Tari
Aristotle tsohuwar ce ta Helenanci, ɗalibin Plato, bayan lokacin da ya shiga da shi a cikin rigima, wanda ya kafa Makarantar Makarantar Makarantar Mataimakin Macefeonsky. Gudummawarsa ga kimiyyar kimiyya ce. Fiye da milleloper 2, masana kimiyyar Falrosoper suna jin daɗin yadda aka kirkira wanda ya kirkira, ra'ayoyinta ya kafa tushen ilimin kimiyyar halitta. Legacyungiyar Aristotle ta haɗa da littattafan kusan 50 waɗanda suka sauko mana godiya ga ƙoƙarin ɗalibansa da mabiyansa.Yaro da matasa
Aristotle an haife shi a cikin birnin Stagir, wanda yake a cikin mulkin mallaka na Girka. Saboda sunayen birni na asali, bayan haka ana kiran Aristotle Aristotle Stagirsky. Ya zo daga Daular Healke. Mahaifinsa Nikomiah wani likita ne na kotun na Maadononiya Sarki Aminte III. Mahaifiyar Festideo tana da asali mai daraja.
Tun a cikin iyali, an canja magani daga tsara zuwa tsara, babu wanda zai yi likita da daga ɗansa. Saboda haka, daga washegari, ya koya wa yaran dabbobi na magunguna na magani, har da falsafar, wadda aka ɗauki 'yan Helossopy, wanda Helossopy, wanda Helenspher da aka yi la'akari da kimiyya na kimiyya ga kowane shekar. Amma an ƙaddara tsare-tsaren mahaifinsa da za a cika. Aristotle farkon marayu kuma an tilasta barin yin takara.
Da farko, saurayi mai shekaru 15 ya tafi zuwa Mal Asiya zuwa mai kula da wakili, kuma a cikin BC. Ns. zauna a Athens, inda ya zama dalibi na Plato. Aristotle ya yi karatu ba wai kawai siyasa ce da kuma kwararar da falsafa ba, har ma duniya na dabbobi da tsirrai. A cikin duka, ya zauna a makarantar kimiyya na kimanin shekaru 20.
Kafa a matsayin mai tunani, Aristotle ya ki koyar da koyarwar mai ba da shawara game da ra'ayoyin da difembodied wasu abubuwa. Marubucin masanin ilimin falo ya gabatar da ka'ida - na farko na siffar da kwayoyin halitta da ruhu mara iyaka daga jiki. Hoton masu tunani biyu, jagoran gargajiya, mai yaduwa, na Renaissance - Rafael Santi a kan Madrid "Makarantar Athens".
A cikin 345 BC Aristotle ya fita zuwa tsibirin Lesbos, a cikin birnin Mitu, saboda kisan abokin nasa Hermia, kuma wani tsohon dalibi ne na Plato, wanda ya fara yaki da Farisa.
Bayan shekaru 2, Aristotle ya tafi Makidoniya, inda Sallan Filibus ya gayyace shi ya ba da magaji - Alexander mai shekaru 13. Lokacin tarihin rayuwar mai tunani, wanda ya sadaukar ne ga horar da shahararren kwamandan na nan gaba, ya dauki kusan 8 shekaru. Bayan dawowa ga Atina, Aristotle ya kafa makarantar falsafar da aka yi wa falsafa "Lickey", wanda aka san shi da makarantar belipateetic.
Koyarwar falsafa
Aristotle Kimiyya ta Kimiyya a Karshe, mai amfani da kuma ƙirƙira. Ya yi magana da kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi da kuma metaphysics. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin, bisa ga falsafa, a cewar an yi masa nazarin saboda ilimin kanta. Zuwa na biyu - siyasa da ɗabi'a, tunda godiya gare su rayuwar ana gina ta. Zuwa na ƙarshe, ya danganta kowane nau'in fasaha, wawaye da rhetoric.
Babban sandar koyarwar Atistotle ana ganin su ne 4 babba na asali: kwayoyin halitta ("menene" daga menene "), da yake samar da dalilin (" menene), daga ina "). Ya danganta da waɗannan ya samo asali, ya ƙayyade ayyukan da abubuwan da ke da kyau ko kisan gilla.
Da bakin ciki ya zama wanda ya kafa tsarin tsarin tsarin. Sun sanya adadi 10: ainihi, inganci, hali, hali, wuri, matsayi, aiki, matsayi, aiki da wahala. Duk abubuwa ana rarraba su zuwa ilimin rashin sani, duniyar tsirrai da rayayyun halittu, duniyar dabbobi da mutum.
Daga cikin ra'ayoyin Aristotle ya fara samar da asali na asali da lokaci a matsayin abin da 'yanci da tsarin dangantaka da aka kirkira ta hanyar abubuwa yayin hulɗa.
