Tari
Sarki Peter III Fedorovich aka ba da suna Karl Bitrus, tunda an haifi Sasarautar Rashanci na gaba a arewacin Kiel, wanda yake a arewacin jihar Jamus ta zamani. A kan kursiyin Rasha, Peter III ya kasance rabin shekara guda (shekaru na gwamnati da Katarina II, wanda ya maye gurbin mamaci mata.
Abin lura ne cewa a cikin karni na gaba, tarihin tarihin Peter Iii an kawo shi musamman daga ra'ayi mai zurfi, don haka kamannin sa a cikin mutane da ba a bayyana ba. Amma kwanan nan, masana tarihi sun gano cewa wannan sarki ya sami cikakkiyar yabo zuwa ga kasar, kuma tsawon lokacin mulkinsa zai kawo fa'idodin daular daular Rasha.
Yaro da matasa
Tunda an haifi yaron a cikin Dukel Friedrich Hollytein-Gottorpsky, dan dan kasar Swedk, da matarsa Anna Petrovna, 'yar King Petrovna da farko (watau Peter III ne na Peter I), to An shirya makomarsa daga jarirai. Ban bayyana akan hasken ba, yaron ya zama magaji ga kursiyin Sweden, kuma Bugu da kari, a cikin ka'idar na iya da'awar kursiyin Bitrus, ko da yake a kan ra'ayin da Peter bai kamata ya faru ba.
Yaren mutanen Bitrus din ba shi ne a duk sarauta. Yaron ya rasa uwarta da wuri, kuma Uba, ya duba sauran wuraren da suka rasa kasashen da suka rasa, suka kawo dansa a matsayin soja. Tuni a cikin shekaru 10, Karl Peter ne ya sanya taken na na biyu, kuma wani yaro marar orphoran yaro.
Bayan mutuwar Karl Friedrich, ɗansa ya shiga cikin gidan zuwa gidan bishop adolf Eitinsky, kawuna na dan uwanta, inda yaron barkwanci da inda aka gamsar da spankes. Babu wanda ya kula da samuwar Prince na kambi, kuma da shekaru 13 ya yi da wuya ya iya karanta. Karl Bitrus yana da rauni lafiya, ya yi rashin lafiya da kuma wani saurayi matashi, amma a lokaci guda yayi nagarta da marar laifi. Yana ƙaunar kiɗa da zane, kodayake saboda tunanin Uban a lokaci guda yana gargadi "yankin soja".
Koyaya, an san cewa har sai mutuwar Sarkin III, na ji tsoron sautin shafin Cannon da kuma silts bindiga. Tarihi kuma bikin bakon jaraba na samari zuwa rudu da ƙirƙira, sau da yawa an koma zuwa ga digo. Hakanan akwai sigar da, a cikin balaga, Karl Bitrus ya sami dalilin giya.
Rayuwar makomar sarki ta gaba ta All-Rasha ta canza lokacin da yake dan shekara 14. A kurmin Rasha na Rasha, Elizabeth ya Petrovna, wanda ya yanke shawarar ƙarfafa mulkin mahaifinsa don zuriyar mahaifinsa. Tun Karl Bitrus shi ne kawai kai tsaye magaji da Bitrus na farko, sai aka kira shi zuwa St. Petersburg, inda matasa Peter Na uku, wanda ya riga da lakabi na Duke na Hollytein-Gottorpsky, soma da Orthodox addini da kuma samu cikin Slavic sunan Prince Peter Fedorovich.
A taron farko tare da nehet da Elizabeth, da Juhunsa ya yi mamakin sa Heir Heir zuwa malamin. Malami ya lura da kyakkyawan tunanin mutum na Ward, wanda ya fusata ɗayan tatsuniyoyin game da Peter Iii azaman "rauni mai rauni" da "hankali-hankali".
Kodayake akwai tabbaci cewa sarki ya nuna a cikin ɗan adam yana da ban mamaki. Musamman a cikin haikalin. Misali, yayin hidimar allahntaka ta yi dariya da magana da ƙarfi. Haka ne, kuma da aka nuna da halin harkokin waje. Wataƙila irin wannan hali kuma ya faɗi jita ji game da "rashin ƙarfi".
A cikin matasan sa, yana da wani mummunan yanki na ɗan ƙaramin, wanda zai iya haifar da karkatawa a cikin ci gaba. A lokaci guda, Bitrus Fedorovich aka miƙa a cikin ainihin kimiyyar, ƙasa da sabis, mallakar ƙasar mallakar Jamusanci, Faransanci da Latin. Amma Rashanci a zahiri bai sani ba. Amma ba ta nemi kwarin gwiwa ba.
Af, baƙar fata Oypa ya ɓace fuskar Bitrus ta uku. Amma a cikin kowane hoton hoton wannan yanayin ba a nuna shi ba. Kuma game da fasaha na daukar hoto to babu wani tunani - hoto na farko a duniya bayan shekaru 60 ne kawai. Don haka kawai hotonsa ne kawai aka rubuta daga dabi'a kai tunani, amma "magabtata".
