Tari
Alexey Peshkov, mafi kyau da aka sani da marubucin Maxim Gorky, ga Rasha da kuma soviet littattafan adadi na bautar. An zabi shi sau biyar ga kyautar Nobel, shine mafi yawan masallacin Soviet Sergeyevich Stillator na Artical Artic.
An haife shi ne a garin Canvino, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance cikin lardin Nahigorod, kuma yanzu shine ɗayan gundumomin nozhgorod. Mahaifinsa Maxim Pehim Pehim Peshkov ya kasance mai shiga, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun rayuwa ya gudanar da ofishin jigilar kaya. Mahaifiyar Vasilye Vasilyevna ya mutu daga Chakhoto, saboda haka iyayen PeSoshe Peshkov sun maye gurbin kakar da Akulin Ivanovna. Daga shekara 11, an tilasta wa yaron ya fara aiki: Maxim Gorky manzo ne a shagon, wani fashe fashe, mataimaki mai zane-zane. Maxim Gorgy Biography da aka bayyana a cikin mutum da kansa a cikin "yara", "a cikin mutane" da "jami'o'ina".
Bayan yunƙurin da ba a ci nasara ba na zama ɗalibin Jami'ar Kazan da kuma kama shi saboda haɗin da ke da da'irar Marxist, marubucin na gaba ya zama mai tsaro a kan jirgin ƙasa. Kuma da karfe 23, wani saurayi ya tafi ya yi yawo cikin ƙasar kuma ya sami damar zuwa Caucasus. A lokacin wannan tafiya zuwa Maxim Gorky a takaice a takaice a takaice ya rubuta tunanin nasa, wanda zai kasance daga baya shine tushen ayyukan sa nan gaba. Af, labaran farko na Maxim Gorky sun buga, kuma, a game da lokacin.
Tuni ya zama sanannen marubuci, Alexey Peshkov ganye zuwa Amurka, to, koma Italiya. Wannan ya faru ne kwata-kwata saboda matsalolin tare da hukumomi, kamar wasu lokuta suna kawo wasu kafofin, amma saboda canje-canje a rayuwar iyali. Kodayake mai ɗaci ya ci gaba don rubuta littattafan masu juyawa. Ya koma Rasha a cikin 1913, ya zauna a St. Petersburg kuma ya fara aiki don masu zane daban-daban.
Yana da sha'awar cewa tare da duk ra'ayoyin Matar, juyin juya halin Peshkov ya fahimta a hankali. Bayan yakin basasa, Maxim Gorky, wanda yake da sababbin sabani tare da sabuwar gwamnatin, amma a 1932 a ƙarshe ya dawo gida.
Marubuci
Na farko na labarun da aka buga Maxim Gorky ya zama sanannen Miranda, wanda aka sake shi a cikin 1892. Kuma yana girmama marubucin ya kawo maganganun girma biyu da labarai biyu. Abin sha'awa, kewayawa na waɗannan kunyar ya kusan ninka har sau uku da aka kai shi a cikin waɗancan shekarun. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri ayyukan na wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci a lura da labarun "tsohuwar mace Izergil", "tsoffin mutane", "tsoffin mutane", da kuma waƙa "Sokoli". Wani waka "wakar azzakari" ta zama gaskiya. Mafi yawa Maxim Gorky biya ga wallafe-wallafen yara. Ya rubuta tatsuniyoyi da yawa, alal misali, "vorobanyshko", "Samfara", "Tases na Italiya", "tatsuniyoyin Italiya", "Tales na Italiya", sun buga wasan yara na musamman da hutun Soviet ga yara daga iyalai mara kyau.
Mai mahimmanci don fahimtar aikin marubucin Maxim Gorky "a ƙasa", "Manzo" da "Egor BoylChov da sauransu", wanda ya bayyana baiwa na wasan kwaikwayo kuma yana nuna yadda rayuwar da ke kewaye da ita. Babban mahimmancin al'adun na wallafe-wallafen Rasha yana da labarin "ƙuruciya" da "a cikin mutane", kasuwancin Social ". Aikin ƙarshe na Gorky shine sabon labari mai ban mamaki "na Karl Bangar" wanda ke da suna na biyu "shekara arba'in". A kan wannan rubutun, marubucin ya yi aiki na shekaru 11, amma bai da lokacin gama gama gari.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar rayuwa Maxim Gorky ya kasance hadari. A cikin farko da kuma bisa hukuma, ya yi aure shekara 28. Tare da matarsa Catherine Volzhina, saurayin ya hadu ta gidan Bugawa "Samara jaridar", inda yarinyar ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daidaita. Shekaru A shekara ta bayan bikin aure, dan Maxim ya bayyana a cikin iyali, ba da daɗewa ba da 'yar Catherine, da aka sanya wa sunan. Hakanan a kan tarbiyar marubucin shi ne Sarkin Sverderlov, wanda ya ɗauki sunan ƙarshe na Peshkov.
