Tari
A cikin tattaunawar game da manyan mawakan na karni na 20, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ambaci aikin Yusufu Brodsky. Shine babban adadi a duniyar sawa. Brodsky yana da wahalar tunani - zalunci, rashin fahimta, kotu da tunani. Ya tura marubucin don barin a cikin Amurka, inda ya samu karbar jama'a.
Mofa-rashin sani Yusufu Brodsky an haife shi ne a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1940 a Lengrad. Mahaifin Yaron ya yi aiki da wani mai daukar hoto soja, mai lissafi. A lokacin da a cikin shekarun 1950 ke nan a cikin sahun jami'an, "" "tsaftace" na Yahudawa da aka gudanar a sahun jami'an, Uba ya koma aiki tare da wani jaridar.
Shekarun Yaran Yusufu ya zo daidai da yaƙi, toshewar Lenenrad, yunwa. Iyalin sun tsira, kamar daruruwan dubban mutane. A shekara ta 1942, mahaifiyarsa ta ɗauke Yusufu, ya kuma yi ta ƙaruwa. A cikin Leningrad, suka koma bayan yaƙi.
Brodsky ya jefa makaranta, da kyar ta hanyar zuwa aji 8. Ya so ya taimaka wa danginsa, don haka na tafi aiki a kan Mataimakin Mataimakin Masting Macching Mine. Bayan haka Yusufu ya so ya zama shugaba - bai yi aiki ba. A wani lokaci ya ɗokin ya zama ɗan likita har ma ya tafi wurin Morgiya, amma nan da nan ya canza tunaninsa. Shekaru da yawa, Joseph Brodsky ya canza yawancin ƙwarewar: duk wannan lokacin da ya yi wa jingina, jeri na kasashen waje don samun jirgin sama don tserewa daga Tarayyar Soviet. Gaskiya ne, shari'ar ba ta ci gaba da dabaru ba.
Litattafai
Brodsky ya ce waƙoƙin sun fara rubutu tun shekaru 18, kodayake akwai waƙoƙi da yawa rubuce a cikin shekaru 16-17. A farkon lokacin kerawa, ya rubuta "Kalmar soyayya ta Kirsimeti", daga karkatarwa zuwa cibiyar "da sauran waƙoƙi. A nan gaba, salon marubucin yana da ƙarfi tasiri na waƙoƙi M. Tsvetaeva, O. Mandelstam, AKHMatova da B. Passnerak - sun zama Masarar mutane.
Tare da Ahmatova Brodsky ya sadu da 1961. Ba ta taɓa yin shakkar ɗan mawaƙin yarinyar ba kuma ta ƙarfafa al'adun Yusufu, nasara mai imani. Mafi kyawun brodsky antenreevna ba ta da ban sha'awa musamman, amma sikelin halayen Soviet poetess mai ban sha'awa.
Aikin farko da aka firgita da ikon soviets, kwanan nan. Ana kiran waka na "mahajjata". Bayan ya rubuta "kadaici." A wurin, brodsky yi ƙoƙarin sake tunani game da abin da ke faruwa da shi da yadda za a fita daga halin yanzu, lokacin da jaridu da mujallu suka rufe ƙofar kafin wajabcin.
A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, 1960, Joseph Brodsky ya fara yi a Lenenrad "mawakan wakoki". Ya karanta "hurumi na Yahudawa", wanda ya haifar da mummunar mummuna a da'irar rubutu da da'irar jama'a. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an buga rubutun ta Brodsky da Brokad "a cikin" Leningrad ", ambato daga Yusufu" an samar da su a ciki. Mawallafin Paskville sun kwace layin daga mahallin, wanda ya yi magana a matsayin zargin mawakacin mawaƙa cikin ƙauna. Joseph brodsky ya fara bi kowane matakan.
A watan Janairu 1964, a cikin wannan "Leningrad", harafin "Ingnignesan kasa 'yan kasa", an kama wasannin' yan kasa, kuma a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, an kama marubutan ne don tune wasa. Kashegari, a cikin dakin yana da bugun zuciya. Tunani na brodsky na wannan lokacin ana tsammani a cikin ayoyi "Sannu, da tsufa" da "me ya gaya min game da rayuwa?".
Rauni na fara kwanciya da nauyi mai nauyi a kan mawaka. Yanayin ya tsananta saboda fashewar dangantaka tare da ƙaunataccen Marina Basmanova. A sakamakon haka, brodsky ya ɗauki ƙoƙarin barin rayuwa, amma ba tare da nasara ba.
A cikin 1970, marubucin ya rubuta waka "Kada ku fita daga cikin dakin", wanda aka duba wane wuri aka ba wa Soviet.
Tsanantawa ya ci gaba har zuwa 1972, lokacin da Brodsky ya ba da zabi - asibiti mai tabin hankali ko ƙaura. Joseph Alexandrovich ya riga ya kasance cikin wani asibiti mai hankali, kuma kamar yadda ya ce, ta kasance sosai fiye da kurkuku. Brodsky na zabi hijira. A shekarar 1977, mawaƙi da aka yarda da zama ɗan ƙasa na Amurka.
Kafin fita daga kasar nan, mawaƙi ya yi kokarin ci gaba da zama a Rasha. Ya aiko da wasika zuwa Leonid Brezhnev da kansa tare da roƙo don ya rayu a cikin ƙasa aƙalla a matsayin mai fassara. Amma makomar Nobel ba ta ji ba.
