Tari
Nvan Grozny - Sarkar farko ta dukkan Russia, sanannen saboda rashin cin amana da hanyoyin da suka shafi gwamnati. Duk da wannan, ana ɗaukar sarautarsa mahimmanci ga jihar, wanda, godiya ga manufofin kasashen waje na Trozny, ya zama mai yawa a yankinta. Sarki na Rasha na farko ya zama mai ƙarfi kuma yana da matukar ruken cimma wani mulki na siyasa a cikin jihar, wanda ba ya cika da kisan kai, out da ta'addanci ga kowace biyayya.Yaro da matasa
Ivan Grozny (Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivilliic) an haife shi (Ivan Ivic Vasilyevich) a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1530 a ƙauyen na Vasily III Rurikovich da Yariman Lithuan. Shi ne babban heretan daga mahaifansa, saboda haka ya zama kursiyin farko na Uba, wanda ya kamata ya canza zuwa nasarar yawancin rinjaye. Amma dole ne ya zama Sarkind sarki na duk Russia a shekara 3, tun lokacin da ta kamu da rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. Bayan shekaru 5, mahaifiyar ta mutu a makomar sarki, sakamakon wanda yake yana da shekaru 8 ya kasance marayu duka marayu.
Yarencin na Matashin yarinyar da ke cikin yanayin Vareps, gwagwarmaya mai matukar wahala ga iko, interguee, wanda aka kafa a Ivan mutumin da mummunan halin wahala. Bayan haka, la'akari da kararrakin da ba ya fahimtar yaran, da amintattun suka kashe abokan sa na gaba da kuma hana abinci da sutura. Ya tayar da rashin ƙarfi da mugunta a ciki, wanda a cikin matasa shekaru ke bayyana a cikin sha'awar farauta dabbobi, kuma a nan gaba da kuma gwamnatocin Rasha.
A wancan lokacin, kasar Belied ne da shugabannin Beliek da Shui, Mikhail Mikhail Vorontsov da dangi na Mai Gudanarwa na gaba akan Mantnsky hakkin. An yi mulkinsu ga dukkan Rus tare da kyakkyawan kalubale ta dukiyar jihar, wanda Ivan Groznny ya fahimci hakan a fili.
A cikin 1543, ya fara nuna kariya daga Normov, ya ba da umarnin kashe Andrei Shuisky. Daga nan sarki ya fara jin tsoron sarki, to, wutar da ke bisa ga Mkininsky, wadda ta zama duk ƙarfin da ke cikin fata a ciki.
A lokaci guda, Sarki na gaba ya sadaukar da lokaci mai yawa don samun ilimi mai yawa, karanta littattafai da yawa, wanda ya sanya shi mafi mahimmancin mulkin waɗannan lokuta. A lokaci guda, kasancewa mai ɗaukar garkuwa da mutane masu mulki, ya ƙi dukkanin duniya, kuma ba wanda Unlail iko a kan mutane, wanda ya sa kowane dokoki na ɗabi'a.
Hukumar da Gyara
A cikin 1545, lokacin da Ivan Grozny ya kai shekaru masu yawa, ya zama babban sarki. Hukuncinsa na farko shine sha'awar yin aure ga Mulkin, wanda ya ba shi hakkin mallakar mallakar al'adun al'adun Orthodox. A lokaci guda, wannan gidan sarauta ya zama da amfani ga manufofin kasashen waje na kasar, kamar yadda ya yiwu a dauki wani matsayi a cikin huldar diflomasiyya da Yammacin Turai da kuma cancanci Rasha a farkon jihohin.
Daga kwanakin farko na mulkin Ivan da mummunan mulkin Ivan mummunan yanayin, ana samun canje-canje da yawa a cikin jihar, wanda ya ci gaba tare da wanda aka fara, lokacin da dukiyar ta fadi a cikin hannunsa zuwa sarkin daya.