Don ƙarni masu zuwa, nau'ikan na'urorin jihohi sun dace, wanda aka bayyana Aristotle. Hoton mafi kyawun jihar, Falsafofer ya gabatar a cikin wannan "siyasa". Dangane da ka'idar zurfin tunani, ana aiwatar da mutum a cikin al'umma, kamar yadda rayuwar ba kawai ga kansa ɗaya ba.
Tare da wasu mutane, jini, jini, abokantaka da sauran shaidu suna ɗaure shi. Manufar ƙungiyoyin fararen hula ba ta da wadatar tattalin arziki da kuma ɓangaren mutane, yawan amfanin duniya, "eyarmonic". Zai yiwu ne kawai saboda matakan rayuwa ta hanyar Dokar Jama'a da Dokokin halin kirki.
Yana haskakawa 3 tabbatacce kuma 3 mara kyau sigogin hukumar. Zuwa ga hannun dama, yana fuskantar burin mai kyau na gari mai kyau, ya danganta wani abu mai mahimmanci, 'yan lissafi da siyasa. Zuwa ga ba daidai ba, yana fuskantar manufofin masu zaman kansu na mai mulki, ya danganta zalunci da dimokiradiyya.
Fafoshin Falsafa ya taɓa shafa da fage. Mai tausanin nasa ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da ci gaban tsarin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin abun da "meloss". Sai kawai farkon wannan aikin ya kai wannan ranar, na biyun, mai yiwuwa, dauke da bayanai game da tsarin wani tsohon ɗan Girka mai ban dariya. Tunatarwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Artustle a gaba, Aristotle yana gabatar da ra'ayin wanzuwar kwaikwayon abin kwaikwin mutum, wanda yake halayyar mutum kuma yana ba shi dadi.
Wani muhimmin labarin wani muhimmin labarin an kira falsafar "game da rai". A cikin bidin, Aristotle ya bayyana batutuwan da suka shafi rayuwar da ke da alaƙa da rayuwar kowane halitta, tantance bambanci cikin wanzuwar mutum, dabba da tsirrai. Hakanan anan, falsafa yana bayyana hankula 5 (tabo, ƙanshi, jita-jita, dandano da hangen nesa (don ci gaba, ji, ji, ji, ji, ji, ji, ji, ji, ji da tunani).
Bugu da kari, Aristotle ya gudanar da karatu da tunani kan dukkan kimiyyar da ake samu a lokacinsa. Ya bar aiki a cikin dabaru, kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin taurari, ilmin taurari, Falsafa, 'yan'uwa, yaren harshe, siyasance da rhetoric. Tarin ayyukan da aka yi wa falsafa aka kira shi "Aristotelian Corps".
Rayuwar sirri
Za'a iya yanke halin masanin masanin ta hanyar wasu abubuwan tunawa da zamaninsa. A cewar mabiyan Plato, Aristotle bai hana tunanin motsin zuciyarmu ba lokacin da shari'ar ta shafi sabuwar falsafar. Wata rana, mai zurfi ma ya yi jayayya da wani mai jagoranci da wuya a fara nisanta taron tare da ɗalibin.
Game da rayuwar mutum na zuriyar zuriyar ta kasance mai ƙarancin bayani. An san cewa Aristotle yana da mata mata biyu da yara biyu. A cikin 347 BC E., da shekara 37, Aristotle ya yi aure Pythiad, Aristotle ya auri Pythiad, Aristotle ya dauki 'yar kungiyar Hermia, Tiranasos a cikin Tirana. Aristotle da Pofafia suna da 'yar Pythiad. Bayan mutuwar mata ta farko, falsafar fara da ciyawa tare da Herpelonda, wanda ya ba shi magaji - ɗan Nikomakh.
Mutuwa
Bayan mutuwar Alexander Macedonsky, Buntana a kan mamayar Macedoniyanci suna karuwa a Athens, kuma a matsayin wani malami malami Alexander, da rashin damuwa. Falsafar ta bar Athens, kamar yadda ya zaci yiwuwar maimaita makomar Sojojin - guba. Kalmar "Ina so in ceci ANaphenan daga sabon laifi da aka aikata da Falsafa" ya zama sanannen abin da ya faɗi.
Thinker yana motsawa zuwa birnin Halkis a tsibirin Tsibiri. Don nuna wajan Attotle ga goyon bayansa, da yawa yawan daliban sa. Amma Falsafa bai yi tsawo ba. Watanni 2 bayan sake saitawa, ya mutu a shekaru 62 na rayuwa daga cutar ciki mai rauni, wanda kwanan nan ya azabtar dashi.
Bayan mutuwar mai jagoranci, makarantarsa "ta kasance ta kasance ta hanyar sadaukarwa da aka sadaukar, wanda ya bunkasa koyarwar Aristotle game da Botanic, kiɗan, tarihin falsafa. Ya kula da adana ayyukan masu tunani.
Ayyukan Falsafa
- "Kategorien"
- "Likita"
- "Game da sama"
- "A kan sassan dabbobi"
- "Game da rai"
- "Mawavysics"
- "Nikomakhova xaus"
- "Siyasa"
- "Waƙoƙi"