Jikin mai mulki
Bayan mutuwar Elizabeth Petrovna a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1761, Peter Fedorovich ya shiga kursiyin. Amma ba a cika birane ba, an shirya shi ne bayan yakin soja zuwa Denmark. A sakamakon haka, Peter Iii an ba da labari a matsayin 1796 by Paul na I.
Ya yi kwana 186 a kan kursiyin. A wannan lokacin, Bitrus Na uku ya sanya hannu 192 na shari'a da umarnin. Kuma ko da ba ƙidaya ra'ayoyi zuwa lambobin yabo. Don haka, duk da labarin almara da jita-jita a cikin halayensa da ayyukansa, har ma da irin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya sami damar bayyana kansa kuma a cikin manufofin cikin gida na kasar.
Mafi mahimmancin takaddara na zamanin mulkin Peter Fedorovich - "Manifesto akan 'yanci na ɗauri." Wannan dokar ta 'yantar da manyan mutane daga karar dan shekaru 25 har ma sun basu damar barin kasashen waje.
Daga sauran shari'o'in Emperor, yana da mahimmanci a lura da sauye sauye game da canjin tsarin jihar. Shi, kasancewa kan kursiyin watanni shida kawai, ya yi nasarar kawar da ofishin asirin, gabatar da 'yanci na haramcin batutuwa, haramtawar kasashen da suka shafi su - don sanya kotun daular Rasha ta buɗe. Ya kuma bayyana gandun daji tare da arzikin kasa, ya kafa bankin kasa kuma ya gabatar da alƙawarin farko cikin kewaya. Amma bayan Bitrus Fedorovich, duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka lalata sun lalace.
Don haka, mai simetor Peter III yana da niyyar sanya daular Rasha ta kyauta, ƙasa da ƙasa da jimillar kuma mafi faduwa.
Duk da wannan, yawancin masana tarihi suna la'akari da ɗan gajeren lokaci da sakamakon mulkinsa kadai daga mafi munin ga Rasha. Babban dalilin wannan shine ainihin lokacin bayyanar da yaƙin shekara bakwai. Bitrus yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da hafsoshin soji, yayin da ya dakatar da yakin tare da Prussia kuma ya kawo sojojin Rasha daga Berlin. Wasu sun ɗauki waɗannan ayyukan su yi cin amana, amma a zahiri nasarar masu tsaron gawar ta kawo wa Faransa ko Faransa, wanda ya tallafa wa sojojin. Amma ga daular Rasha, babu wani fa'ida daga wannan yaƙin.
Ya kuma yanke shawarar gabatar da umarni na Prussian a cikin Sojojin Rasha - wadanda suka bayyana wani sabon tsari, kuma a yanzu ma azabtarwa ta Prussian - wig. Irin waɗannan canje-canje ba su ƙara masa iko ba, amma, akasin haka, sun na haifar da rashin fahimta da rashin tabbas a gobe, duka a cikin Circle Coircles.
Rayuwar sirri
Lokacin da mai mulki na gaba ya kusan shekara 17, Petrovna ya wahalshe masa ya aure. Asafia na Jamusawa sohoa Fredderick Augustus ya zaɓi matar Sophia Frederick Augustus, wanda a yau duk duniya ta san suna da ke Catherine sakan. An yi bikin aure na gado tare da ikon da ba a san shi ba. A matsayin kyauta, Bitrus da Catherine sun gabatar da Catarina Menshikov - Onetersburg kusa da St. Petubertt da Lyuberttsy kusa da Moscow.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da cewa Peter Iii da Ekaterina II bai jure wa juna jimla ba kuma an ɗauke su wani iyali kawai. Ko da kuma lokacin da matar ta ba da magajin wa Paul ni, da kuma 'yar Anna, bai fahimta ba, "inda ta ɗauki' ya'yan nan."
Heir zuwa ga jariri, mai siyar da Sarki Rasha Paul na nan gaba, bayan da aka kwashe shi daga iyayen, majagaba Eliziaveta Petrovna kanta nan take da kai a tarbiyyar da kanta nan take. Koyaya, Peter Federovich ba a yin baƙin ciki ba. Bai taba sha'awar hisansa ba. Ya ga yaron sau ɗaya a mako, a kai shine ƙudurin shahara. Anna Petrovna ya mutu cikin jaraba.
Game da hadin gwiwar Bitrus na uku da Catherine na biyu na na biyu ya ce cewa mai mulkin ya yi wani zanga-zangar a ba tare da matarsa ba har ma ya yi barazanar kisan ta. Sau ɗaya, bayan matar ba ta tallafa wa maganin da aka yi magana a kan idin ba, Peter III ya umarci mace. Daga Kurkun Kurkari, Katherine Bitrus ta shiga tsakani kawai, George Golstin-gottorpsky. Amma tare da duk zalunci, fushi, mafi yawa, kishi ga matar sa Pyotr Fedorovich yana fuskantar girmama tunaninta. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, mafi sau da yawa da kudi, mijin Ekaterina sau da yawa ya juya ta neman taimako. An kiyaye bayanai cewa Peter III Catherine II da ake kira "Mrs. Beat".
