Tari
"Mai tattara ƙasar Rasha" da Nii babban da ake kira zuriyar mai godiya Ivan Iii Vasilyevich. Kuma Nikolai Karamzin ya daukaka wannan dan asalin ko da sama da Peter Ir. Shi, babban dake na Moscow, dokoki na kasar daga 1462 zuwa 1505, shuka don ƙara yankin kilomita dubu 24 zuwa dubu 60 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 60 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 60 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 64 zuwa dubu 60 zuwa dubu 60. Amma babban abin da - ya sami nasarar adana Rus daga aikin kowace shekara don biyan babban tsoro na Horde Horde.Yaro da matasa
Ivan da aka haife na uku a cikin Janairu 1440. Yaron ya zama babban dan babban moscess Prince Vasily Ii Vasilyevich da Maryamu Yaroslavna, Jaroran Yarima Vaslavna. Lokacin da Ivan ya kasance shekara 5 da haihuwa, an kori mahaifinsa ya koma Tatar. A cikin matakin Moscow, nan da nan da nan da nan ya tashe shi da kursiyin babba daga zuriyar Ivan Kalita - Yarima Dmitry Yuryevich shemyak. Don 'yancinsa, a tilasta wa vasily II don yin alkawarin fansa na Tatars, bayan da aka saki yarima. Yawo a Moscow, mahaifin Ivan ya sake sadaukar da kursiyin, da kuma shemyak ya tafi Uglich.
Mutane da yawa zamani ba su yi farin ciki da ayyukan yarima ba, wanda kawai ya washe matsayin mutane, ƙara kyautawar kyaututtuka ga Horde. Dmitry Yuryevich ya zama mai shirya mahalabawar da babbar Prince, tare da abokan aikin ya dauki vasily II da makantar da shi. Kimaninta na II da 'ya'yansa sun sami damar tserewa cikin Murom. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, yariman yariman, a wannan lokacin ya sami sunan barkwanci duhu saboda makanta, ya tafi TIL. A nan ya sanya goyon baya ga goyon baya na Babban Boris tlis tlis tlis, tun bayan Ivan da dan shekaru shida tare da 'yarsa Maria Borisovna.
Ba da daɗewa ba zai iya dawo da iko a Moscow, kuma bayan mutuwar shemyaks, farfewar fararen hula a ƙarshe ya tsaya. Tun da yin aure a cikin 1452 tare da amarya, Ivan ta zama abokin mahaifinsa. A cikin ƙaddamarwarsa, Pereslavl-Zaresyky ya kasance birni, kuma yana da shekara 15 na Ikon da Ivan ya riga ya zama tafiya ta farko da Tatar. Da shekaru 20, saurayin Yarima ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin Moscow.
A 22, Ivan dole ne ya dauki allo da kansu: vasily ii an guga man.
Jikin mai mulki
Bayan mutuwar Uba, sulusin na uku da ya gaji mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmancin manufa, wanda ya haɗa da Moscow, pereyaslavl, Kostyaslavl, Kostyasala, Sozhny Novgorood. 'Yan uwan Ivan Bolshaya, Andrei, kadan da Boris, sun fadi a ofishin Uglich, Vologda da Volokala.Ivan Iii, kamar yadda aka yi wa mahaifinsa da aka yi wa mahaifinsa, ya ci gaba da tara manufofinsa. Ya sauya yanayin Rasha ta duk yiwuwar nufin: inda ma'anar diflomasiyya da lallashewa, kuma a ina da ƙarfi. A cikin 1463, IIII ta sami ikon haɗa matakin yar basaslavlical, a cikin jihar 1474 na Rostov.
Amma ya kasance farkon farkon. Rus ya ci gaba da saka, da sauri fiye da manyan hanyoyin Novgorod na Novgorod. Bayan haka, har zuwa ga jinin mai nasara, kuma sannu a hankali ya koma hannun Ivan Babban Vyatka da PSkov.
Babban Duke ya yi nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe biyu tare da Lithuania, ya yi la'akari da wani bangare na smolensky da shugabanni na Chernihiv. Tribute Ivan III ya zartar da umarnin Livonian.
Muhimmin taron a lokacin mulkin Ivan III shi ne shiga cikin Novgorod. Babban matakin Moscow yana ƙoƙarin haɗa Novgorod tun lokacin da Ivan Kalita, amma mai yiwuwa ne kawai don saukar da birnin tan. Novgorod ya nemi adana samun 'yanci daga Moscow har ma da neman tallafi daga Ofici na Lithuaniya. Daga mataki na ƙarshe, sun riƙe su kawai Orthodoxy a wannan yanayin an yaudari haɗari.
Koyaya, tare da ruwa na tsibirin Lithuania, yariman Mikhail Oleolkovich, a cikin 1470, Novgorod sun sanya yarjejeniya da Casemir. Bayan da tunatar da wannan, IIZE III ya aika da jakadu zuwa Arewacin birni, kuma bayan ba za a iya yin amfani da su a shekara ta fara yakin ba. A lokacin yakin shehlon, amma ba a bi taimako ba daga Lithuania. A sakamakon tattaunawar, an ayyana Novgorod wanda aka azabtar da yariman Moscow.
Shekaru shida bayan haka, Ivan IIi ya kwashe wata tafiya zuwa Novgorod, bayan yaran yaron sun ƙi sanin Masarautarsa. Shekaru biyu, Grand Duke ya sa waken da Novgorod, ƙaryar ƙarshen ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin Kansa. A cikin 1480, sake fasalin mazaunan mazauna Novgorod sun fara ne a cikin ƙasar Moscow da kuma 'yan kasuwar Moscow - zuwa Novgorod.
