye-shirye, ya zama a fili cewa shugaban Amurka ya ci gaba da manufar magabata kuma baya da niyyar aiwatar da ayyukan "'yan leƙen asirin".
Fitowa da Laifin Laifi
Aikin Snowden don ya ba da sanarwar laifukan ibada na musamman na sabis na Amurka a cikin 2013. Daga nan tsohon CIA da wakilin Nambobia ya tuntubi na Fim lake Laura Gelenwald, dan jaridar ƙasar Barton Gellman, wanda aka ba da rahoton cewa ya kasance shirye don samar da bayanan sirri.
Sadarwar Solidden yana faruwa ta hanyar saƙonnin imel na imel, wacce jami'in ya haɗa tare da mistums 200 Sirrin asiri. Halin da aka nuna su ya wuce kayan da aka buga a baya akan Wikileaks dangane da rikice-rikice a Afghanistan da Iraki. Bayan haka, abin ƙyamar da aka kore, kuma sasanta yada tasirin bam din Themmonuyatar a cikin latsa. A nan gaba, Julian Assange, wanda ya kafa na Wikileaks, zai bayyana hakan, godiya ga ƙungiyar ba riba, dusar ƙanƙara ta kyauta.
Fitar da Snoure na Edwarden da ya ƙunshi bayanai game da sa ido game da masu lada na Amurka da kuma sashen gwamnati a duk Turai. Mai watsa shirye-shirye ya bayyana bayani game da shirin tsararren tsararren, wanda kwararrun suka jagoranci babban sa ido kan tattaunawar Amurkawa da 'yan kasashen waje ta hanyar yanar gizo da ta hannu.
A cewar Edward, Prism shirin ya ba da damar sauraron murya don sauraron murya da hotuna, duba emailing fayiloli kuma suna da dukkanin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo. Yawancin mutane masu yawan shahararrun ayyuka sun halarci wannan shirin: Facebook, Google (Gmel), Skype, Youtube, Apple da Paltalk.
Hakanan, umarnin asirin FCP shima mai ban sha'awa ne na dusar kankara, a cewar wacce Versizon Ma'aikata na Sel Version ya wajaba don watsa gurbin duk kira ga NSB a kowace rana, wanda aka yi a tsakanin Amurka. A kan wannan hukuncin, 'yan jarida sun nuna cewa za a iya jan hankalin sauran masu aikin salon ɗan Amurka don wadannan wajibai.
Bugu da kari, godiya ga dusar kankara, ta fahimci wanzuwar aikin Intanet, wanda ake amfani da ita ta hanyar tattaunawar wayar Intanet, wanda ke ba ka damar bin ayyukan mai amfani.
Daya daga cikin mafi yawan bayanan dusar kankara shine bayyanar da gaskiyar gaskiyar ta cewar Jami'an 'yan siyasa ta Amurka da jami'an da ke cikin shekarar 2009 a London. Wadanda abin ya shafa Amurka daga ayyukan haramtattun halaye sun shigar da sanannun 'yan siyasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
A cewar Pentagon, Snowden ya mallaki takardu miliyan 1.7, yawancinsu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da mahimmancin rundunar sojojin Amurka da rundunar jiragen ruwa, marina da kuma sojojin iska. Wannan bayanin, a cewar 'yan jarida, za a bayyana sannu-sannu don lalata bukatun ƙasa na Amurka da NSA.
Bayan yanke shawara, don bayyana asalinsa Edward, san cewa dole ne ya biya tsada ga wannan aikin, ya tafi gudu.
Da farko, mai shirye-shirye yana ɓoyewa a Hong Kong, inda ya yi shirin samun mafaka ta siyasa. Bayan ya sanar da hukuncin da hukumomin Amurka a cikin almubazzaranci da bayyana a ranar tunawa da Moscow, amma, ba tare da samun Rashanci ba Visa, an tilasta shi ya zauna a cikin tashar jirgin sama.
A cewar kafofin watsa labarai, a Russia, mailiku ya hadu da mota tare da lambobin diflomasiyya na Venezuela, wanda ya dauki dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hanyar da ba a san shi ba. Mai yiwuwa, Edward da aka yi niyyar zuwa Kudu Amurka ta hanyar Moscow.
A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2013, ya nemi ya ba shi mafaka ta siyasa a Rasha, kuma gobe shugaban kungiyar Tarayyar Rasha Vladimir Putin ya ba da damar kasancewa a cikin yanayin da zai dakatar da aikin da ke cikin Sabis na musamman na Amurka.
