Tarihi
"Master da Margarita" - LITTAFIN MIKHIL Bulgakov, wanda ya jefa masu karatun masu karatu tun daga shekarar 1967. Manyan maganganun manya na marubucin marubuci ya sake karanta wannan labari, kowane lokaci na gano sababbin maganganu, da kuma karawa, Alazello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovello, HIPPO da Korovav. Mikhail Affanasyevich ya yi nasarar fitar da hotunan ban mamaki wanda ke yin tunani:"Don haka menene ɓangare na ƙarfin da yake son mugunta kuma koyaushe yana amfana?".Tarihi da kuma prototypes
Bulgakov ya zama kamar ƙwararren likita da kuma malamai da kuma mutum mai ban mamaki. Pigpe na asirin, wanda labarin tarihin yake rufe shi, bai ba da zaman lafiya da masana kimiyya da ƙoƙarin tattara duk bayanan tare. Sabili da haka, tambaya ita ce lokacin da Mikhail Affanninasyevich ya zo da Jagora da Margarita, amma mahimman ƙa'idodi sun yarda cewa an yi zane-zane a cikin 1928-1929.
Haka kuma, a Mikhail Afotevich bai bugawa ba, babu layin soyayya na marubuci marassa fata a cikin wata hat da mata da ke dauke da "furanni masu banƙyama. Da farko, da Genius ya fara yin amfani da bayani game da shaidan: A cikin littafin rubutu na musamman, an hana zanen gado na Mikhail daga cikin ayyukan, wanda ya bayyana karfin da ba m aiki.
A cikin 1930 Bulgakov ya karbi yabo daga babban kwamitin zartarwa: A cikin wasika an ce "Kibahail Afrayyevich" ya jefa bayanin kula game da Lucifer a cikin tanda. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, "Saboda haka, ba sa ƙone," Saboda haka, mafi yawan ayoyin, suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a sani ba, zanen gado, suna masu tsira.
A shekarar 1932, Mikhail Affanasyevich sake sake komawa ga ra'ayin sa kuma yana zaune a kan rubuta littafin, ba tare da amfani da Lyricist na marubucin ba. Gaskiya ne, Bulgakov ya dogara da makircin littafi mai tsarki kuma ya aikata shaidan tare da mai cin nasara da mai gabatarwar, a cikin sigar karshe ta aiki a matsayin mai shaida. A cikin 1940, lafiyar cututtukan Bulgakov ya fara natsemrate sosai: An gano cutar koda a cikin ƙawancen littattafai.
Mikhail Affanasyevich ya ɗaure don gado da, shawo kan matsanancin zafi, wanda ya faɗi game da matar Korotodov da gidan wasan kwaikwayon "videi".
Roman ya ga hasken ne kawai a cikin 1966 (67), bazawara da marubuci ya gyara rubutun na kusan shekaru ashirin. Warland ta zama ɗayan mafi kyawun haruffa da abubuwan tunawa. Wannan gwarzo bashi da gaskiya prototype, saboda hoton baƙar fata na baƙar fata yana tare. Marubucin da kansa ya ce:
"Ba na son in ba da dalili ga magoya bayan magoya baya. Vobari bashi da prototypes. "Mikhail Bulgakov ya kira Messira ta babban abokin hamayyar sama - shaidan. Aƙalla, analogy tare da shaidar addini na mugunta da alama masu binciken ne. Bugu da kari, marubucin ya dogara ne da wanda ya riga shi, mawaƙin na Jamus girma, wanda ya gabatar da wannan ga duniyar Charles Pudner.
A zahiri, Waland yana da kamanni da baƙin ciki tare da wannan ruhun na yanzu, a kan wannan halin yana nan a cikin farfajiyar da aka yi, yana sa kai mai sihiri da shirya. don rabuwa da Moscow. Game da shi, kamanceceniya tare da silulen "Mephistofel", an yi shi da alama da Mark oriythatka, ana gano shi. Haka ne, kuma an kira Jagora a farkon bugu na farko.
