Tari
Alexander Nevsky - Prince Novgorood da tarayya. Yarima Novgorod (1236-1240, 1241-1252 da 1257-1252 da 1257-1259), Babban Duke Valadimir (1252-1263). Canonized by Rasha coci. A bisa ga al'ada, an ɗauke shi Rasha masana tarihi tare da gwarzon dan kasar Rasha, da mai bin ra'ayin Orthodox da 'yancin mutane.Yaro da matasa
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky an haife shi a Pereslavl-Zaresky. Yarovolov vsevolovolovich, Alexander mahaifinsa, shi ne lokacin dansa Pereyaslav Princece, kuma daga baya - Babban Duke na Kiev da Vladimir. Rostislav Mstislavna, mahaifiyar sanannen kwamandan - Toropetskaya gimbiya. Alexandra dan uwan Fedor, wanda ya mutu yana da shekara 13, da kuma matasa, Konstantin, Yaroslav, Athannasius da kuma mikous. Bugu da kari, yariman sun makwata Maria da Ulyana.
A shekara 4, yaron ya wuce cikin Mai Ceto Mai Ceto Mai Gyara Hukumar Tsabtace Na keɓe kan jarumawa ya zama yariman. A 1230 mahaifinsa ya sa Alexander tare da dattijon don yarima a Novgorod. Amma bayan shekaru 3, Fedor ya mutu, kuma Alexander ya kasance kawai mai ba da shawara kan ka'idodin. A cikin 1236, YaroslaV ganye na Kiev, sannan a Vladimir, kuma yammacin ɗan shekaru 15 ya ci gaba da mulkin Novgorod.
Na farko hiking
Alexander Nevsky's tarihin tarihin yana da alaƙa da yaƙe-yaƙe. Yaƙin soja na farko, Alexander ya yi tare da mahaifinsa ya dorawa don hana birnin a Livonians. Yaƙin ya ƙare tare da nasarar Novgorod. Sannan yakin ya fara satar baki tare da Lithuan, da nasarar da aka rage wa Alexander.
A 15 ga Yuli, 1240, Jarrabawar Nevskaya ta faru, babban mahimmanci cewa sojojin Alexander ba tare da tallafawa babban sojojin a bakin Kogin Izhora ba. Amma Novgorood Boys ya firgita da karuwar tasiri na Alexander. Wakilan daukaka da ke wakiltar kame tare da taimakon Caverz da zuga sun cimma yarjejeniya cewa kwamandan ya tafi Vladimir zuwa Uba. A wannan lokacin, sojojin Jamus sun yi kamfen a Rasha, ɗaukar PSKov, izbersky, mamaye filaye, maku filaye, makasudinsu sun ɗauki birnin koporye. Sojojin abokan gaba suna kusa da Novgorod. Sa'an nan Novgoromai suka fara tambayar yarima ya dawo.
A cikin 1241, Alexander Nevsky ya isa Novgorod, sannan a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1242 Akwai sanannen yaƙi - Ilimin kankara - a kan Cocin tafkin. Yaƙin ya faru a cikin lake mai daskarewa. Yarima Alexander Aiwatar da dabara Trick, mai saƙa da kisks, aske cikin makamai mai karfi, a kan bakin ciki kankara. Hukumar Harkokin Harkokin Rasha da aka kawo hari daga flanks ta kammala wadanda aka samu. Bayan wannan yaƙin, umarnin kariyar Knight ya ƙi cin nasara kwanan nan, kuma an kashe Latgale.
Bayan shekaru 3, Alexander ya sami 'yancin worotz, Toropets da Bezhenk, sun kama ta sojojin Babban Dhuania. Daga nan ta hanyar sojojin sojojinsa, ba tare da taimakon Novgorod da Vladimirtsev, suka fyauce kuma ya hallaka gawar soja na Lithuania, kuma a kan hanyar da aka dawo da haɗin soja na Lithuan ta fashe ba.
Jikin mai mulki
A cikin 1247, yaroslav ya mutu. Alexander Nevsky ya zama yariman Kiev da duk Russia. Amma tun bayan mamaye, Kiev rasa mahimmancin mahimmancin, Alexander bai tafi wurin ba, amma ya kasance cikin zama a Novgorod.
A cikin 1252, Andrei da Yarosv, 'yan'uwa masu tawali'u, sun yi tsayayya da Horde, amma masu kararrawa sun karyata wadanda suka kare kasar Rasha. Yaroslav ya zauna a PSKOv, Andrei ya tilasta gudu zuwa Sweden, don haka ka'idar Vladimakoy ya wuce Alexander. Nan da nan bayan wannan, Lithuaniyawa suka biyo baya da Lithuaniya da Teuntons.
