Tari
Sigmund Freud - Ausrian Psystoloanyst, Psyssiatist da masu ilimin dabbobi ne. Wanda ya kafa na psychoanalysis. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawara game da ra'ayoyin da ke haifar da daidaitawa a cikin da'irar kimiyya har yau.
An haifi Sigmund Freud a cikin garin Freiberg (yanzu - preSibor, Czech Republic) a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1856, zama ɗan uku yaro a cikin iyali. Mahaifiyar Sigmund - wata mata ta biyu ta Yakubu Fure, wanda ya riga ya riga ya zama 'ya'ya biyu daga aurenta na farko. Cinikin halittu ya kawo ribar da dangi, wanda ya isa rayuwa. Amma juyin juya halin da aka yi murmurewa yana karewa da irin wannan karamar himmar da bangaren wasu dabaru, kuma dole ne dangi su bar asalin gidan. Da farko, iyalin Freud ya koma Leipzig, bayan shekara guda a Vienna.
Yawan amarya, datti, amo da ma marasa hankali sune waɗannan dalilan da ba su haifar da yanayi mai kyau a cikin gidan masanin masanin masanin kimiyya na gaba. Sigmund da kansa ba sa son tunawa da ƙuruchi na fari, suna kirga waɗancan shekarun da basu cancanci hankalinsu ba.
Iyaye suna ƙaunar ɗanta sosai, kwanciya da kyau fatan alheri a kansa. Soyayyar litattafai da falsafa tana karfafa gwiwa kawai. Kuma karanta Sigmund Freud ba da tsananin gaske ba. A cikin ɗakunan karatu na yaron, wanda yake girmamawa ta Shakespeare ya mamaye shi, Shakespeare, mai girma, Nietzsch da Hegel. Bugu da kari, psychoan'alyst ya nuna sha'awar nazarin yare harsunan, har ma da Latin da aka bai wa reshen jumla.
Yin karatu a cikin gida na gida ya ba da yaron ya shigar da yaron a baya fiye da yadda ya kamata. A cikin shekarun makaranta, Sigmund ya haifar da yanayi don cikawar ayyukan da ba a haɗa su ba a cikin batutuwa daban-daban. Irin wannan ƙaunar iyaye cikakke ne, kuma dakin motsa jiki na motsa jiki ya ƙare cikin nasara.
Bayan makaranta, Sigmmund ya kwashe kwanaki da yawa kawai, suna nuna makomarsa. Ba a cika da tsauraran dokoki da rashin gaskiya ba irin wannan ɗan Bayahude: Magungun, maƙarƙashiya, kasuwanci da masana'antu. Duk Zaɓuɓɓuka, ban da na farko, Sigmitt ya jefa nan da nan, la'akari da rashin dace da irin wannan mutumin da muke da ilimi. Amma freud bai dandana sha'awar da magani ba. A ƙarshe, wanda ya kirkiro da psychoanalysis ya dakatar da zabi kan wannan ilimin, kuma ilimin halin dan Adam zai zama daidai a cikin binciken da yawa.
Lecture shi ne abin da ya faru don yanke shawara na ƙarshe, wanda Goethe ya karanta yanayin. Magungunan da makomar falsafa ta yi nazari ba tare da masoyi da sha'awar ba. Kasancewa a cikin shekaru na ɗalibai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na dabaru, freud ya buga labarai masu ban sha'awa da ba da labari game da tsarin juyayi na wasu dabbobi.
Bayan kammala karatu daga karatu, Sigmmund ya shirya ci gaba da gudanar da aikin ilimi, amma yanayin da ke kewaye yana bukatar ikon yin rayuwa. Don haka, bayan da ya yi aiki da yawa a farkon farkon wasu sanannun masana ilimin halayyar dan wasan kwaikwayo na lokaci, a shekarar 1885 Sigmund Freud ya shigar da wani aikace-aikacen don bude wani majalisar da aka bude majalisar mulkinsa na garin neuropathology. Godiya ga bada shawarwari, masanin kimiyya ya karbi izinin.