Gwargwadon wasan kwaikwayo na wasan Radzinsky ya ga kamanin kama tsakanin Weland da Yusufu Stalin, da kuma wasu masu binciken Bitrus da na biyu zuwa ga Yesu Kristi na biyu. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, rawanin rubutu suna sha'awar ma'anar shaidan. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin jarumin ɗan gargajiya na Jamusawa da ake kira Balay, alhali a banuste, mephistofel ambaton magana:
"The shahararren da tekun ya tafi!".Kamanni
Mikhail Bulgakov ya bayyana daki-daki bayyanar Voland daga shafin farko na aikin, don haka masu karatu basu da wahala tare da wakilcin hoton wannan gwarzo. Hasken kantin sayar da kantin sayar da littattafai da tsayi da kuma sanannen-rufe goge, tare da baki curves (kusurwa da aka zana zuwa kasan) da kuma ta fuskoki daban-daban: daya a saman ɗayan. A sakamakon haka, a bayyanar da fuskar murgani, ba a gano raba abin mamaki ba.
Idanun Iblis sun sha bamban da juna: ido na dama yana har yanzu, wofi da baki, kamar yadda ya mutu, kuma ɗayan ya kasance kore ne mai haske da rai. Magoya bayan Bulgakov suna tsammani cewa Master da Mar Baritata "sune madaidaicin daidaici wanda zai sami mawuyacin hali na wannan aikin.
Tabbas, a cikin bayyanar wakilin haske - Eeuwa Ga-Nozri - zaka iya nemo echoos na waccan, da kuma mataimakin. Lokacin da tawayen ya bayyana da Bilatus, ya yi kama da wannan, a kusurwar bakin, sai idojin ciki ya yi ado da dutsen. Fata a fuskar baƙar fata da aka samu, yayin yayin kisan Jehua, da rana mai zubi ta ƙone.
Bugu da ari, VOLAND tana da murmushin jin tsoro, kuma ba wai kawai aka ba da gudummawa ba, har ma da hakoransa guda, rawanin platinum, da sauran - zinari. Shaiɗan ya bayyana a gaban Ivan da marasa gida da Mikhail Berlioz a cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi, takalma lachoer kuma tare da rafi tare da wani nau'in poodle.
Af, a nan da bulgakov sake bayar da yabo ga "mafi girman", saboda Mephistofel ya bayyana a gaban farfesa a hoton wannan dabbar. Waland koyaushe yana bin wata, wanda wata alama ce ta ƙazanta iko, saboda duk abin takaici yana ƙarƙashin murfin dare. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa kalmar "dami": mazaunan Moscow ana jin su koyaushe a Roma: Ba tare da reshe na lamiri ba, kamar dai reshe ne na lamiri.
"Me yake tare da ni? Wannan bai taba ba ... Zuciya shallit ... Na mamaye. Wataƙila lokaci ya yi da za a daina komai zuwa jahannama da Kislovodsk ... "- Mikhail Berlioz tunani, gani korovyev tashi a cikin iska.Kafin baƙi, Weland ya bayyana a cikin tsari mara amfani: a cikin ƙazamar rigar dare. Ya dace a lura cewa tufafin Yesu, suna shuɗi hiton, ya juya ya zama zakara ragon, daga koda wasu masu kisa suka ƙi. A kan kwallon, da hypnotist ya bayyana a cikin rigar baki, baƙar fata hannu da takobi.
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa halayen halayen Voland ba na halitta bane, kuma yana kama da dalilai masu kyau: ya bayyana da ban sha'awa kuma ba zato ba tsammani, kamar dai ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne, kamar actoror a kan al'amuran mataki.
Kuma Ubangijin duhu yana da kyau sosai, mai tuntawa, sau da yawa murmushi a cikin hira, yana da hankali kuma yana san komai. Ba zai iya ɗauka kawai cewa Anshiush zai yayyafa man sunflower ba. Littafin ya ce Iblis bai mutu ba ne, yana da iyawar sihiri kuma ta kasance daga lokaci.
