Tari
Winston Churchill yana daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma bambance bambancen siyasa na karni na XX. Ayyukansa ga Burtaniya da duk siyasar duniya sun kasance masu mahimmanci, amma a cikin al'adar zamani an kiyasta: wasu sha'awar kansa da matsayi, bisa ga abin da zai mallaki duniya Farin Farin
Duk da cewa cewa Churchill ya yi yaƙi da mulkin mallaka a fagen fama da mulkin, wanda ya yi magana a cikin shekarun mulkin sa, da ke da tsarin mulki na hukumar A Italiya da USSR.
Winston Leonard Spence Churchill da aka haife shi ne a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1874 a cikin gidan Herzboro, a cikin fadar Badiyo. Iyayensa sun zama mutane masu tasiri da masu tasiri, Yahweh Randolph Henry, sanannen baitulmalin da Biritaniya ne, da kuma mahaifiyar garin Jenny 'yar ɗan kasuwa ce mai arziki.
Dan siyasar mai zuwa ya zama ɗan fari a cikin iyali, amma ya hana hankalin iyaye, kuma ya kasance cikin mahaifinsa koyaushe cikin aikin siyasa, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yanke rayuwar da ta saba tsawon lokacinsa. Sabili da haka, ilimin matasa na Winston ya shiga Nanny Elizabetheth Anny Eliyer, wanda ya zama mafi kusanci ga mutumin Churchill mutum.
Nan da nan bayan da farko, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya ya zama memba na "mafi girma a gaba na wani matsayi, wanda zai iya mamaye shi zuwa aikin siyasa mai haske, yayin da masu nuna martani ba su da hakkin shiga gidan Al'ummomi da kuma gwamnatin kasar. Amma, kamar yadda ya juya, Winston ya zama wakilin layin cocin da ke kan coci, wanda ya ba shi damar zama babban ɗan siyasa.
A shekaru bakwai, an aiko shi zuwa makarantar Saint George ta da, inda ƙari da kulawa ta kai kwatsam fiye da horo na makaranta. A cikin cibiyoyin ilimi, Winston ya nuna duk abin da ya so a koya da kuma yi la'akari da ka'idojin dokokin cikin gida, wanda aka saba da shi don tsayar da hankula. Bayan ziyarar da ya ziyarci kungiyar ta Nanny ta lura da jikin yaran da ke burge da bugun bugun haddi, ta nace kan canja wurin Churchill zuwa wata makaranta.
Amma a cikin makarantar Bright na 'yan'uwana Thomson, shi ma bai ƙaunaci karatun ta ba kuma shine ɗalibi na kwanan nan a cikin aji. Yana da shekara 12, Matasan Winston ya fara mummunan matsalolin kiwon lafiya - ya hau cikin kumburin huhu, wanda ya raunana dukkan jikinsa. A wannan batun, bai shiga cikin cibiyoyin gargajiya na ilimi ga mutanen dan kasar Malbbo a cikin Iton ba, kuma ya shiga kwaleji mai daraja wanda yake a cikin tsawa. Irin wannan zabi da aka yi saboda wurin yanki na jami'o'i.
Amma a nan Churchlill ya ci gaba da nuna cikakken rashin fahimta game da batutuwan ilimi - ya yi nazarin cewa yana da damuwa, kuma komai ya yi watsi da shi gaba daya tare da dagewa. Sabili da haka, a cikin 1889, an fassara shi cikin aji na sojoji, a cikin tsarin koyar da shi ya mai da hankali ne ga shari'ar soja.
A nan ne daga kalubalen jam'iyyar Winston ya juya zuwa ɗalibi mai ƙwauri. Ya sami damar zama daya daga cikin 12 na kammala karatun wannan makarantar da suka kasa wucewa ta karshe da za ta shigar da makarantar soja mafi martaba, wanda ya kammala karatun karamar karamar karamar gwiwa.
Aikin soja
A cikin shekarar 1895, a karshen makarantar soja, ya yi rajista a cikin Gobin Register na 4 na gusar, amma bayan wani dan kankanin lokaci na lura cewa aikin soja bai ja hankalinsa ba. Godiya ga dangantakar mahaifiyarsu, ta lokacin da ya mutu lokacin da ya sami wata rarrabawa ga Cuba, inda aka nada shi takaddun sojisci, inda aka nada shi wani wakilin soja, a inda aka sanya shi a kan ainihin aikin soja. Digut a cikin aikin jarida ya kawo manufar daraja da kuma sadaukar da jama'a, sannan kuma a basu izinin samun wani muhimmin kudi a adadin 25 da.
