Marina Tsvetaeva - tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, hotuna, waƙoƙi, tarin abubuwa, rayuwa da kuma sababbin labarai

Anonim

Tari

Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva - Fassara, mai fassara, marubucin asalin tarihin tarihinku da labarai masu mahimmanci. Ana ɗaukar ɗayan manyan lambobi a cikin waƙoƙin duniya na ƙarni na 20. A yau ana kiransu shittomiyiyacciyar da irin wannan waina Tsvetaeva game da soyayya, "," ba wani mai kunya ba ... "," Baba Na kalli idanuna ... " da sauran mutane da yawa.

Marina Tsvetaeva a cikin yara

A Marina Tsvetaeva ya faɗi a kan Hutun Orthodox na ƙwaƙwalwar manzo Yahaya da Bogoslov. Wannan yanayin peretess daga baya akai-akai yana nuna ayyukansa. Yarinya a cikin Moscow da aka haife, a cikin dangin furotin Faransa, wani masanin masanan majami'a, da matarsa ​​ta biyu Maryamu Mauinstein da kansa. A kan Uba, Marina tana da littafi guda-andrei da 'yar'uwar Valeria, da kuma ƙaramin ɗan'uwarsa Anastia. Kwarewar kirkirarren iyayen iyayen sun saka yatsan yatsa da kuma yara na tsvtaeva. Mama ta koyar da wasan ta a kan Piano kuma ta yi mafarkin ganin diya tare da mawaƙa, kuma mahaifinsa ya ba da ƙauna ga manyan abubuwa masu inganci.

Marina Tsvetaeva a cikin yara

Don haka Marina da Marina suna rayuwa a ƙasashen waje, saboda haka ya yi magana ba kyauta ba kawai a Rashanci, har ma a cikin Faransanci da na Jamusanci. Haka kuma, lokacin da karamin marina tsvevaeva ya fara rubuta waƙoƙi, ya hada kan duk ukun, kuma mafi yawan duka - a Faransanci. Ilimi ya fara karbar dan wasan Moscow mai zaman kansa na Moscow, kuma daga baya ya yi karatu a cikin gidaje na 'yan mata a Switzerland da Jamus. Yana da shekara 16, ta yi kokarin sauraren karatun laccoci a kan littattafan taurari a Paris Sorbonne, amma horarwar ba ta kammala a wurin ba.

Marina Tsvetaeva da 'yar'uwa

Lokacin da Tsveta ya fara bugawa waƙoƙin shi, sai ta fara sadarwa sosai tare da da'irar Moscow da kuma rawar jiki suna shiga cikin rayuwar da'irar "Mushage". Ba da daɗewa ba yakin basasa ya fara. Shekarun nan suna da matukar wahala a kan yanayin ɗabi'ar mace. Gashin da wurin haifuwa a farin da aka gyara ja ba ta karba ba kuma bai yarda ba. A cikin bazara na 1922, Marina Elegevna Elegevna ta cimma izini don yin hijira daga Rasha kuma inda miham, ya yi karatu a cikin Jami'ar Prage.

Marina Tsvetaeva da aba

Na dogon lokaci, rayuwar Marina Tsvetaeva ta haɗa ba kawai tare da Prague ba, har ma tare da Prague, kuma a cikin shekaru uku danginta sun sami damar zuwa babban birnin Faransa. Amma a can, farin ciki, matar ba ta samu ba. Wani depressingly ga wasu mutane sun yi wa kansa cewa mijinta ya halarci ɗan maƙarƙashiya da gwamnatin Soviet. Bugu da kari, Marina ta tabbata cewa a cikin Ruhunsa ba ta ba ƙaura, kuma Rasha ba ta barin tunaninta da zukata.

Waƙa

Tarin Marina Tsvetaeva ta kira "album album" ya ga haske a 1910. Ya hada da halittarta da aka rubuta a cikin makaranta. Da sauri da sauri kirkirar yara na shahararrun marubutan, Maximilian Voloshinva ya zama sha'awarsa, mijin Anna Akhmatova, da wanda ya kafa alamomin alamar Rasha na Valery Bryusov. A kan kalaman nasara, Marina ya rubuta labarin na farko "sihiri a cikin ayoyi Brysov". Af, wani abu mai ban mamaki gaskiya shi ne cewa farkon littattafan da ta buga akan kansu.