Romawa "Master da Mar Baritita"
A cikin aikin bulgakov, weland yana wasa da sakandare, amma rawar yau da kullun. Baƙon a cikin rigar baƙi yana bayyana a farkon sabon labari kuma yana nuna rashin ƙarfi da masu sasantawar iko. Tsakanin mawakiyar Ivan da Edita da Edita na rubutu, Mikhail Berlioz ya fara tattaunawa game da Allah, da kuma wuce ta (kuma watakila ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin tattaunawar wadanda basu yarda ba.Gaskiya ne, wannan tattaunawar a kan sarki ya kawo cikas a ciki: Mikhail Alexil Alexil Alexandrovich ya rasa kansa, kuma abokin aikinsa ya rasa tunaninsa. Amma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Voland ba shi da wata manufa don tsokane ko tura masifa, shi ne shaidan wanda ya sami yabo, da kuma masu zunubi sun karɓi yabo, kuma wland kawai ya kalli wannan wasan. A cikin labari, Voland, Halin lalata, haɗama, waɗanda ba sana'a ba, hauhawar jini, da shaidan sun kalli wannan ra'ayin kuma a lura:
"Talakawa mutane ... Gabaɗaya, tunatar da wannan ... Tambayar Apartment kawai ya lalata su ..."Moraka ya san tunanin mutane gaba, don haka a cikin sabon labari yana da aikin alƙali. Kyakkyawan fasalin Voland shine adalci, kamar yadda kowa ya samu bisa ga bangaskiyar sa. Ba wai kawai Wool kawai yana gudanar da zaman sihirin ba ne kawai a cikin "or-iri-iri" da kuma tsoratar da makwabta na Aikin ta hamsin wanda a kan titi ya zama babban lambu 302-BIs, amma ya fi dacewa da ball.
Abin da Iblis ya tara masu aikata zunubi da aka bayyana: counteke, masu kisa, masu dattawan jihohi, shaida, da sauran halaye daban-daban. A cikin ƙarshen labari, an saukar da yanayin yanayin Vobarita, kuma wasu marubutan sun yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar ƙarewar littafinsa "spirel Sanaev da ake kira taken littafinsa" spirel Sanaev da ake kira taken littafin. "
Fina-finai
Mikhail Bulgakov Roman ya yi kokarin kare sanannen shahararrun shahararrun lokuta sau da yawa, amma, kamar wasu irin halin da yanayi, ba kowa bane ya sami nasarar yin hakan. Akwai ma camfi na da Mikhail Afinasyevich ya yi gaba da canja wurin TV, to jami'an ba ya faru da aikin gargajiya da kalma, sannan jami'an jam'iyyar sun yi rauni da kalmar "Ba zai yiwu ba", sannan kuma taron shari'a suka fara.
Jita-jita da hasashe sun bi bayan Vladimir Naumov, wanda ya yi aiki da rubutun, mafarkin Elena SerdeyeyeYu (Matar Bulgakov), wacce ta nemi soke aikin a kan fim. Amma, duk da haka, daraktocin sun yi nasarar siyan abubuwa da yawa:
- 1972 - "Master da Margarita" (Italiya, Yugoslavia, Alexander Petrovich)
- 1988 - "Master da Marsuta" (Poland, Matsu Volyshko)
- 1994 - "Master da Margitata" (Russia, Yuri Kara)
- 2005 - "Master da Margarita" (Russia, Vladimir Bortko)
'Yan wasan kwaikwayo
Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka sami nasarar kokarin gwada a matsayin Mabuwanci Voland, ƙanana ne. Na farko wanda ya sake haifuwa a cikin Iblis na adalci Iblis ne Faransa da Italiyanci Ainla Kyuni, wanda ya taka rawa a cikin hoto na 1972. Fim ya banbanta da marubucin asalin, kodayake ya ba da kyautar ta kasa da kyautar ICF a cikin Venice. Kyuni ya yi nasarar shigar da rawar, amma da wuri ba ya yi kama da Voland: maimakon rawar jiki, masu sauraro sun ga mai launin toka a cikin rigar launin toka.
A shekarar 1988, da Yaren mutanen Poland darektan Matsu Volyshko dauki kan Roman Bulgakov, suka gudanar ya yi nasara da kyau sake dubawa na masu sauraro da kuma magoya na Mikhail Afanasyevich, domin ya nunawa na mini-jerin kusan babu daban-daban daga cikin littafin. A wannan karon, Gustara Mustude, ya saba da fina-finai, a cikin tafarkin Ubangijin Jahannama: "Blue Cross" (1955), "wuta da takobi" (1996).