An san cewa Sigmund ya yi kokarin cocaine. Aikin miyagun ƙwanƙƙarfan, ya buge da masanin falsafanci, kuma ya rubuta adadi mai yawa na ayyuka, wanda ya bayyana kaddarorin foda mai lalata. Daya daga cikin manyan abokai na freud sakamakon magani na Cocaine, amma mai kula da mai kula da asirin mutum bai kula da wannan gaskiyar ba. A ƙarshe, Sigmund Freud da kansa sun sha wahala daga jaraba. Bayan shekaru da yawa da kuma yawan kokarin, farfesa duk da haka yana yin babban hali daga wani al'ada mara kyau. Duk wannan lokacin, Freud bai bar azuzuwan a cikin falsafa ba, ziyartar laccoci daban-daban da kuma jagorantar shigarwar nasu.
Psycotherapy da psychoanalysis
A cikin 1885, godiya ga goyon bayan abokai, tasiri wanda ya haifar da magani, Sigmund Freud ya zama horo ga masoya na Barcelona Jean Carca. Gudun ya bude idanunsa ga masu tabin hankali game da banbanci tsakanin cututtuka. Sharcot Freud ya koyi amfani da hypnosis a jingina, wanda ya yi nasarar warkad da marasa lafiya ko rage wahala.
Sigmund Freud ya fara nema a cikin jiyya na tattaunawa da marasa lafiya, ba mutane damar yin magana, canza farawar. Wannan dabarar ta sami sunan "Hanyar ƙungiyoyi na kyauta". Wadannan tattaunawar daga tunani bazuwar da jumla sun taimaka wa masu ilimin annashuwa don fahimtar matsalolin marasa lafiya kuma su sami mafita. Hanyar ta taimaka watsi da hypnosis kuma tura don sadarwa tare da marasa lafiya a cikin cikakken sani da tsarkakakkun sani.
Freud ya gabatar da duniya cewa kowane psycosososis shi ne sakamakon tunanin mutum, wanda ke da wuya a rabu da mu. A lokaci guda, masanin ya kawo ka'idar da ke haifar da ilimin halin mutum-tabin hankali da kuma jima'i na yara masu daji. Yin jima'i, kamar yadda Freud ya yi imani, wannan shine dalilin da yake ƙayyade yawancin matsalolin ilimin mutum. "Labaru Uku a kan ka'idar jima'i" haduwa da ra'ayin masanin kimiyya. Irin wannan sanarwa game da aikin da aka tsara ya haifar da lalata da sabani tsakanin abokan aikin Psys-PSED na magana kan ka'idar. Wakilan al'ummar kimiyya sun ce Sigmund yace maganar banza ce, kuma shi kansa, kamar yadda masana suka ɗauka, ya zama wanda aka azabtar da tabin hankali.
Shiga cikin hasken littafin "fassarar mafarki" da farko bai zo da sanin marubucin ba, amma mai tabin hankali bai fahimci mahimmancin mafarki ba a cikin lura da marasa lafiya. Yayin da masanin masanin kimiyya ya yi imani, mafarki muhimmin tasiri ne na tasiri akan yanayin jikin mutum. Bayan sakin littafin Farfesa Freud an gayyace shi zuwa lacca a Jamusanci a Jamus da Amurka, wanda wakilin magani da kansa ya dauke shi babban nasara.
"The psychpatholathology na rayuwar yau da kullun" wani aiki ne na freud. Wannan littafin ne aka dauki wannan aikin na biyu bayan "fassarar mafarki", wanda ke haifar da kirkirar tsarin ilimin kimiyya da kwayar cutar Psyche ya ci gaba.
Littafin "Gabatarwa zuwa Psychoanalysis" ya ɗauki matsayi na musamman tsakanin ayyukan masanin kimiyya. Wannan takarda ta ƙunshi ainihin manufar, hanyoyin da za a fassara ka'idodin ilimin halaye da hanyoyin psychoanalysis, da kuma falsafar tunanin marubucin. A nan gaba, kayan yau da kullun na falsafa za su zama tushen ƙirƙirar tsarin tunani da abubuwan al'ajabi waɗanda suka karɓi sabon ma'anar - "ba su sani ba."