Tarin launuka

Ba da daɗewa ba "sihiri lantern" na Marina Tsvetaeva aka buga, sannan tattara ta na gaba, to, aiki na gaba aka buga - "daga cikin littattafan." Jim kaɗan kafin juyin juya halin, da tarihin Marina Tsvetaeva aka haɗa shi da birnin Alexandrov, inda ta zo ziyartar 'yar'uwar Anastasia da matarta mata. Daga ra'ayi na kirkirar, wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa an cika alkawura ga ƙaunatattun mutane da kuma daga baya aka sanya wa ƙwararrun wuraren "Alexander Rani" Alexander Rani "Alexander Rani" Alexander Rani "Alexander Rani" Alexander Rani "Alexander Rani" Alexander Rani A lokacin ne matar ta haifar da shahararrun hanyoyin tafkuna "zuwa Akhmatova" da "wauta game da Moscow".

Marina Tsvetaeva da Anna Akmatava

A lokacin yakin basasa, Marina Marina ta shiga juyintar juyayi, kodayake, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, gabaɗaya, rarraba ƙasar a kan launuka da aka sani. A wannan lokacin, ta rubuta waƙoƙin "Swan Stan", da manyan waƙoƙin "tsar-budo", "on-budurwa", "a kan Red Kone" da soyayya wasa. Bayan motsi a ƙasashen waje, poetess ya kirkiri babban aiki guda biyu - "waƙa ta dutsen" da "waƙa ta ƙarshe", wanda zai kasance daga manyan ayyukanta. Amma yawancin ayoyin lokacin ba a buga su ba. An buga na karshen tarin "Tarin", wanda ya hada da rubuce rubucen Marina Tsvetaeva har zuwa 1925. Dukda cewa ba ta daina rubutu ba.

Marina Tsvetaeva

'Yan kasashen waje sun fi yaba wa tarihin Tsvetaeva - tunaninta na mawaƙa Rasha fari, Maikhail Kuzmin "," tsohuwar pimen "da sauransu. Amma waƙoƙin ba su saya ba, kodayake Marina ta rubuta sake zagayowar mayakovsky, "Black Gidan sito" wanda ya kashe kansa da mawaƙin Soviet. Mutuwar Vladimir Vladimir Vladimirvich ta firgita wata mace cewa a cikin shekaru da yawa za ku iya ji, karanta waɗannan waƙoƙin Marina Tsvetaeva.

Rayuwar sirri

Tare da mijinsa na gaba, Sergei Efron na Poetess ya hadu a cikin 1911 a gidan abokinsa Maximil Voloshin a Koktel. Bayan wata shida, suka zama mijinta da mijinta, ba da daɗewa ba 'yari' yarsu Ariaye sun bayyana. Amma Marina ita mace ce mai matukar son kai kuma a lokuta daban-daban, wasu mutane sun mallaki zuciyarta. Misali, babban mawaƙin Rasha Boris Pasternak, wanda Tsvetaeva ya kusan kusan dangantakar soyayya 10, ba ta daina yin hijira ba.

Marina Tsvetaeva tare da mijinta

Bugu da kari, a Prague, Polague ya fara rubutun hadari tare da lauya da sculptor Konstantin Rodzich. Haɗin su na cikin tsawon watanni shida, sannan Marina, wanda ya ba da abin da ya kasance mai kyau da kuma cewa ƙaunar dutsen ", ta hanyar sanya wani amarya a cikin dangantakar soyayya .

Marina Tsvetaeva 'yar

Amma rayuwar Marina Tsvetaeva ta haɗa ba kawai da maza ba. Tun da kafin yin hijira, a cikin 1914 ta sadu da mujallar mug tare da poeress da fassara sophia wasan. An gano matan da sauri da sauri suna nuna juyayi ga juna, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama wani abu. Marina kuka sadaukar da makullin makullin poems "budurwa", bayan da alakar su ta fito daga inuwa. Efron ya san game da labari na matarsa, ya gamsu da al'amuran, kuma Tsvetaeva ya tilasta, daga gare shi zuwa Sofia. Koyaya, a cikin 1916 ta rabu daga wasan, ya dawo da mata da 'yarsa Irina ta haihuwar matarsa. Game da wani baƙon abu na poetess zai ce daga baya matar da ke son mace ba, amma wasu maza suna da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, ƙaunar garin Marina Garina ta nuna alama a matsayin "masifar farko a rayuwarsa."

Sofia Garnech

Bayan haihuwar ta biyu, Marina Tsvetaeva tana fuskantar baki ratsi a rayuwa. Juya Hali, tserewa miji a ƙasashen waje, matsanancin buƙatar, yunwar. Thean yarinyar Ariadne ya yi rashin lafiya sosai, kuma Tsvetaeva yana ba wa yara zuwa mafaka a ƙauyen Kuntsovo kusa da Moscow. AriAdna ta dawo, amma rashin lafiya da Irina ta mutu a shekara uku.

