Tari
Valery Chkalov shi ne gwajin kwayoyin gwajin Soviet, gwarzo na Soviet Union, wanda ya yi jirgin sama na farko ta hanyar Arewa ba ta Fari ta hanyar Arewa.
An haife shi ne a cikin 1904 a ƙauyen Vasilevo, wanda ke cikin lardin Nahigorod. Abin sha'awa, yanzu wannan wurin bai karba ba ne kawai matsayin garin, amma kuma sabon suna ne domin girmama girbi.
Iyayen Varyera sun yi sauki. Pavel Pavel Grigorievich ya yi aiki a matsayin Kotelcher a cikin jirgin ruwa, da Mama Irina Ivanovna ta shiga gida. Abin baƙin ciki, ta mutu lokacin da ɗanta yana ɗan shekara 6. Ba da daɗewa ba saurayin ya fara karatu a makaranta.
Darussan Chkalov bai nuna sha'awa ba da yawa, amma a cikin kwanakin farko akwai gwaninta game da ilimin lissafi, da izinin haddace bayanan da aka ji a zahiri gefen kunne. Bayan wajibai bakwai, Valery ya tafi makarantar fasaha ta Cherepovoss, amma ba zai yiwu a gama saurayi ba. Saboda rashin kudi, an yi amfani da makarantar.
Mutumin ya koma wurin mahaifinsa ya fara aiki a kan wuta a kan mai siyarwa. Babu wanda ya san yadda makomar gwarzo na Soviet za ta fara idan a cikin 1919 bai ga jirgin da idanunsa ba.
A kan Chkalov, kamar da wani abu ya danna, kuma ya fara nuna mafarkin ɗaurin rayuwarsa tare da jirgin sama. Yana da shekara 15, Valera, saboda gaskiyar cewa da yardar rai ya shiga cikin jerin gwanon Red Army, ya zama dalibi na makaman sata a masana'antar jiragen sama.
Daga baya, wani saurayi ya yi nazarin abubuwa da yawa a cikin cibiyoyin Sojan Sama. Ya zartar da makarantar Egoryevsky na soja, sannan kuma makarantar matukan jirgi ta jirgin sama, a karshen, ta kammala makarantar jirgin sama mai ban sha'awa, bam da kuma iska. A yayin horarwar Chkalov ya tashi akan dabarar daban-daban nau'ikan kuma ya karbi cancantar matukin jirgi.
Matuƙin jirgin sama
Aikin kwararren nasa ya fara ne a shekarar 1924. An aiko shi da bindiga a cikin jirgin ruwa zuwa Lenerad. Ya kamata a lura cewa Chkalov koyaushe ya banbanta ba kawai da ƙarfin zuciya ba, har ma da tsoro. Sau da yawa yana yin jiragen ruwa masu haɗari sosai, wanda ya maimaita shi akai-akai daga cikin shugabanni kuma ya kasance wanda ya yanke hukuncin da wani lokacin da aka yanke wa ranar daure.
Akwai wani labari, kodayake, ba buƙatar rubuce ba wanda Valery Chkalov ya tashi zuwa ga jayayya a karkashin gada ta Truiti gad. Amma babban nasarorin matukin jirgi ne gwajin sabbin masana'antar jirgin sama.
Misali, matukin jirgin yana bayan mai ɗaukar jigilar jirgin sama na cikin gida na farko kuma ya ɗauki jirgin ruwa na soja biyar a fuka-fukan da Fuselage. Don hidimarsa, ya kasance a kanti tare da masu zanen jirgin sama don karbar mafi girman lambobin yabo mafi girma, gami da umarnin Vladimir Lenin da jan tauraro.
Kasada
A shekara ta 1935, Valery Chkalov, tare da abokan aikinsa, George Baiukov da Alexander Belakov ne, ya yi zango daga kungiyar Soviet zuwa Amurka ta hanyar Arewa. Amma shugaban jihar Yusuf Stalin ya dakatar da wannan aikin, maye gurbin hanyar zuwa Moscow - Petrovlovsk-kamchatsy.
Wannan lokacin da aka gudanar da ƙungiyar ta hanyar ƙungiyar ba tare da wata matsala ba. Tsawon abin da ake kira "hanyar Stalin" ya fi kilomita dubu 9.