Matsayin Alexander Nevsky a cikin tarihi an tsinkaye. Yariman Novgorod ya jagoranci yaƙi da sojojin Yammacin Turai koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda sun sunkuyar da Khan Golden Horde. Prince ya yi tafiya akai-akai ya yi tafiya daular Mongolian don karanta mai mulki, musamman Bannu da tallafi na Khan. A cikin 1257, ya kasance mai dorewa a cikin Nuwovgorod tare da jakadun Tatar don bayyana tallafi ga umarnin.
Bugu da ƙari, dan mai wahala, wanda ya yi tsayayya da mamayewar Tatars, Alexander ya kori duniya zuwa kasar Suzdal, da kuma dmitry mai shekaru 7 sa a matsayinsa. Irin wannan manufar yarima da kanta galibi ana kiranta yaudara ta Zealen Horde ya yi watsi da jikokin shugabannin Rasha na shekaru masu zuwa. A matsayin manufa na Alexander, mutane da yawa ba su gane ba, amma jarumi ne a ɗaukar kyakkyawan kyau, da kuma featles ba su manta ba.
A shekara ta 1259, Alexander, tare da taimakon barazanar Tatar Therar mamayewa, ya cimma yarjejeniya da Novgorood ga jama'ar gari, wanda mutanen Rasha suka yi tsawan shekaru. Wannan wata hujja ce daga tarihin rayuwar Nevsky, wanda ba ya gamsu da magoya bayan Yarima.
Yaƙi akan kankara
A karshen watan Agusta 1240, 'Yan Saliban na UVonian sun mamaye PSKOV. Bayan siege na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ƙungiyar Jamus ta kama Izbersso. Sannan masu kare masu kare bangaskiyar Katolika an umurce su ta PSKOV da kuma mamaye shi da taimakon jiragen ruwan Boy. Na gaba ya bi mamayewa na ƙasar Novgorod.
A cewar Alexander Nevsky, Sojojin daga Valdimir da Suzgal a ƙarƙashin umarnin Yarima Andrei, dan'uwan Novgorood ya isa taimakawa novgoroods. Sojojin United Novgorod-Valadimir sun yi tafiya zuwa PSKOv ƙasa da kuma yanke hanya daga Livonia zuwa PSKOv, har ma da Izborsso.
Bayan haka, shan kashi na Knights, tara wani babban sojoji, wanda aka yi wa PSKOV da Tabkuna. Tushen sojojin na Livonian sun kasance maharbi mai nauyi, da kuma dumbin jaruma, wanda ke yawan ɗaukar ta ta lambobi. A watan Afrilu 1242, yaƙin ya faru, wanda ya kasance cikin tarihi a matsayin gefen kankara.
Tarihin tarihi na dogon lokaci ba zai iya sanin ainihin wurin yaƙin ba, saboda hydrography na babban tafkin sau da yawa ya canza, amma daidaitawar yaƙin masanan sun yi nasarar nuna alamar kan taswirar. Masana sun yarda da hakan daidai ya bayyana yakin Livonian na Trairle.
A cikin "rhymy Sondard" ana nuna cewa Novgorod yana da yawan masu harbi da suka fara buga knan. The Knights gina "alade" - wani babban shafi, fara m weji. Irin wannan ilimin ya ba da damar babban sojan doki don amfani da wani mummunan aiki tare da layin maƙiyi, amma a wannan yanayin irin wannan dabarun ya zama kuskure.
Yayin da sojojin suka mamaye Livonioans yi kokarin fashewa ta m gina na Novgorod Mahaliya, an yi wa 'yan wasan da aka yiwa squad sun kasance a wurin. Ba da daɗewa ba rundunar jarumawa suka buga fashin abokan gaba, murƙushe kuma haɗa darajojin yankin. Mazauna Novgorood sun yi nasara ga nasara nasara.
Wasu masana tarihi suna da'awar cewa mahaɗan mahaɗan sun ƙunshi sojoji 12-14 dubu, da kuma wasu sojojin Novgorod suka ƙidaya mutane 15-16,000. Sauran masana suna la'akari da waɗannan lambobin da aka hana haramta.
Sakamakon yaƙin yanke shawara sakamakon yakin. Umarni ya kammala duniya, watsi da nasarar PSKOV da yankuna novgorod. Wannan yaƙi ya taka rawa sosai a tarihi, ya rinjayi ci gaban yankin, ya riƙe 'yancin Novgorod.
Rayuwar sirri
Alexander Nevsky Mata a 1239, Nan da nan bayan nasarar da Lithuanians kusa da Smolensky. Matar Yarima ya zama Iskandari, 'yar Brychliva. An yi makami a cikin haikalin St. George a Toroptz. Bayan shekara guda, suna da ɗa na bakin ciki.
Daga baya, matar ba Alexander don ƙarin 'ya'yansa uku: Dmitry, nan gaba na Prince Novgorod, Pereyaslavsky da Vladimirsky, Andrei, wanda zai zama Kostroma, Vladimir, Novgorod da Gorodetsky Prince, da kuma Daniel, da farko sarkin Moscow. Hakanan, ma'aurata na Yarima yana da 'yar Evidokia, wanda ya yi aure Konstantin Rosislavich smololenky.