Amma ƙauna ta Gorky da sauri ta ɓace. Ya fara yin rayuwar iyali da auren Catherine Volzhina ya juya ya zama ƙungiyar iyaye: suna zaune tare kan yara. Lokacin da ɗan yaran Katya sun mutu, wannan mummunan lamarin shi ne abin da ke haifar da karye shaidu na iyali. Koyaya, maxim Gorky da matarsa, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar, abokai sun kasance abokai da kuma tallafawa isar.
Bayan rabuwa da matarsa, maxim gorky tare da Anton Pavlovich ya gana da dan wasan kwaikwayo na Mkathov gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya zama ainihin matarsa ga masu zuwa. Saboda aikinta ne marubucin ya bar zuwa Amurka da Italiya. 'Y' yar Catherine da ɗan Maxrei, wanda ya tsunduma cikin Maxkky Peshkov-Gorky, ya kasance daga dangantakar da ta gabata game da kungiyar actress. Amma bayan nasarar juyin juya halin Musulunci, da kuma kuma aikin jam'iyya ya burge shi, ya zama mara hankali ga dangi, don haka a 1919 ya ƙare da wannan dangantakar.
Batun sanya m da kansa, yana cewa ya bar Maria ya bar Maryobberg, tsohon barna da kuma aiki-lokaci sakatare. Tare da wannan matar, marubucin ya rayu shekara 13. Aure, kamar wanda ya gabata, ba a rijista. Matar ta ƙarshe Maɗaukaki na ƙarshe ya fi shekaru 24 fi ƙanana, kuma duk masani ne sun san cewa ta kasance "furucin litattafai" a gefe. Daya daga cikin loversan matan Gorky mata ne na Ingilishi na Ingilishi Herbert rijiya, wanda ta fita nan da nan bayan mutuwar matar. Akwai babbar dama cewa Maryia Buddyg, wanda ke da sunan kasada da kuma ba a haɗa kai tare da jikin NKVD ba, na iya zama wakili biyu da aiki a kan turanci.
Mutuwa
Bayan dawowar karshe ga Moband a 1932, Maxim Gorky yana aiki a cikin jaridu da kamfanoni "," tarihin yakin basasa ", shirya kuma riƙe farkon Dukkanin hukumomin Tarayyar marubutan Soviet. Bayan rasuwar da ba tsammani ta ɗan daga kumburi daga huhu marubucin marubucin. A wasu ziyarar zuwa ga kabarin Maxim, yana da sanyi sosai. Makonni uku na Gorky yana da zazzabi, ya haifar da mutuwa a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1936. An sanya jikin marubucin Soviet, kuma an sanya ƙurar ƙura a cikin bangon Kremlin akan murabba'in ja. Amma an cire kwakwalwar kwakwalwa na Pre-Gorky da kuma cire shi zuwa Cibiyar Bincike don ƙarin nazari.
Daga baya, an ɗaga tambayar sau da yawa cewa marubucin almara da ɗansa na iya guba. A wannan yanayin, Compissar Henry Yagoda ta rike, wanda yake mai son matarsa Maxim Pehkov. Hakanan ana son shiga cikin zaki mai zaki har ma da Yusuf Stalin. A lokacin danniya da kuma la'akari da batun "likitoci", an kafa masu koyar da wakilai "ciki har da mutuwar mafi karancin Gorky.
Littattafan Maxim Gorky
- 1899 - Thomas Gerdeev
- 1902 - A kasan
- 1906 - Uwar
- 1908 - rayuwar mutumin da ba dole ba
- 1914 - Yaro
- 1916 - A cikin mutane
- 1923 - jami'ata
- 1925 - Maganar Artambonov
- 1931 - Egor Boychov da sauransu
- 1936 - Rai Klim Samin