Joseph Brodsky ya shiga bikin ban mamaki na duniya a London. Sannan ya koyar da tarihin wallafe-wallafe-wallafe-wallafe da wallafe-wallafen, a Michigan, na Kolombian da New York jami'a. A cikin layi daya, ya rubuta rubutun Turanci kuma an fassara shi zuwa harshen Turanci Vladimir Nabokov. A cikin 1986, tarin brodsky "ƙarancin haɗin kai" ya fito, kuma shekara mai zuwa ya karɓi kyautar Nobel a filin adabi.
A cikin lokacin 1985-1989, mawaƙa ta rubuta "ƙwaƙwalwar Uban", "gabatarwa" da essay "ɗakin kwana ɗaya". A cikin waɗannan ayoyin da litattafai - duk azabar mutum da ba a bar shi ya ciyar a kan hanyar da iyaye ta ƙarshe ba.
Lokacin da Perestroika ya fara a cikin USSR, waƙoƙin Yusufu Alexandrovich ya buga aiki da shi na bayiNa mujallu da jaridu. A cikin 1990, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya fara buga littattafan mawaƙin. Brodsky ya sau da yawa don samun gayyata daga gida, amma koyaushe yana yin rauni tare da wannan ziyarar - bai son kula da 'yan jaridu da kuma jama'a. Hadaddiyar dawowar an nuna a cikin waƙoƙin "ita", "harafi zuwa ga wani na ciki" da sauransu.
Rayuwar sirri
Mai zane Marina Basmanova, tare da wanda ya sadu da 1962, ya zama babban ƙaunar Joseph Brodsky. Sun hadu na dogon lokaci, to, suka zauna tare. A cikin 1968, Marina da Yusufu suna da ɗa, da kuma haihuwar ɗa, dangantaka ta tsananta. A wannan shekarar sai suka fashe.
A cikin 1990, ya sadu Maria Sociya. - ASILIAN ARISTOCRAT DA TAFIYA RUSTANS akan layin iyaye. A cikin wannan shekara, brodsky aure ta, kuma a cikin shekaru uku suna da 'yarsa Anna. Abin takaici, don ganin yadda 'yar ya girma, Joseph Brodsky ba a ƙaddara ba.
An san mawaƙin a matsayin shahararren shan sigari. Duk da ayyuka huɗu da suka canja wuri a zuciya, bai taɓa jefa shan sigari ba. Likitocin sun ba da shawarar brodsky don ɗaure tare da al'ada mai lalacewa, wanda ya amsa: "Rayuwa tana da mahimmanci daidai saboda babu wani tabbaci, a'a."
Har yanzu Joseph Brodsky a ɗaure kuliyoyi. Ya yi jayayya da cewa waɗannan halittu basu da motsi mummuna. A cikin hotuna da yawa, an harba mahalicci tare da cat a hannunsa.
Tare da taimakon marubucin a New York, gidan cin abinci na Rasha ya buɗe. Co-masu Cike da Cibiyar ta zama Roman Kaplan da Mikhail Baryynikov. Joseph Brodsky ya saka hannun jari a cikin wannan aikin wani bangare na kudin daga kyautar Nobel. Gidan abinci ya zama alamar alamar sabuwar York na Rasha.
Mutuwa
Ya sha wahala daga Angina, kafin ƙaura. Jihar mawaki ba ta da tabbas. A shekarar 1978, ya yi tiyata da zuciya, asibitin Amurka ta tura wasikar hukuma ga USSR tare da bukatar barin iyayen Yusufu ya bar ta Sown. Iyaye da kansu sun yi amfani da sau 12, amma duk lokacin da suka ki. Daga 1964 zuwa 1994, Brodsky ya sha wahala 4, bai taba ganin iyayenta ba kuma. Uwar marubucin ya mutu a cikin 1983, kuma bayan shekara ta ba ta yi da Uba ba. Hukumomin Soviet sun ƙi zuwa jana'izar a bukatar. Mutuwar iyaye sun gudanar da lafiyar mawaka.
A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1996, Joseph Brodsky rataye fayil, yana son matar ɗan dare mai kyau kuma ya tashi zuwa ofishin - yana buƙatar aiki kafin semester bazara. A safiyar ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1996, matar ta sami ma'aurata ba tare da alamun rayuwa ba. Likitocin sun tsayar da mutuwa daga harin bugun zuciya.
Makonni biyu kafin mutuwa, mawaƙi ya sayi wuri a cikin makabarta a cikin New York, ba da nisa daga Broadway. A nan, an binne shi, bayan ya yi na karshe ga mawakan mawakan m, wanda, har zuwa lokacin da ya biyo baya, ya ƙaunaci mahaifarsa.
A watan Yuni na 1997, an mai da Jesuf Brodsky gawar a cikin Venice a gaba a San Michele Cable.
A shekara ta 2005, falon farko ga macen da aka bude a St. Petersburg.
Littafi daya
- 1965 - "waƙa da waƙoƙi"
- 1982 - "Roman Kyau"
- 1984 - "Marle"
- 1987 - "Uranius"
- 1988 - "Tsaya a cikin hamada"
- 1990 - "Fern baye"
- 1991 - "waka"
- 1993 - "Cappadocia. Waƙoƙin "
- 1995 - "A cikin kusancin Atlantis. Sabon wakoki "
- 1992-1995 - "Ayyukan Yusufu Brodsky"