Bugu da ari, hoton Shaidan ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi ƙoƙari ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha na Rasha na Rasha na Rasha na Rasha na Rasha darf, wanda ya lura a cikin wata hira:
"My kalki ba shaidan bane, amma Manzon sojojin Haske!"Valentin Josephobovych ya ce shaidan mafi kyawun halaye na littafin Bulgakovsky. A cikin fim din "Jagora da Margitata", wanda aka harbe a 1994, wasa Victor Fictor, Sergey Gurumash, Leonid Kourvlev da sauran wakilan cibiyoyin cinematic.
A shekara ta 2005, Vladimir Bortko ya ɗauki doka domin dokar, kuma dole ne a ce, darektan ya yi kokarin kara girman rubutun Mikhail Afinasyevich a kan fim. Wani bangaren kiɗa bai kasa ba, babban jigon jerin shine "wakokin Voland" Igor Kornelyuk.
Tun lokacin da aka yi a kan fim mai cike da cikakken bayani a fili bai isa ba, Vladimir Vladimirovich ya haifar da karamin jerin. Aikin Voland samu Oleg Basilashis. Bayyanar dan wasan bai dace da bayanin ba, amma Oleg Valerianovichicy ya yi mai goyon bayan sojojin duhu.
Abin lura ne cewa matsayin farko na Messira dole ne a sami Oleg Yankovsky, amma mai fasaha bai san rabo kuma ya ƙi wannan hoton ba. Borthko dauke da Gary Olmman, Jean Reno da Clas Sanda Santauer. Baya ga Basilishvili, Alexandlav Galiyen, Vladisv Galkin, Kirill Lavrov, Alexander Abdrukov, Sergeyer Bashirov.
Faɗa
"Kada ku nemi komai! Kada wani abu, musamman waɗanda suka fi ku ƙarfi. Zai miƙa kansu, kowa zai ba komai! "" Haka ne, mutumin mutum ne, amma zai zama mafi kuri'un. Bad shine cewa wani lokacin yana da mamaci, wannan shine abin da ke da hankali! Kuma ko kaɗan, ba zai iya faɗi abin da zai yi a maraice ba. "" Wani abu, nufin naku, wasanninta, masu son mata, tattaunawar liyafa. Irin waɗannan mutane ko mara lafiya, ko kuma a asirce ki wasu. Gaskiya ne, banbam mai yiwuwa ne. Daga cikin wadanda aka bi da ni ga tebur tebur, wani lokacin da suka ban mamaki mai tsalle-tsalle suka gaza! "Muna magana da kai, - amma abubuwan da muke magana dasu, kar a canza daga Wannan. "Fansa na biyu - ita ce maganar banza! Fishess ne kawai ɗaya - na farko, shi ne na ƙarshe. Kuma idan Sturgeon shine sabo na biyu, to yana nufin an fucked! "Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Masallacin littafin "Master" ya bambanta da shirin Littafi Mai Tsarki, kodayake akwai kishiyoyin kyawawan abubuwa biyu da mugunta a cikin littafin. A Bulgakov, daidai suke, da "kowane sashen yana cikin al'amuransa." Warland bai iya gafartawa Bilatus da FRODO ba, kuma Yesu bai da 'yancin ɗaukar Masters.
- A cewar jita-jita, ba labari ne ya kare a Amurka. Abin da ya faru da cinemers na Amurka - yana da wahalar yin hukunci, amma jerin matalauta ", Inasar Burtaniya ta yi Daniel Radlifle.
- A farkon haduran Voland da ake kira Astarotom, kuma labari ya sa sunayen "HOF Injiniya" da "baƙar fata".
- Bulgakov ya bayyana waccan a matsayin mutum mai shekaru na tsakiya, alhali a jerin talabijin "Master da Margita Campashvai ya mai da shekaru 71. Bilatus na Pontius a littafin yana saurayi, amma wanda ya yi aikin mai tsaro, ya kusan 80.
- A cikin matattarar rubutun na labari, bayanin bayyanar Wowland ta mamaye duk shafukan goma sha biyar.