Na gaba shekaru 10 masu zuwa, tsarwar duk Rasha da aka sadaukar don sake fasalin duniya - Ivan Grozny ya gudanar da gyaran Zemkoy, wanda ya kirkiro sabon wakilin shari'a, wanda ya karɓi 'yancin dukkan mashahurai da' yan kwalliya, gabatar da su Maimaitawa, wanda ya amince da ikon mujallar da gwamnoni a cikin yarda da mutunci.
A cikin 1550, shugaban ya ba da "zaɓaɓɓun" dubu Moscow na ƙasa tsakanin 70 km daga babban birnin Rasha da kafa sojojin titi, waɗanda ke dauke da bindigogi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke dauke da bindigogi. An nuna wannan lokacin game da dalilan ƙanana da haramcin hana zuwa Rasha 'yan kasuwar Yahudawa.
Manufofin kasashen waje na Ivan mummunan aiki a farkon jirgin ya cika da yaƙe-yaƙe mai yawa, wadanda suka yi nasara sosai. Da kansa ya halarci kamfen din kuma ya riga ya mallaki Kazan da Astrakhan, kuma bayan wani ɓangaren filayen Siberian sun shiga Rasha. A cikin 1553, Sarki ya fara shirya alakar ciniki da Ingila, kuma bayan shekaru 5 ya shiga yaƙin tare da babban mahimmin Lithuan, wanda ya sha wahala da babbar rundunonin Rasha.
Bayan ya rasa yakin, Ivan Grozny ya fara neman wa annan laifin a cikin shan kashi, ya yage Hormak da kisan da ba ya goyon bayan siyasarsa.
Oprichnina
Hukumar Ivan mummunan matakin na biyu shima ya kara karfi da jini. A cikin 1565, ya gabatar da wani nau'i na musamman na gwamnati, sakamakon wanda aka rarraba kashi biyu - Opricnin da kasar. Ochrichniki, wanda ya rantse wa sarki wanda ya rantse wa sarki, ya faɗi ƙarƙashin cikakkiyar rashi kuma ba zai iya sadarwa da ƙasashen da sarki ba.
A cikin estates na Okrichnina, sojojin da yawa sun taru a wannan hanyar, wanda Ivan Grozny ya 'yanta daga nauyi. An basu damar shirya fashi da pogoms na boyi da karfi, kuma a batun tsayayya da juriya an ba su damar yin rashin tsaro kuma suka kashe kowa da kowa ba wanda ya saba da motar.
A cikin 1571, lokacin da Crimean Khan-Garyra ya mamaye Rasha, OKRICHNA ta nuna cikakkiyar illa ga kare jihar - Sarki ya yi nasarar ba shi Tattara ɗaya kawai, wanda ba zai iya tsayayya da sojojin Crimean Khan ba. A sakamakon haka, Ivan Grozny ta soke da OPRICHNIN, dakatar da kashe mutane har ma sun ba da umarnin tara jerin mutane da aka zartar da su har su fi so a cikin gidajen ibada.
Sakamakon mulkin Ivan da mummunar mummunar ta zama rushewar tattalin arzikin kasar da babbar babbar yaƙi a yakin Livonian, wanda, a cewar rayuwarsa. Memonka ya fahimci cewa ta hanyar tuki ƙasar, ya sanya kurakurai da yawa ba wai a cikin ciki ba, har ma a ƙarshen kwamitin ya tilasta Ivan mummunan.
A wannan lokacin, ya sa wani laifi na jini kuma a lokacin da aka lalata da gangan ya kashe ɗan nasa kuma za a iya kawai yarjejeniyar da za ta samu a Ivan Ivanovich. Bayan haka, sarki yana matsananc jiki har ma yana son zuwa ga gidan sufi.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar mutum na Ivan da mummunan mummunan rauni shima kuma mai cikakken ne, da kuma a hannunsa. Dangane da masana tarihi, Sarkin farko na duk Rasha ya yi aure sau bakwai. Matar ta farko da mulkin sarki akwai Anastasia Zarharin-Yuryev, wanda ya yi aure a 1547. Fiye da shekaru 10 na aure, Sarauniya ta haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga abin da Ivan da Fedor suka tsira.