A lokaci guda, Edward Snowden ya shigar da hukumomin Amurka game da gafara, yana nufin gaskiyar cewa babu wani abu mara kyau da haramtacciyar abin da suka aikata. Hukumomin Amurka suna da ra'ayi na sabani game da bayyanar dusar kankara, idan aka wajabta cewa a wajabta shirin bayyana a gaban kotun, tunda asirin jihar na jihar ya ba da labarin. Amurkawa na Amurka suna yin la'akari da aikin tsohon ma'aikaci na CIA da NSA mai haramun da doka, wanda ya sanya hidimar leken asirin Amurka.
Bi da bi, a cikin Tarayyar Turai, yana da alaƙa da batun bin dusar kankara. Majalisar Turai ta sauƙaƙa roƙon EU ta karfafa gwiwa ta hanyar ki ba da hukunci ga wani hukuncin Amurka, wanda zai sa ba zai yiwu ya kara shi ba, wanda zai sa ba zai yiwu ya kara shi ba, wanda zai sa ya zama na uku.
A watan Yuli na 2016, darektan CIA na Amurka John Brennan ya ce ya kamata dan wasan dusar kankara ya kamata ya koma Amurka kuma ya bayyana a gaban kotu. Sannan wani shugaban kasashen Amurka na gabatar da kara na Erica Eric, wanda ya kira ayyukan dusar kankara "Societyers Social". Shugaban CIA bai yi imani da godiya ga Edward a cikin kasar fara tattaunawa game da mahimman batutuwan jama'a.
A shekara ta 2016, tsohon ma'aikacin harkokin tsaro na kasa ya fada cikin wata hira da times na kudi game da rayuwarsa a babban birnin Rasha. Snoweden ya yarda cewa ilimin yare na Rasha ya isa kawai don yin oda a gidan abinci. Snowden ya kara da cewa yana zaune a lokacin Arewa na Arewa kuma yana ciyar da yawancin lokacin akan Intanet, amma "koyaushe ya kasance a rayuwarsa."
Snowden ya sauƙaƙe ra'ayi game da dokokin ta'addanci na Rasha. Tsohon ma'aikacin sabis na musamman na Amurka wanda ya soki cikin microblog a cikin hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, waɗanda ke gabatar da 'yan adawar sadarwa, waɗanda ke gabatar da ayyukan sadarwar su kiyaye bayanai game da gaskiyar tattaunawa da kuma masu amfani da mai amfani da abun cikin su.
"Mass sa ido ba ya aiki. An zaɓi wannan dokar daga kowane kuɗin Rasha da 'yanci ba tare da inganta tsaro ba. Kada ku sa hannu a ciki, "in ji dusar kankara.A cikin 2017, tsohon ma'aikacin sabis na musamman na gayyatar tsohon ma'aikacin kasashe da yawa na duniya don yin magana a cikin batutuwa da yawa, haka kuma don yin laccoci.
Fina-finai
"Wanda ya fi so a Duniya" Edward Sandeden bayan buga labarai da kuma buga bayanan sirri na sabis na musamman na musamman ga marubutan da cinematologram waɗanda suke tunanin sanya shi wani ɓangare na halittunsu. Shine babban halin fim din fim din "Citizen Hudu" ("Citizenan ƙasa.))), Filin nan Laura Vates dangane da hira da wani tsohon jami'in CIA da NSA.
Fim game da Edward Snowden ya lashe kyautar yabo na Oscar a matsayin mafi kyawun hoton da ke da ƙarfafawa, wanda daga farkon zuwa ƙarshen sakan.
A shekara ta 2016, duniya ta ga sabon aikin babban darektan da ake kira "Snowden", wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga tarihin gwamnatin Amurka ta Amurka ta tsohon AYTICHNIK. Manufa a fim ɗin an yi su ne da 'yan wasan Joshuwa da Yusufu, Sheilin Woodley da Zakari Quinto.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri ta snapden na Edward bayan da ya taka rawar gani a zuciyarsa a cikin tunanin matakan da aka riga aka dauka ya zama asirin ga jama'a. Ya ambaci rayuwar iyali sau daya m - A 2013 ya ce yana da mata da yara. An san hakan tun shekara ta 2009, yarinyar sa ita ce mahallin Lindser Mills, wanda ya rayu cikin auren farar hula a cikin tsibirin Hawaii.