Marina Tsvetaeva.

Daga baya, bayan ya sake hadawa da mijinta a Prague, Peretess ya haifi ɗan yaro na uku - ɗan George, wanda ake kira "Moore" a cikin iyali. Yaron ya kasance mai raɗaɗi da rauni, yayin da yaƙin duniya na II zuwa gaban, inda ya mutu a lokacin bazara na 1944. An binne Georgy Efron a cikin taro mai taro a cikin yankin Vitbsk. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba AriAadna ko George da 'ya'yansu ba, to yau babu' zuriyar tagomashi.

Mutuwa

A cikin hijira, Marina da iyalinta sun rayu kusan cikin talauci. Mijin Tsveee ba zai iya aiki ba saboda cutar, Geordne ya yi ƙoƙarin taimakawa na kuɗi, kudaden shiga su ne ƙimar kuɗi don labarai da kuma labarinsu wanda Marina Tsvetaeva ya rubuta. Ta kira irin wannan jinkirin da ke mutuwa daga yunwar. Sabili da haka, dukkanin dangin dangi suna juya zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Soviet tare da neman komawa ƙasarsu.

Marina Tsvetaeva Monument

A shekara ta 1937, ya samu hakkin Asiadne, bayan wata shida, Sergey Efron a asirce ya koma Moscow, tunda a Faransa ya yi barazanar kama shi a matsayin mai bin kisan gilla. Bayan wani lokaci, bisa hukuma ta fitar da iyakar Marina tare da dansa. Amma dawowar ya juya ya zama bala'i. Ba da daɗewa ba, Nkvd ya kame ta, kuma a gare ta da mijinta da launi. Kuma idan Ariadne bayan rasuwar Yusuf Stalin, ba ta cika shekara 15 ba, an sake gina shi, to, an harbe Efron a watan Oktoba 1941.

Marina Tsvetaeva Monument

Koyaya, matarsa ​​ba ta san shi ba. Lokacin da babban yakin da ya faru ya fara, mace da saurayi ya tafi tazara a garin Elawanga a kan Kogin Kogin Kogin Kogin Kogin Kogin. Don samun rajista na ɗan lokaci, ana tilasta wa poetess don samun aiki don kayan wanki. Bayaninta ya kasance mai shekaru 28, 1941, kuma bayan kwana uku, Tsvetaeva sun kashe kansa, da jin daɗi a gidan da suka yanke shawara da George. Marina sun bar bayanan kashe kansa uku. Ta yi magana da ɗansa ɗaya daga cikinsu kuma ta nemi gafara, kuma a wasu biyun sun nemi mutane biyu da bukatar kulawa da yaron.

Marina Tsvetaeva Monument

Yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa lokacin da Marina Tsvetaeva kawai ke zuwa ga fitarwa, aboki na dogon lokaci Boris Pasternako ya taimaka mata a cikin kunshin abubuwa, wanda aka sayi igiya don abubuwa. Wani ya yaba da cewa ta fitar da irin wannan igiyar igiya - "Kodayake rataye" ... Wurin ya zama kayan aiki na kisan kai Marina Ivanovna. Na binne Tsvetaeva a cikin Elbaga, amma tun da tun lokacin ya tafi, ana binne daidai ya ƙazantu. Kwastomomin Orthodox basu bada izinin kashe kansa ba, amma bishop na hukunci na iya banda. Kuma sarki Alexy II a cikin 1991, a bikin tunawa da 50th na mutuwa, ya yi amfani da wannan haƙƙin. An gudanar da cocin cocin a cikin cocin Moscow na hawan Ubangiji a cikin Gateofar Nikitsky.

Marina Tsvetaeva Monument

A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar babban abin wasan kwaikwayon na Rasha, da Gidan Marina Tsvetaeva ya buɗe, kuma ba daya. Akwai makamancin wannan gidan tunawa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a biranen Taya, Korolev, Ivanov, Feenosia da sauran wurare. A bankunan Kogin Okey, abin mamakin aikin Boris ya kafa. Akwai alamun alamun sculmalist da sauran biranen Rasha, kusa da nesa ƙasashen waje.

Colationctionsungiyoyi

  • 1910 - Maraimai Sannu
  • 1912 - zane mai sihiri
  • 1913 - daga littattafai biyu
  • 1920 - Tsar-Maiden
  • 1921 - Swan Stan
  • 1923 - psyche. Romance
  • 1924 - Waƙoƙin dutse
  • 1924 - Waƙar karshen
  • 1928 - Bayan Rasha
  • 1930 - Siberiya.

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