Bayan Anastasia ya mutu a cikin 1560, Ivan Grozny ya auri 'yar Kabardiya Maria Cherkasy. A cikin shekarar farko ta aure na aure tare da Mulkin aure, matar aure ta haife shi Sonan, wanda ya mutu a wata daya. Bayan haka, sha'awar Ivan mummunan mummunan matar sa ta bace, kuma bayan shekaru 8, Mariyaya kanta ya mutu.
Matar ta uku daga Ivan Dogin ita ce 'yar Kolomna Nebleman. Bikin aurensu ya faru a cikin 1571. Auren na uku na sarki ya ɗauki kwanaki 15 kawai - Maria ta mutu saboda dalilai da ba a sansu ba. Bayan watanni 6, sarki ya sake yin aure Anna Kolovskaya. Wannan aure ya kasance ba su da haihuwa, kuma a cikin shekarar rayuwar iyali ta kasance, sarki ya kammala mata ga gidan sufi, inda ta mutu a shekara ta 1626.
Matar ta biyar ta wurin sarki ta zama molgoruk, wanda ya nutsar da wani kandami bayan a ba da mamaki na farko, kamar yadda ya koya cewa sabon matarsa ba budurwa ba ce. A shekarar 1975, ya sake yin aure Anna Vasilchikova, da ita ba za a yi dogon ci gaba ba, da magabata, ya sha wahala ya ci gaba da cin nasara a gidan sujallu, wanda ake zargin ya ci nasara da sarki.
Na karshen, da matar ta bakwai ta yi mummunan mummunan hakan Mariya Nagaaya, wacce ta auri shi a cikin 1580. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Dmithich Dmitry ya haifi Tsarevich, wanda ya mutu a shekaru 9. Maryamu bayan mutuwar mijinta, an fitar da sabon sarki zuwa Uglich, kuma bayan an toni a cikin Nun. Ta zama adadi mai nauyi a tarihin Rasha kamar mahaifiyar Falsmria, wanda ɗan gajeren kwamitin ya kasance cikin wahala.
Mutuwa
Mutuwar Sarki na farko na duk Russia Grozny ya zo a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1584 a Moscow. Mai mulkin ya mutu bayan darajan Chess daga fadada Osteophytes, wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun tabbatar dashi kusan gyarawa. Rashin damuwa, wani salon rayuwa mara tausayi da wannan kyakkyawar faɗakarwa ta yi tsawan Arezan cikin shekaru 53 da ya kai ga irin wannan mutuwa.An binne Grozny Grozny kusa da Deanansa Ivan a cikin akwatin alkawarin Cathedral, wanda ke cikin Moscow Kremlin. Bayan binnewa, sarki ya fara bayyana magaradai da Sarki ya mutu da tashin hankali, ba mutum ne na halitta ba. TAR Littafi Mai Tsarki cewa Ivan Grozny ya kwashe guba na Boris Appunv, wanda a bayansa ya zama shugaban Rasha.
An bincika sigar guba na farkon Mulark a 1963 a bude magabatan magabatan - masu binciken ba su samu ba a ragowar abubuwan da ketare, don haka masu binciken Grozny ba a tabbatar ba. A daular daular, Rurikovichich gaba gaba ya tsaya, kuma a ƙasar ya fara lokacin da ba a saba ba.
Tunani
Don haka adadi na tarihi mai haske ba zai iya haifar da amfanin ƙarni masu zuwa ba. Game da zamanin sarki Ivan Grozny, littattafai da yawa an rubuta, da yawaitar fina-finai da nunin TV na fina-finai, duka takardu da fasaha.
Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan manyan fim ɗin suna ɗaukar babban tsar Tsar shi ne hoton mahaifiyar "Grozny", an saki a 2020. Alexander Yatseko ya taka rawar Ivanko a matasan nasa, Tatyana Lyalina ta yi aiki a matsayin matattara ta farko ta Areuznasia Romanovna. Arthur Ivanov, Konstantin Kryukov, Lyudmila Polyakova da sauran 'yan wasan sun kuma yi fim a cikin jerin.