Anyi kokarin yin bayani da kuma abubuwan mamaki na zamantakewa. A cikin littafin "Psycology na Mass da nazarin mutane, Ni", psycoloannayst dalilan da suka shafi taron, halayen shugaba, halayen jagora, halin daraja "sakamakon sakamakon zaman wuta. Duk waɗannan littattafan marubucin har yanzu - waɗanda ba za su iya ba.
A shekara ta 1910, aka raba rabuwa a cikin darajoji da mabiyan fikafikai. Rashin jituwa ɗalibai tare da gaskiyar cewa psystosis suna da alaƙa da kawar da ƙarfin jima'i (Freud sun yi biyayya da irin wannan ka'idar) - sanadin rikice-rikice waɗanda suka haifar da tsaga. Rashin jituwa da sake sauya babban likitan hauka. Psycholanolyst ya yanke shawarar tara kansa ba kawai waɗanda suka bi sababbin ka'idarsa ba. Don haka, a cikin 1913, wani sirri da kusan sirrin al'umma "ya bayyana.
Rayuwar sirri
Shekarun da suka gabata na Sigmund Freud bai kula da bene bene ba. Gaskiya, masanin kimiyya yana tsoron mata. Wannan gaskiyar ta haifar da yawan barkwanci da mamaye, wanda ya rikice likitan kwakwalwa. Freud sun gamsu da cewa duk rayuwarsa zata iya yi ba tare da shigar da mata a cikin sarari na mutum ba. Amma yanayi ya kirkiro domin babban masanin kimiyya yana da tasiri ga tasirin fara'a na bene.
Sau ɗaya a kan hanyar zuwa gidan buga takardu, Freud kusan fadi a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun karusa. Juyinar fasinjoji, na son abin da ya faru, a matsayin alamar sulhu ta aika gayyatar kimiyya zuwa kwallon. Tuni a taron, Sigmund Freud ya sadu da matar sa Marta Beyrneis, da kuma uwana. Bayan ɗan lokaci, wani HaxS shiga ya faru, da kuma bayan da bikin. Rayuwar aure ta bushe da yawa sun yi sanyi sau da yawa, kishin Maris nace cewa miji ya katse ni. Ba na son yin rantsuwa da matarsa, freud yayi.
Shekaru 8 na rayuwar iyali, Marta ta ba mijinta shida. Bayan haihuwar yarinyar, Anna Sigmund ta yanke shawarar rabuwa da rayuwar jima'i. Kuna hukunta da gaskiyar cewa Anna ta zama yaro na ƙarshe, babban psycholanly ta kiyaye kalmar. 'Yar saurayi wanda ke kula da shi a faduwar rana na rayuwar masanin kimiyya. Bugu da kari, Anna ita ce kadai 'yaran da suka ci gaba da aikin shahararren mahaifin. Sunayen Anna Freud suna suna Cibiyar Psyon Pyson.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Tarihin rayuwar Freud ya cika labarai masu ban sha'awa.
- An san cewa psycoloalyst yana jin tsoron lambobi 6 da kuma ba a taɓa karfafa masanin kimiyya a otels wanda aka jera fiye da dakuna 61 ba. Don haka, Freud ya guji buga bugun "dakin Jahannama" a karkashin lambar "62". Bugu da kari, a karkashin duk wani pretexext a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Austrian bai fita waje ba, wanda ya ji tsoron abubuwan da ba su da kyau, wanda, yayin da aka zata a wannan rana.
- Freud ya saurari kansa kawai, idan aka duba ra'ayinsa kawai da gaskiya. Masanin kimiyya ya bukaci cewa wadanda suka kasa kunne ga maganganun da suka kasance a hankali. Tabbas, ba tare da ka'idar masanin kimiyya yana da alaƙa da waɗannan lokutan, da irin waɗannan buƙatun don sauran psychoanyst ƙoƙarin tabbatar da fifiko, gamsar da girman kai.