Baya ga ɗaukakar da albashi tare da Cuba Church ya kawo halaye biyu na rayuwa - shan sigari na hutawa, bayar da na yamma. A shekarar 1896, ya ci gaba da tafiyar da aikinsa na jaridar kuma an tura shi Indiya, sannan kuma zuwa Misira. Anan Churchill ya nuna duk karfin fama na fama - ban da hasken al'amuran, da da kaina ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, na na kasancewar jami'in nasa.
Siyasa
A cikin 1899, Winston Churchillill ya yanke shawarar murabus da sadaukar da kansa zuwa siyasa. A lokacin da ya riga ya kasance sanannen dan jaridar, saboda haka ya lissafa kan goyon bayan jama'a. Yunkurin farko da ya shiga majalisa a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun zama gazawa - masu jefa ƙuri'a suna zaɓin masu sassaucin ra'ayi.
Bayan an cire shi a lokacin siyasa, Churchillill za ta sake tafiya zuwa tafiyar jaridar. A wannan karon an aiko shi zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, a kan sararin samaniya wanda yakin Anglo-Boan ya bayyana.
A can aka kama shi zuwa abokan adawar, daga inda aka sanya wani babban mai yawa, wanda ya zama rabin tauraron dan adam a matsayin manufofin: Masu jefa kuri'a sun yi masa cewa "jarabawar siyasa". A lokaci guda, ya yanke shawarar komawa fagen daga filin, inda ya ci gaba da yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na ya ceci maharan daga tsohon gidansa.
Kasadar mai ƙarfi na Chrisllus ya ba shi damar komawa ƙasarsu na gaske - zai iya sauƙin shiga cikin ɗakunan da ke cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa. A wannan shekarar, ya buga aikin adali, da kuma labari "Savroll", wanda, a cewar masana tarihi, dan siyasa, dan siyasa a matsayin babban halayyar da kansa.
Tun daga 'yan kwanaki na farko a majalisar, Winston Churchill ya yi magana da kaifi zargi a kan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Levist Lisech Chomhernan Liziph Chamban. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Firayim Ministan Burtaniya ya bar jam'iyyar Conservative ta gaba a cikin shekaru 4 kuma ta koma hannun sassauci - Wannan matakin ya ba shi damar ɗaukar matakala ta siyasa.
Da farko, ya zama mataimakin ministan mazauna, to, an nada shi a gidan ministan kasuwanci, bayan da ya karbi matsayi na Ministan Cikin Gida, kuma bayan shekarar shekara ce Chadan Curch ya zama mafi Matasa ɗan siyasa ne ya mamaye mafi tasiri a Biritaniya.
Bayan da ya kai Ma'aikatar Sojojin Sama, Winston Churchill ta ce da babbar murya: Dangane da laifinsa a yakin duniya na farko, aikin soja a Derdanarlel ne ya mutu.
Don haka, ƙoƙarin faɗakar da laifinsa, ɗan siyasa ya yi murabus da sanya hannu ta hanyar mai sa kai zuwa gaban. A cikin 'yan shekaru, lokacin da "sha'awar" a kusa da Dredwanhell ta kasance da nutsuwa, wanda kuma ba ya iya furta kansa, saboda haka ya tilasta shi ya dauki "siyasa ne Break "shekaru da yawa, gaba daya tashi daga 'yan siyasa.
Firayim Ministan Burtaniya
Komawa ga manufar Winston Churchill din da aka yi alama da farkon yakin duniya na II, lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye Poland, bayan da Uniter din ya ayyana Adolf Hitler Hitler. An gabatar da shi ya zama Ubangijin farko na gargajiya, tare da 'yancin jefa kuri'a a majalissar har abada a cikin kasarsa kuma ya kasance daga cikin mutane kenan, bisa ga hukuma, a cewar hukumomi zuwa Nasara.
Mayar da hankali a hannunsa duk babban levers na yawan sojojin kasar, wanda aka yi nufin yanke hukunci kan yaki da Hitler na Jamus kuma ya zama Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, duk da haka, a cikin mawuyacin lokacin Ingila. Amma yanke hukunci, juriya da kimanta masu sober ta ba da nasarar yaki da nasara tare da Amurka da kuma USSR.
Kasancewa abokin adawa mai haske na Bolshevism, Churchill tsakanin Hitler da Stalin ya zaɓi na karshen, tunda ba shi da sauran fitarwa. A watan Mayun 1942, yana tare da shugabannin Amurka da Rasha na Franklin Roosevelt da Joseph Stalinph Stalter ", wanda ke tantance sunan 'yancin tattalin arziki da siyasa a cikin lamarin Al'umma bayan nasara a yakin duniya na II.