Abin lura ne, a rayuwar Peter III, rashin dangantaka da Catherine ba ta tasiri ba. Peter Fedorovich ya yi kuskure, babban wanda shine 'yar Janar Roman Vorontsov. An gabatar da 'ya'ya mata biyu da' ya'ya mata da maza: Catherine, wanda zai zama aboki na Mata Matar Imple, kuma daga baya sai Shugabannin Dashova, da Alisabatu. Anan ya fadi rabo ya zama mace mai ƙaunataccen mace kuma ya fi so Peter III. Aika ta kasance a shirye ta hana aure, amma wannan ya faru da wannan.
Mutuwa
A kursiyin sarauta, Peter Federovich ya zauna kadan fiye da watanni shida. Da lokacin bazara na 1762, matarsa Ekaterina ta biyu ke takara da minista don shirya juyin mulkin faduwa, wanda ya faru a karshen watan Yuni. Bitrus, ya buge da muguntar muhallin, ya ba da jawabi da kursiyin Rasha, wanda farko bai yi godiya ba kuma ba ya so zuwa ƙasarsa ta asali. Duk da haka, ta hanyar Catherine, an kama shi a cikin fadar a Ropsche kusa da St. Petersburg.
Kuma a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1762, mako guda bayan haka, Peter Iii ya mutu. Babban dalilin kisa shine "harin na basur na basur", inganta ta hanyar cinye giya. Koyaya, babban nau'in mutuwar sarki shine mummunar mutuwa daga Alexei Orlova, babban ɗan'uwan a wancan lokacin da aka fi so Catherine. An yi imani da cewa gaggafa sun mamaye fursunonin, kodayake ba na binciken likita na baya ko kuma hujjojin tarihi sun tabbatar da wannan ba. Wannan sigar ta dogara da "harafin mai tuba" ta hanyar Alexey, wanda a zamaninmu ya dogara ne da cewa wannan takarda ce ta Fedor Mensor, hannun dama na Bulus farko.
Bayan mutuwar tsohon sarki, an sami kuskuren da ba daidai ba game da halayen da kuma tarihin Peter III, tunda dukkanin matsalar matarsa II, mahalarta mahalarta na gimbiya dashkina , ɗayan manyan akidun ƙirar, ƙidaya nikita pinin, da ɗan'uwansa - Count Peter Pint. Wato, dangane da ra'ayoyin waɗancan mutanen da suka ci amanar Peter Federovich.
Kawai "godiya" ga tunanin Katarina II, hoton Peter Iii a matsayin mai maye miji, rataye beraye. Mace ta shiga ofishin sarki kuma ya yi mamakin gani. Sama da teburinsa yana tafe. Auren da ta amsa mata cewa ta aikata wani laifi da laifin soja da ke da rauni. A cewarsa, an kashe ta kuma tsawon kwanaki 3 zai rataye a gaban jama'a. Sergey Solovyev, da kuma m Klyuchevsky, suna bayyana Bitrus na Uku, an maimaita wannan "labarin".
Shin a zahiri ne, ko kuma ta hanyar Catherine II a kan "rashin tsaro" wanda aka kirkira kansa mai kyau hoton nasa, yanzu ba zai yiwu a gano ba.
Jita-jita na mutuwa sun nuna yawan masussuka da yawa, suna kiran kansu masu tsira. " Irin waɗannan abubuwan mamaki sun faru ne kafin, yana da mahimmanci tuna aƙalla lhadriev. Amma da yawan mutanen da suka ba da kansu ga sarki, Peter Fedorovich ba shi da fafatawa. Aƙalla mutane 40 sun zama "Lzhetters III", a cikin wanne Eugachev da Stean.
Tunani
- 1934 - Fasta Fim "slutty plasess" (a cikin rawar da Peter III - Sam JAFFE)
- 1963 - fim din Art "Katerina daga Russia" (kamar yadda Peter Iii - Raul Gracili)
- 1987 - Littafin "labari ne na yariman Rasha" - Sochnikov A. S.
- 1991 - Fim na fim "Vivat, Mortthericaryna!" (A Matsayin Peter Iii - Mikhail Egitov)
- 1991 - littafin "jaraba ta mu'ujiza. "Yariman Rasha" da masu hisumi "- sochnikov A. S.
- 2007 - Littafin "Ekaterina II da Peter III: Tarihin rikici na bala'i" - Ivanov O. A.
- 2012 - Littafin "magada daga Giant" - Eliseva O.I.
- 2014 - jerin "Catherine" (kamar yadda Peter III - Alexander Yatsenko)
- 2014 - Daidai da Peter III a cikin garin Kiel (Sculptor Alexander Taranov)
- 2015- Jerin "Babban" Babban "Peter Iii - Paiel Deevyanko)
- 2018 - jerin talabijin "jini na jini" (a cikin rawar da Peter III - Evgeny Kulakov)