Mutuwa
A 1262, Alexander nevsy ya tafi Horde don ƙoƙarin hana yakin Tatar. Sabbin mamayewa sun tsokani kisan Gatherers na Dani a Suzdal, Rostov, Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl da Vladimir. A cikin Daular Mongolian, yariman ya faɗi da muhimmanci, kuma ya koma Rasha riga yana mutuwa.
Bayan dawo da gida, Alexander Nevsky yana da ɗan ƙaramin rantsuwa da abubuwan da aka yi wa orthodox a ƙarƙashin sunan Alexy. Godiya ga wannan aikin, kazalika saboda gazawar ta yau da kullun, Papand na Roman ya ɗauki Katolika, babban dutsen Duke Alexander ya zama yariman malamin Rasha da kuka fi so. Haka kuma, a cikin 1543, da Church na Orthodox ya katse shi a fuskar mai mamakin.
Alexander Nevsky ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1263, aka binne shi a gidan mahaifin Kirsimeti a Vadimir. A cikin 1724, Sarkin 1724, Sarkin Sarki ya umarce da ikon karfin ikon Mai Tsarki a cikin Alexander Nevsky sufi na gida a St. Petersburg. An sanya wannan dutsen a matsayin Prince a kan square mai suna bayan Alexander Nevsky kafin ya shiga Lavra. An gabatar da wannan abin tunawa a hoto a cikin tarihi da wallafukan tarihi da mujallu.
An san wannan wani ɓangare na kayan tarihin Alexander Nevsky yana cikin haikalin Alexander Nevsky a Sofia (Bulgaria), da kuma a cikin tsarin zato na Vadimir. A shekara ta 2011, hoton da aka ba da wani lamari na relics ne zuwa ga Alexander Nevsky haikalin Ulal Shurala. Icon na St. Albashi ya albarkaci Yarima Alexander Nevsky za a iya samu sau da yawa a cikin gidan ibada na Rasha.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Babban nasarar sojan soja Alexander ya yi nasara a matasan nasa. A lokacin da na Nevskaya yakin yaƙi, kwamandan ya yi shekara 20, kuma a lokacin Ice Pasul, yariman ya kasance shekara 22. Bayan haka, Nevsky an dauki wani dan siyasa da jami'in diflomasiyya, amma mafi yawa ta zama mai bayyanawa. Domin rai, yariman Baki ba ya rasa yaƙi guda.
- Alexander Nevsky shine kawai mai mulkin Orthodox na kowa a cikin Turai da a Rasha, waɗanda ba su ci gaba da sasantawa tare da cocin Katolika na neman kulawa.
- Bayan rasuwar mai mulki, "Labari na rayuwa da kuma game da ƙarfin hali da kuma babban yarima da girma Alexander" ya bayyana, aikin rubutu na rubutu na gannawar sauti, wanda aka kirkira a cikin shekarun 1980 na karni na 1980 na karni na 1980 na karni na 1980 na karni na 1980 na karni na XIIGOraphic. Ana ɗauka cewa tarihin "tashin hankali na Alexander Nevsky" an aiwatar da shi a cikin gidan kula da Natight, inda aka binne gawar Yarima.
- Game da Alexandra Nevsky sau da yawa sun ƙunshi fina-finai. A shekara ta 1938, sanannen fim ne aka saki, da ake kira Alexander Nevsky. Sergey Eisenstein ya zama babban darektan zanen, da kuma Cantata "Alexander Nevsky" an kirkireshi ga Choir da kuma Orster tare da Orchestra Stomener Provoser Sergey Prokofie Prodofie Prodofie na Soviet.
- A cikin 2008, sunan "sunan Rasha" ya faru. Wakilan tashar talabijin ta Jiha "Russia ta shirya taron 'Russia" tare da Cibiyar Kwalejin Kimiyyar Rasha ta Kimiyya ta Rasha ta Rasha ta Kimiyya ta Rasha ta Rasha na ilimin kimiyyar Rasha.
- Masu amfani da cibiyar sadarwa suna zaɓar "sunan Rasha" daga jerin shugabannin "shugabannin manyan shugabannin" biyar. A sakamakon haka, gasa kusan ta kusan ƙare abin kunya, saboda Joseph Stalin ya ɗauki babban matsayi. Masu shirya sun ce 'Spemers "an ba su kuri'un da yawa don kwaminisanci. A sakamakon haka, Alexander nevsky da ake kira da jami'in hukuma. A cewar mutane da yawa, shi ne adadi na Novgorod Prince wanda zai shirya jama'ar Orthodox, da kiɓinci na Tlavophili, da kuma masoshin tarihin Rasha.