Amma babban abin da - daga 1480 Babban Duke Moscow ya daina biyan haraji ga umarnin. Rus, a ƙarshe, ya yi ajiyar zuciya daga shekaru 250 na karkiya. Abin lura ne cewa yana yiwuwa a cimma 'yanci ba tare da zubar da jini ba. A duk lokacin bazara na sojojin Ivan Mai Girma da Khan Akhmat ya tsaya a kan juna. An raba su kawai ta Kogin Kogin kawai (sanannun tsaye a barawo). Bakin bai faru ba - umarnin ya tafi tare da komai. A cikin lurves wasan ya ci sojojin na Yarima Rasha.
Kuma a lokacin mulkin Ivan III, da Moscow Kremlin ta bayyana, an gina shi daga bulo a shafin na tsohuwar ginin katako. An rubuta farfajiyar shari'a kuma an yi shi, fitina, zaɓi na ƙaramin ƙarfi. Mun kuma bayyana farkon sashen diflomasiyya da kuma tsarin mai ƙasa na mai ƙasa don lokacinsu. Fara kasancewa da serfom. Mazajen da suka kasance suna tafiya daga ɗaya mai shi zuwa wani yardar, yanzu an iyakance ga lokacin Ranar Yurian. Don sauyawar baƙi, wani ɗan lokaci na ɗan haske - mako kafin da bayan kaka hutun george nasara.
Godiya ga Ivan, babban nauyin Moscow, ya juya cikin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi, wanda aka koya a Turai. Davan babban da kansa ya juya ya zama Sarkin Rasha na farko, wanda ake kira "Duch na duk Russia." Masana tarihi sun yi jayayya cewa Rasha ta dogara da cewa Ginin da Ivan Iii Vasilyevich ya dage da ayyukanta. Ko da gaggafa ta kai biyu - kuma ya yi ba'a da mayafin da makamai bayan mulkin Duke Moiskovsky. Wani alamar Byzantium ta belcantium ta belcanti ce ta matakin Moscow shine hoton George Particious, buga Zmia Spere.
Suna jayayya cewa koyaswar "Moscow - Rome ta uku" ta fara ne a lokacin mulkin Ivan Vasilliich. Kamar yadda ba mamaki, saboda tare da shi, masu girma dabam ya karu kusan sau 3.
Rayuwa ta sirri Ivan III
Matar Farko ta Ivan Babban babban shine Gimbiya Tersmakaya Mariya. Amma ta mutu, ta haifi mijinta ɗan Nehan ɗan Ivan.
Rayuwa na sirri Ivan Iii ya canza shekaru 3 bayan mutuwar matarsa. Aure a kan gimbiya ta Girkawa Greek, 'yar cikin Hellasar Girka ta karshe Byzantium Zoe ɗan fim din nan mai kyau, ya juya ya zama mai yiwuwa ga sarki kansa da kuma duk Russia. Sofia Falologister ya yi masa baftisma a cikin Orthodoxy ya kawo sabo da amfani a cikin aschic rayuwa.
Wani lokaci ya bayyana a kotu. Sophia Fominichna Fadilice ya nace a kujerun babban birnin, "wringing" daga sanannen birnin Roman Archites. Amma babban abu shi ne cewa shi ne wanda ya sauƙaƙa mijinta ya yanke shawarar ƙi bayar da haraji ga Horde, saboda makiyayan sun ji tsoron irin wannan matakin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Killa'awar da ta fifita ta zama ta zama ta gaba ta na biyun da shugabannin shugabannin Tatar suka kawo masa.
Wataƙila, Ivan da Sophia suna ƙaunar juna da gaske. Mijin ya saurari shawarar matarsa mai hikima, kodayake bai so ba ga mahaifinsa ba, wanda a baya ya sabunta tasiri akan yarima. A cikin wannan aure, wanda ya zama mai dydiniya na fari, zuriya da yawa sun bayyana - 5 'ya'ya maza da mata 4. Ga ofaya daga cikin 'ya'yan, airatar da III, iko na kasa.
Mutuwar Ivan III
Ivan Iii ya tsira daga matar da matarsa ce kawai tsawon shekaru 2. Ba Oktoba ba 27, 1505. An binne babban duke a cikin jirgin jirgi na jirgin ruwa.Daga baya, a cikin 1929, kwanonin biyu matan Ivan Babban - Maryamu Boriisovna da Sofia Boriisovna da Sofia Boriisovna da Sofia sun haɗu da gindin wannan haikalin.
Tunani
Ana lalata ƙwaƙwalwar Ivan III cikin yawan abubuwan tunawa da yawa waɗanda suke a cikin Kaluga, a Moscow Novgorood a kan milliknium na Rasha na Monument. Tunanin tarihin Babban Duke an sadaukar da shi ga lafazin da yawa, ciki har da daga jerin russan Rus Rus. Labarin kaunar Ivan Vasilyevich da sofia yaudara ya dogara ne da shirin Rasha Alexey Andrianova ", inda ake buga matsayin Evgeny Tsyganov da Maria Andreeva.
Jerin "Grozny", da aka buga a cikin 2020s, ya ci gaba da wannan aikin na tarihi. Rawar da Ivan III sake tafi Tsyganov, da image na Ivan da Munin aiwatuwa da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Alexander Yatsenko da Sergey Makovetsky. Hakanan a cikin hoto, Yuri Kolokolnikov, Victor Sukhorukv, Tatyana Lyalina.