Don haka matukan jirgi an ba su taken gwarzo na Soviet Union, da Chkalov, kamar yadda kwamandan jirgin sama, ya zama fi so 'yan kasar kasar. Daga cikin gwamnati da aka gabatar tare da jirgin sama na mutum na alama U-2.
A kan mawuyacin mashahuri, Valery Pavlovich ya sake kasancewa zuwa Stalin tare da ba da shawara na asali kuma wannan lokaci ya sami kyau.
Kuma a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1937, Chkalov ya tashi tare da abokan gaba daga Moscow, kuma duk da mummunan yanayin hangen nesa, wanda ya yi nasarar isa ga garin Vancouver a kan lokaci, Washington. Flight ta hanyar Arewa Pole ya juya Chkalov a cikin gwarzo na jama'a, labari mai rai.
Rayuwar sirri
Yana da shekaru 23, dauke da sabis a cikin Leningrad, Valery Chkalov ya yi aure Orekhova, wanda da sana'a malami ne. A cikin wannan iyali, an haifi Ofan Ganan mahaifinsa, wanda ya shiga jirgi na mahaifinsa, ya kai taken Kanik. Af, da mata, da ɗan rubuta labarai da yawa da kuma littattafai da yawa game da babban dangi.
Chkalov kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu - Valeria da Olga. Haka kuma, mahaifiyar O'ara kuma ba ta taɓa gani ba, kamar yadda aka haife ta 'yan watanni bayan mutuwar sa.
Valery pavlovich shi ne mawallafin da yawa wanda ya bayyana game da abubuwan da ya nuna jiragen sa. Mafi mahimmanci daga ra'ayi na tarihi da fahimta shine "Sama da ƙasa. Labarun Petchik "da" transraming na transrow fta Moscow - Poan Arewa - Arewacin Amurka. "
Mutuwa
A karshen kaka na 1938, Valery Chkalov ya kasance cikin hutu ya cancanci, daga abin da ya kasance ba tsammani. Ba a shirya gwajin gaggawa da gaggawa ba na Fighelty "I-180". Jirgin gwaji ya kasance yana shirya a cikin babban sauri, tare da keta kusan duk matakan tsaro. A zahiri a kan Hauwa'u gwaji ne a cikin jirgin sama, kimanin lahani na 190 da aka saukar.
Mai haɓaka naúrar ya rubuta sama tare da zanga-zangar tashin hankali na jirgin sama. Amma an sanya gwaje-gwajen a Disamba 15, 1938, kuma ba a soke ko da ƙarancin zafin jiki na iska.
Fifi ba mara kyau bane, amma lokacin da jirgin yake a cikin saukowa, injin da ba zato ba tsammani ya tsaya. Harshen kakakinyar almara har yanzu ya sami damar sanya motar a wurin kyauta daga gidajen. Amma a ƙarshe lokacin jirgin sama ya cakuda shi don wayoyin lantarki, kuma matukin jirgin ya bashe kansa game da karfafa gwiwa.
Valery Chkalov daga raunin da aka samu ya mutu a cikin awanni biyu a asibitin Botkin. Bayan mutuwarsa, shugabannin da yawa na cunkoso an kama su kuma an same su da yanke shawara da kai tsaye a cikin mutuwar matukin jirgi.
Koyaya, mutane da yawa, ciki har da yara da tsofaffi, sun ci gaba da haɓaka madadin mutuwar mutuwar su.
Kalubale mai kaifi Valery Pavlovich daga hutu, sauri tare da tashi, da matsin lamba na gwamnati - duk wannan ya haifar da tuhuma da hannu a cikin Nkvd, da kuma wataƙila, Joseph Stalin da laveria Balria.
An yi tsoron 'yan gwamnati, ba ba tare da dalili ba ga mutanen Soviet, matukin jirgin zai zama adadi mafi mahimmanci fiye da kansu.
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Valeria Chkalov ya sanya mutane da yawa na biyu gumaka da kuma gumaka, ana kiran sunansa da tituna. Kuma, ba shakka, labarin almara na fim na gida. Yawancinsu sun shahara tare da masu sauraro, amma ba na kowa ya yarda da kowa ba.
Misali, jerin talabijin na talabijin na karshe "Chkalov", inda Actor Yevgeny dyattlov ya soki mahimmancin hoto, wanda ya soki masu kirkirar hoto, ya kasance mai tsauri da keɓantar halin asalinsu.