Akwai jita-jita cewa a cikin 2013th med ya fashe. Amma darektan Oliver Stone, marubucin fim ɗin Poldden, ya hana wannan bayanin. Leken asiri na Amurka har yanzu yana zaune tare da iyaye a Rasha. Wannan gaskiyar ita ce shaidar haɗin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya bayyana akan asusun mutum na LindsAty a cikin "Instagram".
A cikin 2013, tsohon ma'aikacin Ayyukan Anna Chapman ya gayyaci Edward Snowden ya aure ta. Ta rubuta game da wannan a cikin Twitter, amma masu amfani da ake kira irin wannan mataki tare da PR.
A cewar 'yan jaridar da ke zargin tambayoyi a Hong Kong, Snowden ya kasance mai kyau da mai wayo, wanda halinsa yake bi shi ta hanyar soyayya da kwarai. Mai shirye-shirye yana haifar da rayuwa mai kyau da lafiya, tana yin lokaci na Buddha, yana kayar da lokaci mai yawa a kwamfutar kuma yana jin daɗin karanta littattafai game da tarihin Rasha. A daidai wannan lokaci, da "exposer" na NSA da kuma CIA bãyukansu zuwa cin ganyayyaki, ba ya sha kofi da kuma ba ya sha barasa.
Edward Snowden Yanzu
Mai shirye-shirye ya yi cewa ya ce ya kasance a shirye don matsar da Amurka, ƙarƙashin batun gwaji tare da kasancewar a kan alkama. Amma ba shugaban kasa ba tukuna sun baiwa dusar kankara irin wannan tabbacin. A cikin 2017, 'yan jaridu sun gabatar da zaton cewa Moscow ba zai ƙara boye Edward Officia ba, amma mai shirye ya sake yin mika izinin zama.
A shekara ta 2018, Amurka ta daina dangantakar jama'a na tsawon watanni shida. A cikin faduwar tare da shi, an gudanar da tashar Bidiyo tare da Jami'ar gudanar da birnin Austrack na Ausbruck. Edward ya ruwaito cewa yana gudanar da asusu na Amurka don kare 'yancin' yan Jaridu.
A wani bangare na ayyukanta, Snowden yana bunkasa wani shiri wanda ke kare tushen bayani daga barazanar ta waje. A cewar tsohon jami'in CIA, damuwa, da farko, matsalolin al'ummar Amurka, wanda ya ci gaba da yaƙin. A lokaci guda, Edward bai daina yin sukar Gwamnatin Rasha ba.
A watan Nuwamba, dusar kankara ta gudanar da lacca lafazin Mossad, yana ba su babban taron bidiyo, da ke ba su shaidar shaidar NSA a cikin ayyukan Isra'ila. A kan sabon jawabai a cikin 2019, Snowden ba ya ba da bayani duk da haka, amma ana ɗauka cewa mai shirin zai ci gaba da bijirar da sabis na musamman na Amurka.
Faɗa
Snowden da kansa ya tattauna game da wahayinsa kamar wannan:
"A hankali na yi nazarin kowane takaddar don tabbatar da cewa bayyanuwarsa zai zama ɗan halatta bukatun jama'a. Akwai takardu na kowane nau'ikan, bayyanar da abin da zai haifar da sakamako mai yawa, amma ban wuce su ba, saboda burina shi ne bude, kuma ba cutarwa ga mutane. "Tsokaco game da gaskiyar ka'idojin da hukumomin sadarwa da hukumomin SkillDDen suka lura cewa irin wannan yanayin zai jagoranci a gaba ga bala'i:
"Waɗannan ayyukan a gaba za a fassara su ba daidai ba, ba daidai ba ne fassara, kuma ana amfani da ku zuwa ga lalata da mutum. Ko da ba tare da wani niyya kai tsaye daga gwamnati don ƙirƙirar ku wani irin matsala ba. Matsayin tsaro shine kawai inda fifikon tsaro ya kasance akan sauran la'akari. "
A kan amfani da Google da Skype:
"Ba na amfani da Google da Skype. Wadannan kyawawan ayyuka ne, amma gaba daya basu dogara da tsarin tsaro na bayanai ba. Bai kamata mu amince da su ba, kuma tabbas ba za a yi amfani da waɗannan shirye-shiryen don sadarwa ba. "Jami'an Amurkawa sun yi kira ga mai ba da labari "don sanin yanayi kamar yadda suke," don karban gaskiyar lamarin a Amurka, amma dusar ƙanƙara koyaushe tana da alaƙa:
"Yanayin ba kotu ce ta bude ba kuma ba fitina"