Bayan ta a shekarar 1945, shugabannin manyan Biritaniya, Amurka da kuma kungiyar ta gudanar da Taron Yalta, wanda ya ƙaddara taswirar siyasa ta duniya a lokacin yakin. Sannan shugabannin "babban Troika" ya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a raba Jamus 4, Bekovina da Karelia sun koma zuwa USSR. A lokaci guda, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi alkawarin shiga cikin yakin tare da Japan, wacce ta karɓi kudu da tsibirin Kuril.
Nan da nan a karshen yakin duniya na biyu, duk duniya ta raba tsarin siyasa biyu, kuma Church ya fara kiran a hannun jari na gabas don kammala "shaƙa" na Bolshevism. Amma a wancan lokacin dole ne ya bar babban manufar, tunda a cikin shekaru na baya a Burtaniya, babban matsalolin tattalin arziki ya fara, bashin kasashen waje ya girma da kuma dangantakar kasashen waje ta girma da dangantakar kasashen waje da makwabta sun lalace. Wannan ya haifar da shan kashi na Winston Churchill a cikin zaben majalisar, kuma ya yi murabus.
A wancan lokacin, ya shugabanci adawa da gwamnati, amma kusan bai bayyana a gidan commons, da kansa ga ayyukan rubutu ba. A shekara ta 1951, yana da shekara 76, Winston Church kuma ya zama ya zama Firayim Minista na Burtaniya da shekaru 4 masu biyowa na kasar. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata game da ayyukansa na siyasa, ya sadaukar da manufofin kasashen waje tare da kara dan ma'abta makaman nukiliyar kasar, da fatan dawo da wutar soja ta Biritaniya tare da hakan. A matsayinta na kiwon lafiya, da aka tilasta wa dan siyasa dan kwallon kafa na Britize ya ba da a fare kuma tafi daga post na farko tare da duk girmamawa.
Rayuwar sirri
An kwatanta rayuwar Winston ta Winston Churchill da aka kwatanta da masana tarihi da yawa tare da "kyakkyawar soyayya." Babban dan siyasar Burtaniya ya hadu da ƙaunar rayuwarsa a 1908 kuma ya auri zaɓaɓɓu. Ta zama Clementine hozier, 'yar London aristocrats. Tare da matarsa, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya ya yi farin ciki shekaru 57 - ta zama mafi kyawun abokin aikinta, tun bayan amincewar ta siyasa ce ta yanke shawara muhimman hukunci.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa matar matar ta kasance tana haifar da shekaru 11, wanda aka dauke babban bambanci a cikin waɗancan lokutan, ta iya zama mutum kadai ya sami damar magance halin kaifi na cocin . Clementine ya ba da haihuwar yara biyar, kowannensu yana da kyawu da kuma ƙaunataccen ƙaunatattun su daga iyayenta. Bayan mutuwar firayim na Burtaniya ya ci gaba da kiran shi wani miji mai kyau, duk da cewa shi ya kasance mawuyacin shan sigari da dan wasa, dare wanda ya ciyar a cikin gidan caca.
Burying Winston Churchill, Clementine ya rasa ma'anarta a rayuwa kuma a shirye take a cikin yakin mijinta na biyu, lokacin da ya yi kira ga Biritaniya "Babu wani yanayi." Wannan jawabin ne ya taimaka mata ta tsira daga asara kuma tsawon shekaru 12 masu zuwa don ci gaba da sakon da ba a sani ba na jagoran Burtaniya.
Mutuwa
Mutuwar Winston Churchill ya zo ne a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1965. Mafi Girma Briton a cikin duka tarihin kasar ƙasar ya mutu yana da shekara 90. Dalilin mutuwar tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya shi ne bugun jini, wanda aka kaiwa manufar ta farko. An gudanar da jana'izar Churchill a cikin tsarin jihohi a karkashin jagorancin Sarauniya Elizabeth II - mutane 10 ne kawai suka ba da mutane 10 irin wannan girmamawa ga tarihin Burtaniya.
Babban manufofin jana'izar sun zama mafi yawan sikelin a tarihin kasar, a matsayin wakilan kasashe 112 da dukkan mambobin kungiyar Soyayyar sun halarci shi. Tashoshin talakawa na Winston a duniya suna zaune, wanda ya ba kusan mutane miliyan 350 ta hanyar allo na TV.
A fatekcin cocin da kansa, aka binne shi a makabartar hillon makabarci na Cocin St. Martin, wanda yake kusa da mallakin mallaka. An yi karo da binnewa a gaban membobin dangi kawai da kuma kusanci Church.