- Abin mamakin tunanin mutum na likitan hauka wani lokacin ne mai banmamaki a tarihin rayuwar likita na Austrian. Masanin kimiyya tun lokacin da yara suka tuna da abun ciki na littattafai, bayanin kula da hotuna da ya so. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun taimaka masu tsere cikin yaruka. Shahararren Aussian sai Jamusawa yasan yawan adadin sauran yaruka.
- Sigmund Frew ba ya kalli mutane a idanu. Wannan fasalin a fili ya lura da mutanen da ke kewaye da mutanen da suka gamu da likita yayin rayuwa. Masanin masani ya hana ra'ayin ra'ayoyin, saboda haka wakilai na al'ummar kimiyya sun zaba cewa sanannen babban gado ya bayyana a dakin psychoanlyst yana da alaƙa da wannan lokacin.
Mutuwa
Karfafa Koyi Lafiya na likita da Falsafa, matsanancin yau da kullun da aikin mai tunani ya bar hoto mai nauyi a kan lafiyar Sigmund Freud. Austrian Psycholan'yst ya faɗi rashin lafiya da ciwon daji.
Yawancin ayyuka kuma ba a karɓi sakamakon da ake so ba, Freud ya nemi likita halartar likita don samar da sabis da taimako mutu, kawar da muuka. A watan Satumbar 1939, ya kayar da Morpphoia ta katse rayuwar masanin kimiya, cin amanar jikin shuɗi.
A cikin girmamawa ga freud, an ƙirƙiri adadi mai yawa na gidajen kayan gargajiya. Babban abu shine cibiyar da aka tsara a London, a cikin wani gini inda masanin kimiyya ya rayu bayan an tilasta hijira daga Vienna. Hakanan, gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma zauren kula da ƙwaƙwalwar Zigmund Freud yana cikin birnin Predip (Czech Republic), a kan gida na masanin kimiyya. Ana samun hoton wanda ya kafa na Psychoanalysis a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na matakin kasa da kasa wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga ilimin halin dan Adam.
Faɗa
- "Kauna da aiki shine babban abin jikinmu."
- "Aikin sanya mutum bai yi farin ciki da kirkirar duniya ba."
- "Muryar sirri da hankali, amma ba ya gaji da maimaita - kuma masu sauraro suna."
- "Ba ku daina neman ƙarfi da amincewa da ba a ciki, amma don duba kanku. Kullum suna can. "
- "Gabaɗaya, lokuta da yawa, ƙauna ba komai bane face kamuwa da tunanin mutum ta hanyar yin yunƙurin kai tsaye don cimma nasarar gamsarwa da samun wannan manufa da kuma suyi; Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira Lowlands, ƙauna ta sha'awa. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, yanayin Libibtiinal ya kasance mai sauƙi. Dogara a cikin sabon farkawa kawai ana buƙatar fati mai yiwuwa mafi kusanci, me yasa kuka kama abin da aka kama da "ƙauna" da kuma "ƙauna da kuma a cikin wadancan tsayarwar lokacin da jan hankali ba ya nan."
- "Haka nan a yau 'yar mahaifiyata ta juya ta shekara talatin da shida ... muna samun wuri ne ga wanda ya rasa. Kodayake mun san cewa mummunan baƙin ciki bayan irin wannan rashi zai shafe, duk da haka, zamu kasance da rashin jin daɗi kuma ba za mu taɓa samun sauyawa ba. Duk abin da ya zama wuri mara komai, koda kuwa yana da ikon cika shi, ya kasance wani abu. Hakan ya kamata ya kasance. Wannan ita ce kawai hanya don mika ƙauna daga abin da bamu son rabuwa. " - Daga Harafi Ludwig Binswagen, Afrilu 12, 1929.
Littafi daya
- Fassarar mafarki
- Ayoyi uku a kan ka'idar jima'i
- Totem da Taboo
- Psychology na talakawa da nazarin mutum "Ni"
- Makomar mai gaskiya
- A gefe guda na ƙa'idar nishaɗi
- Ni da shi
- Gabatarwa zuwa Psychoanalysis